Sei mitengo ichikwira asi mihoro yedu isingakwire? Vashandi veArgentina vane hanya nenyaya iyi sezvo kunetsana kwevashandi kuri kuwedzera. Vashandi vehutano hweveruzhinji vakaisa gakava pamusoro pemihoro munzvimbo yeruzhinji.
Vashandi vasiri vezvekurapa pachipatara chevana veGarrahan vanga vari munzira yekuramwa mabasa kwemavhiki matatu apfuura vachida kuti muhoro wepamwedzi uwedzere kusvika pa1,800 pesos (madhora mazana matanhatu). Vashandi vezvehutano vehurumende vakaramwa mabasa kwemaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri pachipatara ichi, izvo zvakonzera mhirizhonga muHurumende yeNyika. Chipatara chevana cheGarrhan inzvimbo yeArgentina yakakura uye yemazuva ano inochengeterwa hutano hwevana, iyo inoshandisa vanhu zviuru zviviri nemazana mana (kusanganisira vekurapa, vekutonga nevasiri vekurapa).
"Tinoda kuwana mari yakaenzana nebhasikiti remhuri," akadaro mumiriri wegungano Mercedes Mendez. Vashandi veGarrahan vanoti vane kodzero yekuda muhoro we1,800, mutengo wezvinodiwa nemhuri. Vamwe vanamukoti mazana manomwe, matekiniki, uye majanitor vakarongwa mumusangano wevashandi unoshanda sekomisheni yemukati yemubatanidzwa wevashandi vehurumende yeATE. Gungano iri rakashoropodza hutungamiriri hweATE nekuramba husina kumira mushe mukunetsekana kwevashandi, nguva zhinji vachitaura pachena vachipokana nezvido nezviito zvevashandi. Gungano rinokoshesa demokrasi yakananga uye isiri-hierarchical sangano 'zvikumbiro zvinogadzirwa nedare regungano uye ipapo vashandi vanovhota pachikumbiro ichi.
Hutongi hweMutungamiri Nestor Kirchner pamwe nevezvenhau vakaparura chirongwa chikuru chekuita dhimoni musangano wevashandi vehutano uye kutsausa pfungwa kubva pakudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwekuwedzera kwebhodhi remihoro nekuvandudza mabasa everuzhinji. Mwedzi uno, Gurukota rezveutano, Gines Gonzales Garcias, akataura kuti vashandi vezvoutano vairatidzira ‘magandanga, vanotora vana senhapwa.’ Akavapomera mhosva yokuparadza michina yezvokurapa uye kuisa upenyu hwevana mungozi. Hunhu hwaGonzales Garcias inyaya inotyisa yehurukuro yakashandiswa nehudzvanyiriri hwekupedzisira hweArgentina.
Kunyange hazvo vachipomerwa mhosva yekuti vari kuramwa mabasa ava havasi kuchengeta varwere, hama dzevarwere vari kurapwa pachipatara ichi dzakapopotera vanhu ava dzichiti vanamukoti havana kumbosiya varwere vavo. Vakatsanangura kuti vashandi vanovhara rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi kana vari kuramwa mabasa. Kakawanda, vanamukoti vakataura nemisodzi mumaziso avo kubva mukutsamwa uye kushaya simba kuti chipatara hachina hutano hwakakwana hwezvinodiwa zviri nyore semajekiseni, machubhu uye tsono dzeIV. Vanamukoti, vanamukoti nevekuchengetedza vakati ndivo vanoita kuti chipatara chirambe chichishanda. Vanowanzofanira kumirira vanachiremba uye dzimwe nguva kunyange vanachiremba. Kwezuva revana gungano revashandi rakaronga mutambo nemimhanzi, zvipo uye mafirimu evarwere nemhuri.
Pamusoro pekunzi magandanga, svondo rapfuura vakuru vechipatara ichi vakatumira nhare dzekuyambira vashandi kuti kana vakaramba vachiramwa mabasa vachadzingwa basa. Chipatara ichi svondo rino chakapinza basa vanamukoti vatsva makumi maviri vasina kudzidziswa zvakakwana kuti vaputse kuramwa mabasa uku, izvo zvakangofanana nemakambani anochera marasha aitumira zvikwambo. Zvisinei, vashandi havana kudzokera shure. Musi wa20 Nyamavhuvhu vakavhota kuti vagadzirise kumwe kuramwa mabasa kwemaawa 15.
Bazi rezvevashandi rakapa kuti vashandi vawedzerwe nezvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana. Matatu emasangano akabatanidzwa mukukonana akabvuma chikumbiro chacho. Zvichakadaro, munyori mukuru wemusangano weGarrahan anopokana, Gustavo Lerer akati kupihwa uku kuri kure nekuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevashandi zvemuhoro we20. Parizvino vazhinji vasiri vashandi vekurapa vanoita pakati pe1,800 kusvika 1,000 pesos. Chikumbiro ichi chaizoreva kukwira kwemazana maviri epeso kuvashandi vazhinji, ukuwo manejimendi epamusoro-soro anowana mari inosvika zviuru zviviri zvepeso aizowana mazana matanhatu epeso kuwedzera.
Muna Chikunguru, mari shoma inodiwa kudzivirira kuwira pasi pehurombo yakawedzera kubva pa750 pesos kusvika 786 pesos. Nekudaro, muhoro wepakati muArgentina i600 pesos. Hurumende inonetsekana kuti kana vashandi veGarrahan vakakunda zvavanoda, vanozotanga kuita mune mamwe matunhu evashandi vachida muhoro unoenderana nemutengo wezvinodiwa nemhuri. Vashandi vehurumende munyika yose vave nemwedzi mina vachiramwa mabasa. Bazi rezvevashandi riri kuyedza kumisa zviri kudiwa nevashandi zvekuwedzerwa mihoro uye kuti kukwidzwa kwemitengo kumire. IMF iri kusundidzira Mutungamiriri Néstor Kirchner kuti vachengetedze mihoro uye vateme bhajeti remabasa everuzhinji, ukuwo inflation inotarisirwa kusvika pagumi neshanu muzana gore rino. Neyose 15 muzana yekukwira kwemitengo, 1 vanhu vanowira pasi pehurombo.
Mihoro yakamiswa kweanopfuura makore gumi. Pakati pa1984 na2004, mihoro chaiyo yakadonha 52.7 muzana. Mukati meiyi nhambo imwe cheteyo kugadzirwa kwakawedzera 87.2 muzana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kugadzirwa kweawa kwevashandi kwakawedzera ne257%. Nepo vashandi vachigadzira nekukurumidza mukati meawa yakawanda, simba rekutenga remihoro rakaderera zvakanyanya. Kune vemabhizinesi nemamaneja, kumanikidza vashandi kuti vashande nekukurumidza kunogona kukonzera kudzikiswa kwemitengo kuburikidza nekuderedzwa uye kuwedzera kugadzira. Nepo vashandi vachishanda nekukurumidza, kune yakawedzera yevashandi pane izvo zvinoda kugadzirwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti vadzingwe mabasa uye zvimiro zvebasa zvinochinjika ‘kushaikwa kwemabasa kwasvika pazvikamu gumi nepfumbamwe kubva muzana (kusanganisira mamirioni maviri vasingashandi vanowana rubatsiro rwevasina mabasa).
Saka kana mhuri ichida kanenge chiuru nemazana masere epesos kuti ipfuure, nei mihoro ichidonha pasi peiyi hushoma? ‘Vashandi vose, pasinei neboka ripi, vane kodzero yokuti mhuri dzavo dzigone kudya zvakanaka, kuva nembatya uye kugara mudzimba dzakanaka,’ vakadaro vamiriri vezvitima zvepasi pevhu mupepanhau ravo. Meso ese arikuona gakava reGarrahan. Nezviito zvakananga sekurova kwemusango uye mitambo yekubatana vari kutumira meseji yakajeka yekuti vashandi havazogamuchire mihoro yehurombo. Nekuchengetwa kwakatsiga kwemihoro yeavhareji isingashandi uye inonyadzisa, hurumende nezvikamu zvebhizimisi zvakadzidzisa vagari vemo kuti vajairire kugara munhamo. Nekudaro, zvese izvi zviri kuchinja nemakakatanwa evashandi ari kubuda saGarrahan.
Vashandi vemufekitori yeCeramics yeZanon, inogarwa uye inotungamirwa nevashandi vayo kubva muna 2001, vari kupa mataira eceramic kuchipatara chevana cheGarrahan. Vashandi veZanon vakati kunyangwe mazana maviri emamita ematairi eceramics ingori chiito chidiki vanotsigira vashandi vasiri vekurapa vari kuramwa mabasa kwevhiki rechitatu rakateedzana. Hurumende zvakare iri kushushikana pamusoro penyika yese network yekubatana pakati pemakakatanwa evashandi. Vashandi vepachipatara vanobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji nedzakazvimirira dzakaramwa mabasa dzakafanana uye vakaratidza rutsigiro rwavo kuvashandi veGarrahan.
Vashandi vakawanda vanofunga kuti kurwisa kukwira kwemitengo yevatengi kunofambirana nekurwira kukwidzwa kwemihoro. Nhume dze Subway dzine chirevo chakananga chekuvandudza mihoro yevashandi uye mamiriro. ‘Kunyange zvazvo mukana wekuwedzera mitengo uri mumaoko evanamuzvinabhizimisi hapazombovi nekuwedzerwa muhoro kunokwana. Ichi ndicho chikonzero mitengo inofanirwa kuve chikamu chekugadzirwa kwevashandi. Kunyange izvi zvichiita senge utopia, isu tine muganho mudiki wekushandisa pfungwa iyi nemabhizinesi akadzoreredzwa ari pasi pevashandi. Kana makambani makuru e100 muArgentina akadzorwa nevashandi (senyaya yeZanon) taigona kutanga kudzora mitengo mukati memusika we capitalist. Kana kuti kunze kwe capitalism.’
Vashandi veGarrahan vanogona kusvikwa pa [email inodzivirirwa] Marie Trigona muratidziri, munyori uye anoumba chikamu chevhidhiyo pamwe chete, Grupo AlavÃo. Anogona kusvikwa pa [email inodzivirirwa]