Kukutentha, madzulo achinyezi achilimwe ku Brooklyn, mtundu womwe ungasunge anthu ambiri mkati ndikuphulika kwa air conditioner. Koma osati Isiah James.
Msilikali wamkulu wazaka 32 yemwe akuthamangira ku Congress ku New York 9th Chigawo, mkati mwa Brooklyn, akuyenda nane pansi pa Flatbush Avenue, akulankhula mtunda wa kilomita imodzi pamene akulozera ku chitukuko chapamwamba chomwe chaphuka pakati pa nyumba zazing'ono ndi mashopu ang'onoang'ono a m'dera la Prospect Heights.
“Zipindazi zinali zipinda za anthu osamukira ku Caribbean ku America,” akutero ndi mawu akuya, amphamvu, manja ake akusesa mphambano yokhala ndi ma cafe okwera mtengo komanso shopu yapamwamba ya donut. "Koma uku ndi kumunsi kwa Manhattan tsopano. Muli ndi mabanki aku Wall Street omwe akusamukira m'nyumba zomwe zimawononga $ 3,000. Anthu amene akhala pano moyo wawo wonse sangakwanitse.”
Amasiya kuyenda ndikuloza mumsewu, kudutsa bwalo la Barclays Center, bwalo lalikulu la timu ya basketball ya Brooklyn Nets. "Zizindikiro zinayi za gentrification zilipo: Pali Chipotle, pali Apple Store, pali Starbucks, ndipo pali Zakudya Zonse." Dera limeneli “silingathenso kugula anthu osauka. Ngati mulibe ndalama zogulira chakudya m’dera lanu, simungakwanitse kukhala kumeneko.”
The 9th Chigawo, monga zambiri za New York City ndi mizinda ikuluikulu m'dziko lonselo, zili pamavuto azovuta zanyumba. Theka lakumpoto la chigawochi, lomwe limaphatikizapo Prospect Heights, Crown Heights, ndi Prospect Lefferts Garden, nthawi ina kunali kwawo kwa anthu ogwira ntchito osamukira ku Caribbean komanso Ayuda achi Orthodox. M'zaka khumi zapitazi, nyumba za lendi zakwera kwambiri, ndipo chipinda chogona chimodzi chapakati m'maderawa chikuyenda pakati. $2,000- $2,500 pamwezi - kuposa theka la zomwe banja lapakati m'boma amapanga ndalama. Pakadali pano, mzindawu ndi boma zathira madola mamiliyoni mazana ambiri pakukula kwa Prospect Heights 'Pacific Park - komwe kumaphatikizapo Barclays Center ndi nyumba zapamwamba zozungulira.
Mu Januwale, James adayambitsa kampeni yake yotsutsana ndi Rep. Yvette Clarke, yemwe ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri komanso wopambana pa chitukuko cha Pacific Park, ku Democratic primary masika. James, wa demokalase wa demokalase, adzayeneranso kumenya Adem Bunkeddeko, yemwe adatayika pang'ono ndi Clarke mu 2018 atalandira kuvomerezedwa ndi New York Times, pavoti yopita patsogolo. (Alexander Hubbard, wogwira ntchito zaukadaulo, ndi Michael Hiller, loya waku Manhattan, alemba posachedwa ngati ofuna.)
Kuti athetse kukhumudwa kwa kalembedwe ka Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, James akufuna kumanga kampeni yoyambira pansi ndi yomwe ingakhale dongosolo lofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya Congress kuti atsimikizire nyumba zabwino, zotsika mtengo kwa anthu onse aku America. Clarke watenga ndalama zambiri zamabizinesi ku Amazon kuposa woimira wina aliyense wa New York City, ndipo Bunkedekko ali ndi ubale ndi omwe akuwononga malo. Koma James wati akhazikitsa lamulo loti azipereka ndalama zonse kwa akuluakulu a boma m’dziko muno akangolowa pa udindowu.
"Isiah James ali pafupi kwambiri ndi komwe kuli malo omenyera ufulu wa anthu m'boma," atero a Sam Molik, katswiri wodziwa kampeni yemwe amagwira ntchito ndi omwe akupita patsogolo. “Mnyamatayu amasamaladi za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu oyandikana nawo. … Umenewu ndi mulingo wa chisamaliro ndi kumvetsetsa komwe sikumawona kuchokera kwa anthu ambiri omwe akufunafuna maudindo.
Wobadwira ku Riviera Beach, Florida - tawuni ya anthu ogwira ntchito yomwe imatumikira anthu olemera a Palm Beach - Isiah James ndi m'modzi mwa ana 11 a makolo osamukira ku Jamaican. Sanaleredwe mwamwayi. "Tidalibe pokhala nthawi ina," adauza The Intercept. "Tinali osauka kwenikweni."
Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, James adalowa usilikali, akugwira ntchito maulendo atatu ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan. Anayamba kukayikira kukhalapo kwa America kunja kwa 2009. Mmodzi Juni tsiku, James adati, zigawenga za Sunni zidayendetsa galimoto yotaya katundu yomwe inali ndi zophulika zokwana mapaundi 3,000 kupita mu mzikiti wa Shia womwe unali wodzaza kumpoto kwa Iraq. Oyang'anira ake adatumizidwa kuti akayeretse zowonongeka. Iye anati: “Tinatha maola ambiri tikunyamula ziwalo za thupi n’kumayesa kufanana nazo. “Ndinali ndi zaka 22. Ndipo ndinati, ‘Kodi ndikuchita chiyani kuno?’”
Asanatulutsidwe m'gulu lankhondo, James ankamenyedwa ndi mabomba komanso mabomba ophulika maulendo 8. Anasiya ntchito ya usilikali atakongoletsedwa kwambiri koma movutikira kuyenda, kusokonezeka maganizo pambuyo pa zoopsa, ndi kusamva kosatha m’khutu lake lamanzere.
Atabwerera kwawo, James anatenga kaimidwe kolimba kolimbana ndi ulamuliro wa dziko la United States. "Tikuwononga nthawi 10 pa bomba ndi zipolopolo kuposa momwe timachitira m'mabuku ndi zikwama," adatero, ndikuwonjezera kuti, "Tili ndi maziko padziko lonse lapansi ... ndipo tikudziwa zomwe zimachitika ku maufumu. … Onse amalephera.”
Mu 2013, James adabwera kudera la Flatbush ku Brooklyn, komwe adakhalako adalandira digiri ya bachelor mu sayansi ya ndale kuchokera ku Brooklyn College pomwe akugwira ntchito ndi omenyera nkhondo ophunzira omwe akulimbana ndi kusintha kwa moyo waku koleji ndikukonzekera ndi magulu omenyera ufulu monga Make the Road New York ndi Democratic Socialists of America.
Mu Januware 2019, adapita ndi nthumwi za omwe akupita patsogolo omwe adakonzedwa ndi Indivisible Nation BK kukakumana ndi Clarke. Mayankho ake a mafunso okhudza Amazon adasokoneza James.
"Ndidafunsa chifukwa chomwe adasaina kalata yopempha Amazon kuti abwere kuno," adatero James, pofotokoza za 2017 kalata kuchokera ku Clarke ndi andale ambiri ku New York City akufunsa katswiriyu kuti amange likulu lawo lachiwiri mu mzindawu. Kalatayo inakhala boma mu 2018 pakati pa kulira kwa ndalama zokwana madola 2 biliyoni zoperekedwa kwa kampaniyo komanso nkhawa za kukwera kwa ndalama za nyumba. (Pokakamizidwa ndi okhala ku Queens, Amazon idasiya mgwirizano mu February.)
"Anandiuza kuti sakufuna kuti Amazon ibwere. Iye anati, ‘Osapita kukauza anthu kuti ndasaina kalikonse,’ anatero James. “Sindinakhulupirire. Mwina sakudziwa zomwe akusayina, kapena anandinamiza pamaso panga.” (Ofesi ya Clarke ikukana kuti ananena izi.) Pamene James anafotokozera mkazi wake za msonkhano usiku umenewo, iye anati akamenyane ndi Clarke pa pulaimale yotsatira. Pakutha kwa mwezi uja James anali atalengeza mwalamulo kuti wasankhidwa.
“Udziŵa, sindinkadziŵa kwenikweni mmene ndingachitire zimenezi,” James anandiuza za chosankha chake chothamangira. Koma zinthu zimene ndimaona tsiku lililonse m’chigawochi zinandikhutiritsa.
James, amene kufunafuna zovomerezeka kuchokera ku DSA (yomwe ine ndine membala), Justice Democrats, ndi Indivisible, ili ndi nsanja yomwe imaphatikizapo zinthu za demokalase za demokalase monga Green New Deal, Medicare for All, koleji yopanda maphunziro, yothetsa ICE, ndi zina zotero. Koma thabwa lake lapadera kwambiri likhoza kukhala lake nsanja ya nyumba.
Pulatifomu yake ili ndi zigawo zazikulu zitatu. Choyamba, akuyitanitsa boma kuti lipereke mabiliyoni a madola kuti azikhala otetezeka, okhala ndi nyumba zabwino, popereka ndalama zonse kwa akuluakulu aboma ngati New York City Housing Authority. Mabungwe oterowo akhala akudalira ndalama za federal - pafupifupi awiri mwa magawo atatu ya bajeti yoyendetsera ntchito ya NYCHA imachokera ku US Department of Housing and Urban Development, kapena HUD - koma yatsika pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo kuyambira ulamuliro wa Nixon, boma la federal layika a kutsika pakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zake kumanga zatsopano - m'malo molowa m'malo omwe analipo - nyumba za anthu (chimodzi mwazofunikira za James "tsiku loyamba" ndikukhazikitsa bilu yothetsa chiletsocho).
James akuwonetsanso nyumba yotsika mtengo yotchedwa community land trust. Ndi CLTs, okhalamo amakhala ndi nyumba zawo, koma boma kapena bungwe lopanda phindu ndilomwe limakhala ndi malowo. Anthu okhalamo amatha kugulitsa nyumba zawo, koma malinga ndi zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ndizotsika mtengo kwa eni eni eni ake. Mwanjira imeneyi, ma CLT amasunga nyumba zotsika mtengo zomwe zikadagulidwa ndi opanga zongoyerekeza, kuphwanyidwa, ndikulowetsedwa m'makondomu apamwamba - monga zakhalira ku Brooklyn konse.
Dongosolo lachiwiri la pulani ya nyumba ya James ndikukhazikitsa bili yomwe ingakhale yopanda chiwongola dzanja, ngongole za boma kwa ogula omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa. "Ankhondo akale amapeza ngongole zanyumba zopanda chiwongola dzanja kudzera mu pulogalamu ya ngongole yanyumba ya VA. Tikufunika pulogalamu ngati imeneyi yokwezera anthu ogwira ntchito komanso osauka omwe akugwira ntchito mdziko muno,” adatero James.
Phula lachitatu likupangitsa kuti HUD asiye kuwerengera ndalama zapakati, kapena AMI, kuwerengera. Kuyenerera kwa nyumba zambiri zotsika mtengo mdziko muno kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa AMI; mwachitsanzo, mayunitsi othandizidwa atha kupezeka kwa mabanja omwe amapanga 60 kapena 75 peresenti ya AMI. AMI imachokera ku dera lalikulu, kuphatikizapo madera osauka komanso madera olemera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ku New York City, komwe AMI yakhala metric wapakati pa Meya a Bill De Blasio. pulogalamu yopambana kumanga kapena kusunga mayunitsi 200,000 a nyumba zotsika mtengo, pali mayunitsi “otsika mtengo” operekedwa ndi boma okhala ndi renti yopitilira $3,000-pamwezi, omwe amapezeka kwa mabanja omwe amapeza ndalama zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ku Crown Heights, pali zipinda "zotsika mtengo" zomwe zimapita kwa mabanja omwe amapanga kuwirikiza kawiri ndalama zapakatikati.
Anthony Beckford, woimira City Council ku Brooklyn komanso purezidenti wa Black Lives Matter Brooklyn, ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhudza kampeni ya James. "Bunkedekko adalowa m'malo chaka chapitacho ndipo adalandira mavoti ambiri a Anti-Clarke ndipo anali ndi anthu ambiri akuyankhula," adatero The Intercept mu Twitter DM. "Tsopano, anthu ambiri m'derali akukamba za Isiah James, yemwe ndi Msilikali Wankhondo Wankhondo yemwe ali ndi utsogoleri, kuona mtima komanso kukhulupirika." Ananenanso kuti, “Monga Mtsogoleri wa Community, ndidakumana ndi Isiah James pamisonkhano ingapo komanso m’matauni ammudzimo, zokhudzana ndi nkhani zomwe anthu ammudzi amaziona kukhala zofunika kwambiri. Nkhanizi ndi Nyumba, Maphunziro, Kusamuka, Ntchito ndi Zaumoyo. Ineyo ndi anthu ena, timaona kuti Isiah ndi wodalirika kwambiri.”
Clarke, kumbali ina, akhala a ngwazi za chitukuko chotsutsana cha Pacific Park, chomwe chinapanga mutu m'nyengo yotenthayi chifukwa chokhala kumbuyo kumanga mazana a nyumba zotsika mtengo zomwe adalonjeza boma posinthana ndi kuchepetsa msonkho. Ndipo gawo la nyumba patsamba lake la kampeni likugogomezera gawo lake polimbana ndi zoyesayesa za a Trump kuti achepetse ndalama zogulira ma voucha otsika mtengo (ngakhale Clarke adauza The Intercept kuti akuganizira za malamulo atsopano othana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika AMI).
Ngakhale Clarke adathandizira ndalama zambiri zomwe zikupita patsogolo, monga Medicare for All ndi Green New Deal - ndipo anali wothandizira koyambirira kuthetseratu ICE - James akuganiza kuti sanachite ndewu mokwanira. "Adzakweza dzanja lake pa Green New Deal, koma tiyenera kutero kutsogolera pa zinthu izi. Clarke akupereka ndalama zotchulira ma positi ofesi."
"N'chifukwa chiyani a Rep. Clarke sanachitepo holo ya tauni m'nyumba iliyonse ya NYCHA m'chigawochi [panthawi yopuma ya Ogasiti]?" Adafunsa choncho James. James akuwonetsa kuti boma Sens. Julia Salazar ndi Zellnor Myrie, omwe akuimira Brooklyn, onse adaguba m'misewu kuti awonjezere chitetezo kwa alendi masika ano. “Kodi Yvette Clarke anali kuti pankhondo imeneyo? Chifukwa chiyani sanali kuguba ... akumenya ng'oma kunena, 'Kodi kuli chiani? Anali kusowa pochitapo kanthu.
“[Rep. Clarke] adzakweza dzanja lake pa Green New Deal, koma tikuyenera kutsogolera pazinthu izi. Clarke akupereka ndalama zotchulira ma positi ofesi."
Clarke, yemwe amayi ake adatumikira ku City Council, ndi membala wa Congressional Progressive Caucus ndipo akuimira imodzi mwa mipando yotetezeka kwambiri ya Democratic m'chigawochi kuyambira pamene anasankhidwa kukhala Congress mu 2006. za. Chakumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha maphunziro ake oyamba kumene, iye anali m’nkhani zankhani zakuti anali yekha m’kalasi lake la anthu 54 amene sanaperekebe bilu, kusintha, kapena chigamulo. Clarke watero kuthandiza kuti apereke Affordable Care Act chinali chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe adachita ku Congress.
Ndipo iye watero adalowa mazana masauzande a madola popereka kampeni kuchokera kumakampani azachuma, inshuwaransi, ndi malo ogulitsa nyumba, kuphatikiza kuchokera kwa Steven Roth, CEO wa Vornado Realty Trust, eni nyumba wamkulu wamakampani ku New York City. (Nditamufunsa James ngati adatenga zopereka kuchokera kwa eni nyumba, adayankha, ndi Twitter DM, "Hellllll no. Palibe senti imodzi. "James wangoyamba kumene kusonkhanitsa ndalama ndipo pakali pano ali pansi pa FEC ya $ 5,000 kuti afotokoze opereka ndalama. Akuyembekeza kuti zolemba zake zoyambirira zizipezeka poyera kotala lotsatira.)
Ndipo posachedwa mu Epulo uno, Clarke watenga madola masauzande ambiri kuchokera ku Amazon, malinga ndi Zithunzi za FEC. Kuyambira 2017, watenga ndalama zambiri ku PAC ya Amazon kuposa woimira wina aliyense ku New York City. Ndipo chaka chatha, wamkulu wa antchito a Clarke, LaDavia Drane, adagwirizana Amazon ngati wothandizira anthu, kuyang'ana pa Congressional Black Caucus.
"Bungwe lililonse lomwe limandipatsa zopereka limadziwa bwino maudindo omwe ndatenga," adatero Clarke atafunsidwa za zopereka zake za Amazon, pomutchula. chithandizo choyambirira pofuna kuthetsa ICE, yomwe imasunga mapangano ndi Amazon. "Ndipo ngati asankha kundithandiza kuti ndisankhidwenso - zili pa iwo," adawonjezera.
Monga James, Adem Bunkeddeko ikukana kutenga ndalama zamakampani a PAC ndipo imathandizira malingaliro okhumbira a nyumba monga ndalama za feduro zama trust land trust. Iye, monga James, nayenso ndi wachibale watsopano m’chigawochi, ndipo wakhala ku Crown Heights kwa zaka pafupifupi 10.
Nthawi yomweyo, Bunkeddeko adatsutsidwa ndi omenyera ufulu wamba chifukwa chothandizira masukulu a charter, ngakhale adandiuza kuti amakhulupirira kuti aphunzitsi awo akuyenera kugwirizanitsa. Mwana wina wa makolo othawa kwawo a ku Uganda ku Queens, Bunkeddeko adanena kuti adapita ku "sukulu zoipa kwambiri" asanalandire maphunziro kusukulu yapamwamba yogonera yomwe "idzasintha" moyo wake. Polankhula za masukulu ophunzirira - omwe kuli ambiri ku Brooklyn - Bunkeddeko adati, "Sindidzauza banja lakuda kapena losamuka kuti liletse ana awo mwayi uliwonse wamaphunziro abwino."
Ndipo kulumikizana kwa Bunkeddeko ndi omanga ku New York City kumakayikira kudzipereka kwake panyumba zotsika mtengo. Asanapite ku Harvard Business School, Bunkeddeko ankagwira ntchito ku Empire State Development Corporation, bungwe lazamalonda la boma la New York State. ESD yakhala ikuyambitsa zina mwazinthu zotsutsana kwambiri mumzindawu, kuphatikiza Pacific Park ndi likulu la Amazon lomwe lili ndi vuto la Queens. "Iye si kanthu koma Yvette Clarke mu mawonekedwe otsika kalori," James anati za Bunkeddeko.
Mu 2018, Bunkedekko adakoka masauzande ambiri kuchokera kwa eni ake akuluakulu aku New York. Kuzungulira uku, akuti "sakutenga kakobiri" kuchokera kwa "opanga nyumba zazikulu."
Ngakhale Bunkedekko akunena kuti "sakutengapo kanthu" kuchokera kwa "opanga nyumba zazikulu" pachisankho ichi, zowululira zandalama za kampeni zikuwonetsa kuti pa mpikisano wake wa 2018, adakokera madola masauzande ambiri kuchokera kwa opereka ndalama ngati Jerry Speyer, woyambitsa komanso wapampando wamakampani opanga malonda. Tishman Speyer, mwini nyumba wachitatu wamkulu kwambiri ku New York, ndi Ron Moelis, CEO ndi woyambitsa wopanga nyumba L+M komanso omenyera nyumba omwe amawatcha "gentrification mfumu ya New York City.” Moelis ndi m'modzi mwa omwe apindula kwambiri ndi mapulani a nyumba a De Blasio, Kupeza ndalama zokwana $119 miliyoni mu chindapusa cha otukula ndi thandizo la boma pomanga nyumba zapamwamba zokhala ndi chiwerengero cha mayunitsi otsika mtengo m'malo ogwirira ntchito.
Nditafunsa Bunkeddeko za zoperekazi, adandiuza kuti kampeni yake "siyenera kuilandira, ndipo tidabweza nthawi yomweyo," komanso kuti kampeni yake ya 2020 sidzavomereza ndalama zilizonse kuchokera ku malo ogulitsa nyumba. Zolemba za FEC zikuwonetsa kuti kampeniyi idangobweza chopereka chimodzi chogulitsa nyumba, ndipo ngakhale izi zidabwera patatha chaka chimodzi, pafupifupi miyezi itatu chisankho choyambirira cha 2018. Kampeniyo idabwezanso zopereka kuchokera kwa opereka ena asanu ndi mmodzi - kachiwiri, pambuyo pa chisankho - kuphatikiza woyambitsa nawo Home Depot ndi a Donald Trump wothandizira Kenneth Langone ndi woyimira masukulu a charter komanso wamkulu wa inshuwaransi yazaumoyo Joel Klein.
Ngakhale atachotsera ndalama zomwe zabwezedwa, ndalama zopitilira 25 peresenti yandalama za kampeni za Bunkeddeko mumpikisano wa 2018 zidachokera kumagulu azachuma, inshuwaransi, ndi malo. M'modzi mwa omwe adapereka ake atatu omwe adanenedwa mpaka pano akuchokera kugawo lazachuma.
Sizikudziwika ngati zopereka zotere zingathandize anthu amene adzakhale ovota. Bunkeddeko akuumirira kuti opereka awa alibe zotsatira pa ndondomeko kapena masomphenya ake. "Aliyense amene watipatsa cheke amatha kupita patsambali ndikuyang'ana papulatifomu ndi zomwe tinkayimira."
Julia Salazar, senator wa boma la Brooklyn komanso socialist wa demokalase, adati ngakhale "ndikoyenera kuthamanga osatenga ndalama zanyumba," ndikofunikira kuti ziwerengerozi ziziwoneka bwino: Bunkeddeko adatenga makumi-a-sauzande-a- madola osiyanasiyana, koma ntchito zomwe Clarke amapereka kuchokera ku malo ogulitsa nyumba zimaposa $170,000.
Richard S. Brookshire III, wogwirizira komanso woyambitsa nawo gulu la Black Veterans Project, sakufanana kwenikweni. "Akuluakulu osankhidwa ndi omwe akupikisana nawo paudindo wosankhidwa sanganene kuti akuyimira zosowa za anthu ogwira ntchito, omwe akuvutika kale kusunga nyumba zawo ndikulera ana awo m'boma lomwe likubedwa ndi opanga - ndikuvomera ndalama kuchokera kumagulu ankhanza omwewo. ndalama zoyendetsera zisankho, "adauza The Intercept.
"James amapereka nsanja yamakono komanso yofunikira," Brookshire anapitiriza. "NY-9 ikufunika womenya nkhondo mu ofesi, osati ofuna kugulitsa zomwe amalimbikitsa kwa omwe akufunafuna kwambiri."
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