Mumakore ekuma1950 ndakakurira mumhuri yakadzika midzi yekubudirira kwevanhu vemuAfrica muAmerica mukurwira kodzero dzevanhu uye kuenzana kuzere kwemutemo. Zvino muna 1962 kwaive kutya kwekuparadzwa kwangu pachangu kwenyukireya munguva yeCuban Missile Crisis kwakatanga kumutsa kufarira kwangu kudzidza hukama hwepasirese uye mutemo wekune dzimwe nyika weUS ndiri mukomana mudiki wemakore gumi nemaviri: "Ndinogona kuita basa riri nani pane iri!"
Nekuwedzera kweHondo yeVietnam muna 1964 uye mauto ehondo akanditarisa kumeso chaiko, ndakaiongorora zvakadzama. Pakupedzisira ndakagumisa kuti kusafanana neHondo yeNyika II apo Baba vangu vakanga varwa ndokukurira Mauto oUmambo hweJapan somurwi muduku weMarine muPacific, iyi hondo itsva yakanga isiri yapamutemo, younzenza, isina tsika, uye United States yaizongorasikirwa nayo. America yaive ichangotanga kwaive kwabva France kuDien Bien Phu. Saka ndakasarudza kuita zvishoma zvandaigona kurwisa Hondo yeVietnam.
Muna 1965 Mutungamiri Lyndon Johnson vakapinda muDominican Republic nechisimba, izvo zvakaita kuti nditange kuongorora zvakadzama kupindira kwemauto eUS muLatin America kubva muHondo yeSpanish neAmerica ya1898 kusvika kune yainzi Mutungamiri Franklin Roosevelt mutemo weโmuvakidzani akanakaโ. Pakupera kwechidzidzo ichi, ndakagumisa kuti Hondo yeVietnam yakanga isiri yepisodic, asi yakarongeka: Hasha, hondo, kudeura ropa, uye mhirizhonga yaingova nzira iyo United States Power Elite yakanga yamboita bhizinesi ravo pasi rese. Nokudaro, sezvandakazviona sejaya re17, kwaizova nemamwe maVietnam mune ramangwana uye zvichida rimwe zuva ndaigona kuita chimwe chinhu pamusoro pazvo pamwe nekusimudzira kodzero dzevanhu veAfrica America. Aya mapatya ainetseka neudiki hwangu zvishoma nezvishoma aizoibva aita basa rakazvipira kumutemo wepasi rose uye kodzero dzevanhu.
Saka ndakatanga fundo yangu yepamutemo yeInternational Relations nemushakabvu, mukuru Hans Morgenthau musvondo rekutanga raNdira 1970 semukororo wegore regumi nemapfumbamwe wepakoreji paUniversity yeChicago nekutora kosi yake yekutanga pachidzidzo ichocho. Panguva iyoyo, Morgenthau aitungamirira mauto ezvidzidzo aipikisa Hondo yeVietnam yaisemeswa, ndosaka ndakasarudza kudzidza naye. Mukati memakore gumi edzidzo yepamusoro paYunivhesiti yeChicago neHarvard, ndakaramba kudzidza nemapurofesa aitsigira Hondo yeVietnam zviri pachena sechinhu chemusimboti uyezve nechikonzero chechokwadi chekuti havana chavangandidzidzisa.
Muzhizha ra1975, akanga ari Morgenthau uyo โโakandikurudzira zvakasimba kuva purofesa panzvimbo pokuita zvimwe zvinhu zvinovimbisa noupenyu hwangu: โKana Morgenthau achifunga kuti ndinofanira kuva purofesa, ipapo ndichava purofesa!โ Mushure memakore angangoita gumi ekushanda naye pachangu, Morgenthau akandipa kurudziro yakakwana, nhungamiro, uye ruzivo rwekugara zvino ingangoita hafu yeupenyu.
Kubva kare, kuputika kwemauto eAmerica pakutanga kwe21st Century kwakafanana neAmerica kuvhura 20th Century kuburikidza neHondo yeSpain-America yakakurudzirwa neUS muna 1898. Ipapo hutongi hweRepublican hweMutungamiri William McKinley hwakaba hutongi hwavo. umambo hwakabva kuSpain muCuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, uye Philippines; yakaita kuti pave nehondo yokuparadza rudzi nevanhu vomuPhilippines; panguva imwecheteyo vachiwedzera zvisiri pamutemo Humambo hweHawaii uye vachiisa vanhu veNative Hawaiian (vanozvidaidza kuti Kanaka Maoli) kusvika pedyo nekupondwa kwemarudzi. Pamusoro pezvo, kuwedzera kwemauto nekoloni kwaMcKinley muPacific kwakagadzirirwawo kuchengetedza kushandiswa kwehupfumi hweAmerica neChina zvichiteerana neiyo euphemistic rubriki ye "open door" mutemo. Asi mukati memakumi mana emakore anotevera kuvepo kweAmerica zvine hukasha, mitemo, nemaitiro muโPacificโ zvaizogadzira nzira nenzira isingafungidzirwe kurwiswa kweJapan paPearl Harbor musi waZvita 7, 194l, nokudaro kunaya kweAmerica muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Nhasi kwapera zana rimwe mhirizhonga yakatangwa uye yakatyisidzirwa nehutungamiri hweRepublican Bush Jr uye ikozvino hutungamiri hweDemocratic Obama huri kutyisidzira kutanga Hondo Yenyika III.
Nekushandisa zvisina kunyara dambudziko rakaipisisa remusi wa11 Gunyana 2001, hutungamiriri hwaBush Jr. hwakatanga kuba humambo hwehydrocarbon kubva kumatunhu echiMuslim nevanhu vanogara muCentral Asia nePersian Gulf vachinyepera (1) kurwa hondo nenyika dzepasi rose. ugandanga; uye/kana (2) kubvisa zvombo zvinoparadza; uye/kana (3) kusimudzirwa kwedemocracy; uye/kana (4) kuzvidaidza kuti โkupindira kwerubatsiro.โ Chete panguva ino iyo geopolitical stakes yakakura zvisingaverengeki kupfuura zvayaive zana ramakore rapfuura: kutonga uye kutonga kwezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvepasi rose zvehydrocarbon zviwanikwa uye nekudaro hwaro uye hunopa simba hwehurongwa hwehupfumi hwenyika - oiri negesi. VaBush Jr./ Obama manejimendi akatonangana neasara ma hydrocarbon reserves eAfrica, Latin America, neSoutheast Asia kuti vawedzere kukunda kana kutonga, pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzekudzipwa mugungwa nepanyika dzinodiwa pakufambisa kwavo. Panyaya iyi, hutungamiriri hwaBush Jr. hwakazivisa kugadzwa kweUS Pentagon's Africa Command (AFRICOM) kuitira kuti vadzore zvirinani, vatonge, uye vashandise zvese zviwanikwa uye vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vekondinendi yeAfrica, iyo mavambo chaiwo enyika yedu. marudzi evanhu.
Ichi chiitiko chazvino cheUS imperialism ndicho icho Hans Morgenthau akatsanangura "unlimited imperialism" mubhuku rake rekupedzisira Politics Among Nations (4th ed. 1968, pa52-53):
Mienzaniso yakatanhamara yenhoroondo yehudzvanyiriri husingagumi ndiyo mitemo yekuwedzera yaAlexander Mukuru, Roma, maArabu muzana ramakore rechinomwe neresere, Napoleon I, naHitler. Vese vane mumwechete kurudziro yekuwedzera iyo isingazive miganhu inonzwisisika, inodyisa pakubudirira kwayo uye, kana ikasamiswa nesimba repamusoro, ichaenda kumiganhu yenyika yezvematongerwo enyika. Kurudziro iyi haizogutsikane kana pachine chero chinhu chinogona kutonga - boka revarume rakarongeka mune zvematongerwo enyika iro nekuzvimiririra kwaro rinopikisa kuchiva kwesimba kwemukundi. Ndizvo, sezvatichaona, chaizvo kushaikwa kwemwero, chishuvo chekukunda zvese zvinokweretesa kukunda, hunhu hweimperialism isingaperi, iyo yakapfuura kwave kupenengura hurongwa hwemampiriyamu erudzi urwuโฆ.
Musi wa10 Mbudzi 1979 ndakashanyira naHans Morgenthau kumba kwake kuManhattan. Yakabvumikisa kuva kurukurirano yedu yokupedzisira asati afa pana 19 July 1980. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ake ezvinhu asina simba omuviri asi asiri endangariro uye chinetso chake chakakomba chemwoyo, pamugumo womusangano wedu wakapfupikiswa seawa imwe chete ndakamubvunza noune zvaaifunga pamusoro penguva yemberi. yehukama hwenyika. Nyanzvi inoremekedzwa iyi, iyo nyanzvi dzekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika dzinowanzofunga kuti ndiye muvambi wesainzi yezvematongerwo enyika yemazuva ano mushure meHondo Yenyika II, akapindura kuti:
Ramangwana, remangwana rakaita sei? Handina tariro zvikuru. Mukuona kwangu nyika iri kufamba zvisingaite yakananga kuhondo yenyika yechitatu โ hondo yenyukireya. Handitendi kuti pane chingaitwe kudzivirira. Hurongwa hwepasi rose hwakanyanya kusagadzikana kuti vararame kwenguva refu. Chibvumirano cheSALT II chakakosha kune yazvino, asi nekufamba kwenguva haigone kumisa kukurumidza. Sezvineiwo, handitendi kuti ndichararama kuti ndione zuva iroro. Asi ndinotya kuti mungadaro.
Mamiriro ezvinhu echokwadi akatenderedza kubuda kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga uye Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri parizvino ari kutenderera seMunondo weDamocles pamusoro pemisoro yevanhu vese. Zvakakosha kuti tiite kuzvipira uye kushanda nesimba kuti tibvise kufanotaura kwekupedzisira kwaHans Morgenthau pamusoro pekuparara kunotyisa kwerudzi rwevanhu.
Francis A. Boyle, Champlaign, IL.
Purofesa weInternational Law
Legal Advisor kuPalestinian Delegation kune
Middle East Runyararo Hurukuro (1991-93)