Diana Johnstone, Denderedzwa Murima: Memoir of a World Watcher. Clarity Press, Inc. 2020.
Bhuku raDiana Johnstone rinovhura nenzira yakanakisa kuti mamiriro epasi rose enjere akashatisa sei nyika zhinji dzenhau. Makumi mashoma emakore apfuura kwakanga kuchiri pachena munzira iyo vatori venhau vaishuma nyaya dzepasi rose. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvisinei, mukana wekuzvimiririra uye kutsoropodza kushuma kwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Vezvenhau vemazuva ese vawedzera kushamwaridzana kune nyika yevakuru vemasimba.
Johnstone's journalism inobva munyika umo kutaura chokwadi chiri chinangwa chikuru. Akapedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake hwebasa ari kunze kwenhepfenyuro dzemazuva ose achiona tsika dzinokura dzisina chokwadi dzevatapi venhau vava nemukurumbira kupfuura zvavanofanira kupiwa nebasa ravo. Pakutanga Johnstone akaona hukama hwepedyo pakati peWestern intelligence masevhisi uye makuru enhau. Panzvimbo pekuvimba ne "manyuko ehungwaru", "anoziva masosi" kana "akavimbika masosi", aivimba ne "pachena masosi uye nekufunga kuongorora kwechokwadi chinozivikanwa. Iyi nzira yakave yechokwadi kupfuura zvakazarurwa zvisina kunaka. " Johnstone anowedzera kuti: โPanzvimbo pekudzidzisa veruzhinji, zvinobudisa nhau zvinofambirana zviri nyore nenyaya inoenderana nerusaruro uye zvido zvemasimba.โ Anotaura kuti kushandira nhepfenyuro huru kune zvakwakanakira, kunyanya zvehupfumi, asi kunosanganisira kurasikirwa nerusununguko.
Unyengeri hwevatungamiri vekuMadokero vane simba hunotorwa mupfungwa ye "Western values". Johnstone anoenda kuburikidza nenhoroondo yenhoroondo yekuti kunyepedzera kwe "tsika" idzi dzakashandiswa sei kuvhara kurwiswa kwechisimba kwakanangana nekodzero dzevanhu uye nyika dzakazvimirira dzaionekwa sevavengi. Anoratidza kuti munguva yeHondo Yemashoko โkodzero dzevanhuโ dzakasefa zvakafanira sei kureva zvikurukuru mapoka anopandukira muSoviet Union neEastern Europe.
SemuAmerica akapedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake muEurope, kunyanya kuFrance, Johnstone ari kuziva zvinorwadza nezvebasa rinotyisa reUS mukuedza nechisimba kuumba nyika nemufananidzo wayo, ichiratidza kusaziva zvachose nhoroondo yenyika netsika. .
Europe yaive nemafambiro aishoropodza kuedza kweAmerican imperialist. Johnstone akatarisa achisemesa kuti muma1970 "vazivi vatsva" vakashanda nesimba sei kushandura maonero eruzhinji rweFrance kune imwe nzvimbo yeAmerica muCold War. Vazivi veFrance vaitungamira vakaona udzvanyiriri muSoviet Union chete kunyangwe mamiriro aive aita nani kubva panguva dzeStalinist. Munyika ino inoshamisa Michel Foucault ndiye aive muzivi aitungamira. Kusangana kwaJohnstone naFoucault nemuteveri wake anoshingaira Andrรฉ Glucksmann kwanga kusingafadzi.
Johnstone anorondedzera mumwe musangano naGlucksmann, kuti: โNdakava noushingi kupa zano kuna Glucksmann kuti kwakanga kune vamwe vasingabvumirani munyika, zvikurukuru muLatin America uye kunyange muUnited States, uye kwaizova kuri pakati nepakati kuvadzivirirawo. Izvi zvakanga zvisiri mubvunzo.โ
Mumabasa ake nezvematongerwo enyika Johnstone aive nekusahadzika kwake pamusoro pevaaishanda navo kuruboshwe uye shamwari. Akafunga kuti vainyanya kufarira chimiro chavo uye vakarota nezvechimurenga chavakanga vasingazive kuti voita sei. Aive nezviitiko zvevazivi vebapiro rekuruboshwe vane mukurumbira vakaita saDaniel Cohn-Bendit naJoschka Fischer. Nenguva isipi akabva aziva nezvehupenzi hwavo.
Johnstone akakurira mumhuri umo matauriro chaiwo aikosha. Maererano nezvakaitika kwaari uku โkureva chokwadi kwaireva, chimwe chinhu chaiita sechinokosha zvokuti ndakashamiswa pandakawana kuti vanhu vainyepa.โ Baba vaJohnstone vakafarira kurangarira kuti aive ani akataura chimwe chinhu chisingakanganwike. Mufungo wacho chaizvoizvo wakanga wakabva kuna Albert Einstein: โSezvo denderedzwa redu rezivo rinowedzera, ndizvo zvakaitawo denderedzwa rerima rakaipoteredza.โ
Gare gare, muhupenyu hwake hwehunyanzvi Johnstone aiwanzogara ari pedyo nekusagadzikana nevanhu vaifarira kuziviswa kwe "chokwadi" kwakavakirwa pakuzviisa pasi kusingadzorwi nekuongorora kwechokwadi.
Pakati peshamwari dzaJohnstone dzaive nemukurumbira paive nenyanzvi yemitauro nemuAmerica aipikisa Noam Chomsky. Chomsky aisada zvimwe zvinhu zvehungwaru mamiriro emuParis mukupera kwema1970. Ruvengo rwaakagamuchirawo muguta guru reFrance zvimwe zvakaita kuti upenyu hunyanye kuomera vapikisi veko vekuAmerica. Nenguva isipi Johnstone haana kukwanisa kuburitsa chero chinhu muFrance uye aifanira kutendeukira kuSpain, Italy, Germany kana kumwewo.
Mumvuri weAmerica pamusoro peEurope waigara uripo mubasa rekunyora raJohnstone. IUS yaive nechinangwa chikuru muEurope: kutonga kweAmerica. Kuti vawane ichi chinangwa, vaAmerica vakanga vakangwarira zvikuru kupfuura Soviet Europe muEastern Europe. Masevhisi ehungwaru eUS aive mukubatana pamwe nevamwe vavo vekuWestern Europe. MuItaly, semuenzaniso, iyo CIA yakagadzira hukama hwepedyo nemasevhisi epachivande enyika. Johnstone anotsanangura kuti tsitsi dzefascist dzakaramba dzichishanda sei mukati menharaunda yehungwaru yeItaly kunyangwe hondo yapera.
Nekuti vanhu vazhinji vane hunhu munyika dzeEurope vakaramba hutongi hweAmerica, US yaifanira kutendeukira kune vanhu vaive kure nechero chinhu icho maAmerican chaizokudza sevateveri ve "Western values". Johnstone anonyora kuti US haina dambudziko rekusangana nevanhu vane huwori, matsotsi, uye vakapusa, "nekuti ava ndivo vanoda kwazvo kuwana dziviriro yeimwe nyika."
Paive nevatungamiriri vashoma vekuEurope vaikwanisa kuramba simba reAmerica. Mumwe aive Mutungamiriri weSweden, Olof Palme, akapondwa zvisinganzwisisike muStockholm muna 1986. Johnstone akafadzwa nekuponda kwake nekuti aiziva kuti Palme aive neushingi hwekutevera zvaaitenda pavakapesana nemaonero enyika iyo Washington yakaedza kuparadzira mukati. Europe uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Kwapera gore mushure mekuponda Johnstone akaenda kuSweden. Anotsanangura chiitiko chacho achiti: โChandakawana chikuru chaiva chezvematongerwe enyika. Mushure menguva ingangoita hafu yezana yehurumende yeSocial Democratic, mapurisa ezvekuchengetedza eSweden akaramba akasimba mukubata kwevatambi vekurudyi vane mukurumbira weruvengo kune mushakabvu Mutungamiriri Olof Palme zvakaita kuti vafungidzirwe, kana vasiri sevakapara mhosva. yeimwe nyika.โ
Mushure meHondo Yenyika II maitiro e-pro-German eSweden masevhisi ekuchengetedza akachinja kuita pro-Americanism. Hofisi yepachivande yakarega basa yakaudza Johnstone kuti: โZvinotaurwa neCIA ishoko raMwari. Vanovimba nazvo 200%. "
Munyori wenhoroondo wekuSweden, Wilhelm Agrell, akaudza Johnstone kuti aifungidzira kuti zviri mukuchengetedzwa kweSweden kana mauto ane chekuita nekupondwa kwaPalme nekuti vaifunga kuti aityisidzira nyika. Pakati pemadenderedzwa aya pakanga paine chishuwo chikuru chekusiya kusarerekera uye kubatana neNATO. Kubva ipapo, uku Sweden yakaramba iri kunze kweNATO, nyika yanga iri mutsigiri ane shungu wemauto eAmerica kurwisa kutyisidzira kwainzi "Russian".
Dambudziko riri muBalkan muma1990 rakapa vezvenhau vekuMadokero chinhu chitsva chekuvengana kweruvengo: Serbian nationalism. Sezvo Yugoslavia yakanga ichiparara pashure porufu rwaTito, zvinetso zvoupfumi zvakaoma zvakanga zvichiparadza nyika yacho.
Johnstone anonyora kuti: โKunyange zvazvo chaingova chimwe chete pakati pevanoverengeka, โurudzi hweSerbiaโ hwakaenzaniswa neโkumuka kwechiNazi muma1930 - kuenzanisa kusina ukama nouchokwadi. Asi zvakabata munzeve dzevanhu.โ
Zvirango zvepasi rose zvakatemerwa Serbia mukurangwa nekuda kweinofungidzirwa kuti inotungamira muhondo yeBosnia. Muchokwadi, sekutaura kwaJohnstone, hurumende yeMilosevic yaikurudzira zvakasimba maSerbs muBosnia kutsvaga kugadzirisa nedivi reMuslim. Johnstone anoshuma kuti izvo zvinobudisa nhau zvisina kushuma panguva yacho zvakanga zviri zvokuti โkwakanga kune vatsigiri veyananiso mumapoka ose edzinza uye kuti zvikonzero zvokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira zvorugare zvakanga zviripo. Zvakanga zvisina kujeka panguva iyoyo sezvazvakazova kuti masimba makuru eNATO akanga asingadi kugara murunyararo: chaizvoizvo aida kushandisa ngwavaira yavanhu yeYugoslavia sechikonzero chokupindira.โ
Mafungiro akanyanya kuMadokero aive ekuti maSerbs anofanirwa kurangwa: "Musi waNyamavhuvhu 4 (1995) mauto eCroatia, nerutsigiro rweUS, akadzinga vanhu veSerbia kubva kumuganhu weKrajina nharaunda - huru "kucheneswa kwemadzinza" kwehondo dzeYugoslavia. . Hapana munhu kuMadokero aiva nehanya nezvakaitika kuvaSerb.โ
Johnstone akaona kuti zviitiko muBalkans zvakashumwa nekusavimbika kukuru. Izvi zvakaonekwa zvakare apo NATO yakatanga kubhomba Serbia muna Kurume 1999, mushandirapamwe wakavakirwa pamishumo yakamonyaniswa yezviitiko muKosovo. Sokunyora kunoita Johnstone, kunyepedzera kweโtsika dzokuMadokeroโ kwakashandiswa zvakanyanyisa: โUnhu hweโtsika dzokuMadokeroโ dzemazuva ano kusava nehanya neโtsika dzokuMadokeroโ sezvaiitwa mune mamwe marudzi. Izvi zvingadaro nokuti vatungamiriri, vakagamuchira 'tsika dzokuMadokero,' vanowanzozvivimba uye vasingadi kutungamirirwa.โ
Kunyangwe vazhinji ve "kuruboshwe-kuruboshwe" vanovhenekera vakabatsira kutanga kurwisa kwakanyanyisa kurwisa Serbia, pakati pavo Joschka Fischer naDany Cohn-Bendit. Vakapa "rubatsiro" rwekutenderera kuhondo yakauraya zviuru zvevanhu uye yakakonzera kukuvadza kwakanyanya kune zvivakwa zveSerbia. Kupindira kwematsotsi kweNATO muBalkan kwakabvumidzwa zvisina tsarukano nevakawanda vekuMadokero. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vezvenhau vekuMadokero vakabatsira sei kugadzira manyepo nezve "kupindira kwevanhu"
Kuedza kwakaitwa naJohnstone nevamwe vatori venhau kuti vagadzirise rekodhi hakuna kubvumidzwa. Maonero enyika akamonyaniswa aifanira kuramba aripo. Vanyori vashomanana ava vakaona pakarepo kuti United States yaizoshandisa izvi kukanganisa muMiddle East kwemakore anotevera.
Rega nditore mashoko aJohnstone kwenguva yakareba kubva mumapeji ekupedzisira ebhuku rake: โNhasi chero hutungamiriri huripo huri kuseri kwezviono, hunosimudzira nyonganyonga nenyonganyonga. Udzvinyiriri hunoshamisa hwanhasi chinhu chitsva, chisina zita rayo. Mu "sangano reruzivo," harina dzidziso yakajeka asi kuti imvura uye inowanzopokana seti yezvitendero zvinoparadzirwa neindasitiri yeruzivo. Uhu hudzvinyiriri hwenhau, uye zvakakosha kuti chiitiko chakakosha chehudzvanyiriri hwehurumende hachina chekuita nekupandukira kwechisimba asi kuziviswa kwerunyararo kwechokwadi icho veruzhinji vaisafanirwa kuziva. Achibatwa nevatungamiriri veUS seMuvengi Wekutanga, Julian Assange anga asiri kuvaka mabhomba kuti arwise Washington asi aingoburitsa ruzivo rwakakosha kuruzhinji.
Bhuku raJohnstone inyaya yekumutsa veruzhinji vanoverenga, asi kunyanya kune vatori venhau vechidiki vakagadzirira kushinga kudzvanyirira vezvenhau nyika inochengeta vanhu mukusaziva chokwadi chenyika.
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