Nkhani zofalitsa nkhani za nkhondo ya ku Iraq nthawi zambiri zakhala zikuwonetsa mavuto omwe alipo tsopano chifukwa cha kulephera kwa America kukwaniritsa zolinga zina zabwino kwambiri: kupondereza zigawenga zomwe zikuwopseza anthu aku Iraq ndikuwononga chuma; kuletsa ziwawa zowononga zachipembedzo zomwe zakhala gwero lalikulu lakupha anthu wamba; kumanga gulu lankhondo la Iraq lomwe lingakhazikitse ndikukhazikitsa malamulo ndi bata; kumanganso zida za magetsi ndi zimbudzi ndi zina zonse zomwe zidawonongeka mdziko muno; kulimbikitsa kupanga mafuta kuti dziko la Iraq liziyenda bwino pazachuma; kuchotsa chinthu chomwe chapangitsa umbava m'misewu kukhala ntchito yofala komanso yopindulitsa; ndikulera nyumba yamalamulo yosankhidwa yomwe ingathe kulamulira bwino. Kulephera kwa US, ndiye kuti, kukulephera kuletsa ndikusintha mphamvu zowononga pakati pa anthu aku Iraq.

Chithunzi chowoneka bwino ichi cha US ngati chiphokoso, ngakhale chimphona chosachita bwino chomwe chikulemedwa ndi mphamvu zosayembekezereka zomwe zikugawanitsa anthu aku Iraq sizolondola modabwitsa: Imfa zambiri, chiwonongeko, ndi kusokonekera m'dzikolo zakhala zikuyambira mwachindunji. zotsatira za zoyesayesa za US kuti akhazikitse mokakamiza kusintha kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kwinaku akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yayikulu kupondereza kukana ntchitoyi. Ndithudi, zigawenga, zachipembedzo jihadi, ndipo zigawenga zonse zapangitsa kuti mizinda ndi matauni aku Iraq agwere chipwirikiti, koma maudindo awo sakhala achiwiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala achangu. Injini yomanganso inali - ndipo imakhalabe - ntchito yotsogozedwa ndi US.

Kukonza Paipi ya Mafuta ku Al Fatah

Nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, timakhala ndi chithunzithunzi cha chowonadi chosadziwika ichi. Pa Epulo 25, a James Glanz a New York Times adapereka zenera labwino pakuyipa kwa mlandu waku US. Iye anafotokoza nkhani ya kuyesayesa kwa America kukonza payipi ya mafuta yosagwira ntchito ku Al Fatah, mudzi womwe uli pamtunda wa makilomita 130 kumpoto kwa Baghdad. Paipiyo idawonongeka koyambirira kwa nkhondoyo ndi kuwukira kwa ndege yaku America pamlatho wodutsa mtsinje wa Tigris pomwe idadutsa.

Ulamuliro wa Saddam Hussein utangogwa mu Epulo 2003, mapulani okonza mlathowo ndi kukhazikitsanso payipi. Kuyerekezera koyambirira kunasonyeza kuti “zikanawononga ndalama zokwana madola 5 miliyoni ndipo zingatenge miyezi yosakwana isanu kuti amangirire mapaipi kudutsa mlathowo ukangokonzedwa.” Poyamba, ndalama zokwana madola 75.7 miliyoni zinaperekedwa pa ntchito yokonza. Ntchito inayambika nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa akuluakulu a boma la America ankafunitsitsa kupeza ndalama zokwana madola 5 miliyoni patsiku kuti apeze ndalama zamafuta zomwe payipi yolumikizidwanso idalonjeza.

Nthawi yomweyo, mavuto adayamba kubwera - choyambirira kuchokera ku chisankho cha akuluakulu a ntchito kuti asakonze mlathowo. Zotsatira zake, KBR, nthambi ya Halliburton yomwe imayang'anira ntchitoyi, idakakamizika kufunafuna njira yatsopano yamapaipi kudutsa Tigris. Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto losayembekezerekali, ndalama zonse zokwana madola 75 miliyoni - zomwe zidakonzedweratu kuti zikonzenso mlatho ndi mapaipi - zidatumizidwa ku ntchito yopangira mapaipi okha. Komabe, a Robert Sanders a Army Corps of Engineers atafika kudzayendera ntchitoyo miyezi isanu ndi itatu pambuyo pake mu Julayi 2004, inali itadutsa kale miyezi iwiri itatha.

Zimene Sanders anapeza tsiku limenelo, malinga ndi Glanz, “zinkaoneka ngati maopaleshoni ena oopsa kwambiri odutsa pamtima apita koopsa kwambiri. Anthu ogwira ntchito m’sitimayo anabowola ngalande yaitali mamita 300 m’mbali mwa kabowo kakang’ono pofuna kuyesa kumasula ngalandeyo m’mphepete mwa mtsinje.” Woyang’anira ntchitoyo pambuyo pake anauza a Sanders kuti akudziwa kuti zimenezi sizingatheke, koma “analangizidwa ndi kampani yoyang’anira ntchitoyo kuti apitirizebe.” Chiŵerengerocho chinafika posakhalitsa: “Ntchitoyo itatentha ndalama zonse za $75.7 miliyoni zoperekedwa kwa iyo, ntchitoyo inaima.”

Sanders adapereka lipoti loyipa lofotokoza zomwe adazitcha "kunyalanyaza koyenera" ku KBR. Koma lipoti lake linangokhudza pang’ono chabe. Ngakhale KBR idalandidwa chindapusa cha bonasi pantchitoyi ndi a Army Corps of Engineers, palibe chomwe chidachitika kuti chibweze mamiliyoni omwe adawonongeka, kapena kukakamiza kampaniyo kumaliza ntchitoyi.

Mfundo zinayi zofunika zikutuluka munkhaniyi:

Choyamba, payipi yamafuta inawonongeka ndipo mlathowo unawonongedwa ndi asilikali a US. Kuukiraku kunalamulidwa pa April 3, 2003 ndi General T. Michael Moseley “kuti aletse adaniwo kuwoloka mlathowo.” Izi zinali zofananira ndi kuwonongeka kwazomwe zidachitika ku US ku Iraq. Pankhondo zoyambilira za kuwukira, ndiyeno pakusesa motsutsana ndi kukana kwa Iraqi atayamba kugwira ntchito, asitikali aku America adawononga kapena kuwononga misewu, milatho, kutumizira magetsi ndi malo opangira mafuta, mizere yonyansa ndi malo opangira madzi, nyumba zamalonda ndi mafakitale, ngakhale. mizikiti ndi zipatala. Ngakhale kukana kumalimbananso ndi zida zotere, makamaka mapaipi amafuta ndi njira zotumizira magetsi, mphamvu zake zowononga zakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi zomwe Airpower yaku America akhoza kukwaniritsa ndi mabomba 500 ndi 2000 mapaundi.

Chachiwiri, m’malo mongokonza zowonongekazo, dziko la United States linakonza ndondomeko yokonza mapaipi. Akuluakulu ogwira ntchito m'malo mwa pulani yoyamba yokonza mlatho ndi payipi ndi imodzi yomiza payipi yatsopano pamtsinje wa Tigris, m'kati mwake kukwera mtengo wokonzanso kuchoka pa $5 miliyoni kufika pa $75 miliyoni.

Lingaliro lanzeru ili likuwonetsa zazikulu American Project of economic Reform zomwe zidakhudza kugwetsa mabizinesi aku Iraq (kuphatikiza omwe akudziwa zambiri pantchito yokonza ngati iyi) ndikubweretsa chuma cha Iraqi padziko lonse lapansi. Zida zamakono ndi zomangamanga, zoyambitsidwa kulikonse ndi mabungwe ambiri aku America omwe ali ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana, ziyenera kusamalidwa ndi mabungwe omwewo. "Kutsegula" kwachuma kumeneku kunali kofunika kwambiri pa ndondomeko ya ntchito, ndipo L. Paul Bremer's Coalition Provisional Authority, yomwe ili m'nyumba zachifumu zakale za Saddam ku Green Zone ku Baghdad, inaika ndondomeko ndi mphamvu zambiri pa ntchitoyi. Ntchito zonse zomanganso zomwe zinapangidwa ndi $ 18 biliyoni Congress yomwe idapereka ntchitoyo (komanso ndi zomwe ndalama zamafuta aku Iraq zinalipo) zinali ndi cholinga ichi.

Chachitatu, kontrakitala adadziwiratu kuti ntchitoyi ikhoza kulephera. Ntchito yowoloka ya Al Fatah inali imodzi mwazambiri zomwe zidapangidwa popanda kupikisana ndi KBR, gulu lopezeka paliponse la Halliburton. Pokwaniritsa cholinga chake, akuluakulu a KBR akuwoneka kuti sananyalanyaze malipoti atatu aukadaulo ochenjeza "kuti zoyesayesazo zingalephereke ngati zitachitika momwe zidapangidwira." Kafukufuku wina pambuyo pake ndi a Woyang'anira Wapadera waku United States Womanganso Iraq anamaliza kuti: “[T] zovuta za nthaka zomwe zinachititsa kuti ntchitoyo izilephereke sizinali zodziwikiratu komanso zinanenedweratu.”

Ndiye chifukwa chiyani KBR idapitilira ndi pulani yotayika? Glanz sakuyankha funsoli, koma yankho likhoza kupezeka muzophatikiza ziwiri za mfundo zomanganso za US: kusowa kwa mpikisano wopikisana komanso kusadziletsa kwa makontrakitala. Popanda kutsatsa mpikisano, panali chilimbikitso chopereka malingaliro ndikuchita mitundu yolakalaka kwambiri komanso yokwera mtengo kwambiri ya projekiti iliyonse, ndikuchotsa phindu lobisika panthawi yake. Pamenepa, kuthetsedwa kwa ntchito yomanganso mlatho kunangowonjezera chilimbikitso chimenecho, popeza ndalama zomwe zidasungidwa m'mbuyomu tsopano zitha kuperekedwa ku bajeti yokonza mapaipi.

Mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito ndalama mopambanitsa ndi katangale nthawi zambiri ukhoza kutsatiridwa ndi kuyang'anira bwino. Koma ku Al Fatah, monga kwina kulikonse ku Iraq, palibe njira yoyang'anira ntchito yomanganso yomwe idakhazikitsidwa. Zotsatira zake, panalibe njira yoyendetsera makampani akunja, kuwalanga chifukwa cha kuchulukitsitsa kopanda chifukwa kapena kulephera kuchita mgwirizano monga momwe analonjezera (kupatulapo opanda mano, zolemba zakale kufufuza).

Zotsatira za dongosolo loyipa lochita mapangano loyipali tsopano likuwoneka ku Iraq konse, komwe zosayenera, zosakwanira, zosakwanira ngakhale zomwe sizinayambe (koma zolipiridwa) ndi gulu lankhondo; ndi komwe, muzochitika zilizonse, makontrakitala amalandila ndalama zapamwamba ngakhale zantchito yonyozeka kwambiri. Ofalitsa nkhani akamalengeza za milandu yotereyi, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kufotokozera ngati mantra kuti kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa chitetezo polimbana ndi zigawenga kumapangitsa inshuwaransi ndi ndalama zina kukhala zonyozeka kapena kuyimitsa ntchito ndipo momwemonso chinali gwero la zovuta zotere. Lipoti la Glanz, moyamikira, limaika malongosoledwe awa m’malo ake oyenerera: “Ngakhale kuti kulephereka kwa [kumanganso] kumachititsidwa ndi zigawenga zachiwembu, kupendedwa kwa ntchitoyi kumasonyeza kuti kupanga zosankha ndi kupha kovutirapo kwachitanso mbali zofunika mofananamo. ”

Zotsatira za chitsanzo ichi, chochulukidwa pa ntchito yonse yomanganso, ntchito zopindulitsa kwambiri zinali zolakalaka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zopindulitsa kwambiri ngati zitalephera kuposa ngati zitapambana.

Chachinayi, ntchitoyo sinathe ndipo mwina siinathe. Inspector Sanders adatumizidwa kuti akafufuze chifukwa KBR idachita zachiwembu pomaliza ntchitoyi. Anatsimikiza kuti ntchitoyi idzatheratu ndipo anthu amene ankayang’anirawo anavomereza kuti “anali malo olakwika oboola mopingasa.” Koma, panthaŵiyo, “ndalama zonse zinatha”; panalibe ndalama zotsalira kuti agwiritse ntchito njira yatsopano.

Izi zinali mu July 2004. Mu April 2006, pamene Glanz anapanga lipoti lake lofufuza, ntchito yatsopano inatumizidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito luso la mabungwe ena awiri ndi njira yochepetsetsa, yomwe komabe imayenera kuwononga $ 40 miliyoni kapena kuposerapo. Malinga ndi Mtsamunda Richard B. Jenkins, mkulu wa Gulu Lankhondo amene anali kuyang’anira tsopano, “inali ntchito yotsirizidwa,” koma mkulu wina wa kampani ya mafuta ku Iraqi North Oil Company anapempha kuti asagwirizane nazo. Ananenanso kuti palibe mafuta omwe adatumizidwabe kudzera m'mapaipi amenewo. Ngati ntchitoyo idamalizidwa, idakhalabe pachiwopsezo, ndithudi, kuti iukire nthawi yonseyi ndi zigawenga zomwe zinabweretsedwa ndi kulephera kwa mapulojekiti otere kuti apereke zinthu zofunika kwambiri pazachuma zamakono. Akuluakulu aku America tsopano akuvomereza kuti kuchuluka kwa kupanga "kudzachitika kokha ngati ma Iraqi angateteze payipi yonseyo" - zomwe, ndithudi, chitoliro (mzere) loto.

Mndandanda wanthawi ya Al Fatah - zaka zitatu ndikuwerengera kuti amalize ntchito yokonzekera bwino makampani aku Iraq mosakayikira akanatha miyezi ingapo - akuwonetsa momwe malo opangira mafuta mdziko muno "adamangidwanso" m'manja aku America. Kuukira kusanachitike, Iraq inali ikupanga migolo pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu yamafuta patsiku, mlingo wochepera kwambiri. Pokhapokha m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mwa makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera pomwe aku America adawukira pafupifupi tsiku lililonse wadutsa migolo iwiri miliyoni. Monga Al Fatah, ntchito zina zobwezeretsanso wolephereka, analephera, kapena anakhumudwitsidwa ndi chiwonongeko chatsopano.

Kuwonongeka Kowonongeka kwa Ntchito Zomanganso

Ngati zili choncho, zinthu zafika poipa kwambiri m'magawo ena a zomangamanga. Kudzipereka koyambirira kwa US $ 18 biliyoni pakumanganso kudakulitsidwa ndi ndalama zosadziwika zamafuta omwe adatsalira kuyambira nthawi ya Saddam ndipo mwina $5 biliyoni pazopeza zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zopereka ndi ngongole zochokera kumayiko ena. Chiwerengerochi chinali chocheperapo pakuyerekeza koyambirira kwa United Nations $ Biliyoni 56 Zikafunikanso kuti dzikolo liziyendanso bwino pambuyo pa kuwukira koyamba (komwe kunachitika pambuyo pa kuwonongeka komwe kunachitika mu 1991 Gulf War komanso zaka za zilango zowopsa zomwe zidatsatira), chiwerengero chomwe chidakula kwambiri pomwe kumenyana kunkapitilira komanso kuchepa kwa dziko linaonekera bwino.

Panalibe ndalama zokwanira zobwezeretsanso Iraq ku thanzi lazachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo ndalama zomwe zinalipo zidapita kumakampani omwe cholinga chake chinali kulanda ntchito yomanganso chilichonse chomwe chinali chofunikira. Choncho, n’zosadabwitsa kuti madera ena ogwirira ntchito anali oipitsitsa kuposa amafuta.

Mwachitsanzo, lipoti loyambirira la United Nations linanena kuti ndalama zokwana madola 12 biliyoni zingafunike kuti magetsi aku Iraq ayambenso kugwira ntchito. Komabe, zosakwanira $ Biliyoni 5.6 zomwe zidaperekedwa kuti zigwire ntchitoyi zidachepetsedwa pomwe $ 1.2 biliyoni idapatutsidwa ku 2004 kukaphunzitsa gulu lankhondo la Iraq. Mapulojekiti odzikuza komanso osasankhidwa bwino a magetsi ofanana ndi pulojekiti ya mapaipi amafuta a Al Fatah anali atayamba kale pamene ndalama zinayamba kukwera pamene kuyika kwa magetsi kunakhala chandamale cha omwe akutsutsa komanso aku America, aliyense akufuna kulanda mphamvu yofunikira. (Monga mafuta, chiwonongeko chochuluka chidachitika ndi ntchito: Pomwe zigawenga zidawononga mizere yotumizira anthu ndipo nthawi zina zimatha kuwononga malo osinthira, US idagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamlengalenga kuukira malo omwe ali mphamvu zotsutsa, kuwononga magetsi ku Falluja, Tal Afar, Ramadi, ndi mizinda ina.)

Zotsatira za ntchito yomanganso zidasokonezedwanso ndi katangale wamtundu womwewo komanso kusagwira ntchito bwino komwe kunadziwika ndi polojekiti ya Al Fatah. Kumayambiriro kwa 2006, mwachitsanzo, nduna yamagetsi yaku Iraq, Mohsen Shlash, inanena kuti “ntchito zina zimene zinkachitika zinali zongokwana gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a ndalama zimene zinawonongedwa.”

Zaka zitatu ndi madola mabiliyoni angapo pa ntchito yomanganso, mphamvu zopanga zida sizinali zazikulu kuposa zomwe zidachitika ku America koyamba, ndipo zomwe zidalipo zidalipo tsopano zikugawidwa ndi ntchito yayikulu. Mphamvu yamagetsi - pafupifupi mosalekeza ku Baghdad nkhondo isanachitike - idatsikira mpaka maola 2-6 patsiku pofika 2006; madera ena amakhala ndi ola limodzi patsiku. Mu Januwale 2006, Shlash adayerekeza kuti $20 miliyoni idzafunika kukonza makinawa, pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuyerekeza koyambirira. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, oyang'anira Bush adalengeza kuti padzakhala palibenso ndalama za US pomanganso malo opangira magetsi. Ndi nkhondo yomwe ikupitilirabe ikuwononga mphamvu zomwe zidalipo, izi zidalonjezanso kuchepa mphamvu zomwe nzika zaku Iraq zingapezeke.

Njira zaukhondo, zomwe zinali zosakwanira kale, zinawonongekanso ndi nkhondo. Apa kuwonongeka kunali pafupifupi chifukwa cha mphamvu ya ndege yaku America. Ngakhale kuti aku America, kapena kukana sikumalimbana ndi zinyalala, mabomba okwana mapaundi 2000 omwe US ​​​​amagwiritsa ntchito motsutsana ndi boma la Saddam, ndipo pambuyo pake polimbana ndi zigawenga, nthawi zina amagwetsa mizere yapansi panthaka, kutulutsa zimbudzi m'misewu, pansi pamadzi, ndi ziwiri za dzikolo. mitsinje ikuluikulu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi ndiponso chifukwa cha kupsyinjika koipitsitsa kwa zimbudzi, misewu ya m’mizinda yambiri yadzala ndi zinyalala zoika moyo pachiswe.

An $ 2.8 biliyoni yoyamba pakumanganso ndalama zomwe zidaperekedwa ku bungwe la Bechtel pakumanganso zimbudzi sizinali zokwanira kubwezeretsa dongosololi ndipo, monga m'malo ena, nawonso, adasokonekera chifukwa chosagwira ntchito komanso katangale pomwe dongosololi likupitilirabe kuwonongeka. Zonyansa zosakonzedwa zinawononga mitsinje ndi madzi apansi panthaka, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti njira zoyeretsera madzi zisakhale zogwira ntchito komanso kuopseza thanzi la anthu m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Tigris ndi Firate, ngakhale kumadera akumunsi kumene kunali kumenyana kwenikweni kochepa. Kumayambiriro kwa 2006, mkulu wa asilikali a US ku Iraq, Lt. Gen. Peter Chiarelli, anavomereza kuti “pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a dziko” ndiwo anali ndi “madzi akumwa.” Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, akuluakulu a boma la United States adalengeza kuti palibenso kuposa 40% za ntchito zoyengedwa zoyeretsa madzi zikamalizidwa, ndikuti palibenso ntchito zina zomwe zidzayambitsidwe.

The dongosolo laumoyo, yomwe kale inali yabwino kwambiri ku Middle East, inali kale kuvutika nkhondo isanayambe. Ngakhale zipatala zochepa zidawonongeka pakuukira koyambirira kwa America, komanso sizinakhazikitsidwenso pambuyo pa kugwa kwa ulamuliro wa Saddam. Chifukwa cha kukana, komabe, zipatala zina ndi malo othandizira m'mizinda yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chakhala chosagwira ntchito. Zida zankhondo zaku US ndi ndege cholinga chake chinali kuletsa omenyana ndi zigawenga kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala. Osamenyedwawo ankavutika ndi zida zowonongeka, kusowa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kuchoka kwa anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito, kuopa kugwidwa pakati pa mbali zina kapena kuthamangitsidwa ndi zigawenga zakuba.

Pakadali pano, "pulogalamu yofunikira kwambiri pazaumoyo," mgwirizano wa $ 243 miliyoni woperekedwa kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana. Malingaliro a kampani Parsons Corporation, inaonekera pamitu yankhani kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2006 pamene kufufuza kwa boma la United States kunapeza kuti zipatala 20 zokha mwa 150 zomwe zinakonzedwa kuti zithe kumalizidwa malinga ndi bajetiyo, komanso kuti “zothetsa vutoli sizinathe kupulumutsa dongosolo lonselo.” Parsons anavutika zilango zochepa, monga momwe mgwirizanowo unalili kale "unathetsedwa mwa mgwirizano, osati chifukwa" mu January 2006, ndi malo asanu ndi limodzi okha omwe anamalizidwa. Monga momwe zinakhalira, Parsons sanali pansi pa mgwirizano womaliza kuti amalize malo 14 okha omwe anali oyenerera kuti amalize: mgwirizano womwe unakambiranawo unangofuna kuti Parsons "yesani kuti amalize zipatala zina 14 pofika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April [2006] kenako n’kusiya ntchitoyo.”

Ponena za kudzipereka koyambirira kwa US $ 786 miliyoni pakumanganso njira zachipatala zaku Iraq, Baghdad's Medical City, imodzi mwazipatala zazikulu mdziko muno, zikuwoneka ngati zachilendo. Dr. Hammad Hussein adauza mtolankhani wodziyimira pawokha Dahr Jamail:

"Sindinawonepo chilichonse chomwe chikuwonetsa kumangidwanso kulikonse kupatula mitundu yathu yatsopano yapinki ndi buluu pano pomwe nyumba yathu ndi makwerero opulumukira adapakidwa utoto…. Chomwe chipatala chachikulu kwambiri ku Iraq chilibe ndi mankhwala. Ndidzakulemberani mankhwala ndipo pharmacy ilibe kuti apereke kwa wodwalayo. [Chipatalacho] chili ndi njinga za olumala, theka la ma lifts ndi osweka, ndipo achibale a odwala akukakamizika kugwira ntchito monga anamwino chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala.”

Kumayambiriro kwa 2006, Ammar al-Saffar, wachiwiri kwa Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Iraq, adauza World Bank kuti:

"Pazaka zinayi zikubwerazi, tikufuna $ 7 mpaka $ 8 biliyoni kuti timangenso. Izi sizikuphatikizanso bajeti yogwirira ntchito. ” Anachenjeza, komabe, kuti mabungwe aku Iraq okha sangathe kupereka ndalama ngati izi. "Tikuyang'ana apa ndi apo kuti tipeze zopereka zochokera kumayiko ena."

Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino chazomwe zikuchitika ku Iraq komanso zomwe zikuyembekezeka kubwera posachedwa zitha kupezeka pofotokoza za kazembe wodziwika bwino, wotchedwa "nyumba yachifumu ya George W" ndi okhala ku Baghdad, omwe US ​​​​ikumanga mkati mwa Green Zone ya likulu. Malinga ndi Nthawi za London, nyumba ya ndalama zokwana madola 592 miliyoni idzakhala “nyumba ya kazembe wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi,” ndipo idzakhala “nyumba zochititsa chidwi za kazembe ndi wachiwiri wake, zipinda zisanu ndi imodzi za akuluakulu akuluakulu, ndi maofesi akuluakulu awiri oti anthu 8,000 azigwirako ntchito. akunenedwa kuti ndi dziwe losambira lalikulu kwambiri ku Iraq, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi otsogola kwambiri, malo ochitira mafilimu, malo odyera opatsa zakudya zokometsera zochokera ku United States, mabwalo a tennis ndi Swish American Club kaamba ka maphwando amadzulo.”

Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito yomangayo ikangotha ​​chaka chamawa, ogwira ntchito ku kazembeyo atha kutsimikiziridwa kuti malowa, kukula kwa Vatican City, “idzakhala ndi zomera zakezake zopangira mphamvu ndi zamadzi,” zosagwirizana kotheratu ndi za Baghdad, motero zidzauteteza ku kuzimitsidwa ndi kuipitsa kumene anthu a ku Iraq akukhala mumzindawo akuvutika.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti akuluakulu aku America omwe akukonzekera kazembe wawo watsopano sakuyembekezera kukonzedwanso kwa chinthu chilichonse muzomangamanga zaku Iraq mtsogolomu.

Kuthetsa Iraq

Pamapeto pake kulephera kwa Al Fatah ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongedwa kwakukulu kwa Iraq. Pokhapokha pofika ku ambassy ya ku America (yomwe kumanga kwake kuli, mozizwitsa, pa nthawi), chitsanzocho chakhala chofanana ndi momwe mungayang'anire: Choyamba, asilikali a ku America anawononga kwambiri malo omwe alipo, omwe afowoketsedwa kale ndi machitidwe othandizira. Chachiwiri, kumangidwanso kosakwanira kunaperekedwa, ndikuperekedwa kumakampani akuluakulu akunja (kawirikawiri aku America) omwe samadziwa chilichonse chokhudza momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo (ndipo nthawi zambiri samasamala). Chachitatu, kumanganso kunasokonezedwa ndi kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa makontrakitala komanso katangale, komanso kuwonongeka kwa nkhondo yachigawenga yomwe ikuchitika. Chachinayi, ndalamazo zinatha, pamene mtengo womaliza ntchitoyo unakula kwambiri kuposa momwe ankaganizira poyamba. Potsirizira pake, chiwonongeko chopitirizabe chikulonjeza kuwononganso dongosolo lomwe lasokonezedwa kale.

Mu Januwale 2006, US idalengeza kuti padzakhala palibe magawidwe atsopano aku US zonse zomanganso Iraq. Mkulu wina waku US adauza a Nthawi za London:

"Kumanganso ku US kukufuna kumalizidwa [chaka chino]. Palibe amene amafuna kuti thandizo lakunja lipitirire mpaka kalekale, koma kuti akhazikitse zinthu zomwe chuma cha Iraq chingagwiritse ntchito kukonzanso ntchito zofunika kuti zitheke. ”

Pafunso loti a Iraqi atha kuthana ndi udindo watsopanowu, a Financial Times inanena kuti kutha kwa mafuta kunja kwabweretsa njala kale boma lofooka kwambiri komanso chuma chomwe chikufunika. Zotsatira zake, "zambiri zomwe boma zimagula ndizofunika kwakanthawi kochepa" ndipo "ndalama zochepa zapezeka zomanganso zothandizidwa ndi Iraqi."

Chithunzi chaulamuliro wa Bush ku Iraq ngati chimphona chogwedezeka, chodzazidwa ndi mphamvu zowononga pakati pa anthu aku Iraq, ndikunama koyipa. Kuyang'ana mozama pazomwe zili pansi kumasonyeza kuti ntchito ya ku America yokha yakhala yowononga kwambiri ku Iraq komanso gwero lachindunji kapena lomaliza la chiwawa chochuluka; kuti gulu lankhondo la ku America, pakufunafuna kwawo mwachangu kukana, likupangabe chiwonongeko chochuluka; ndikuti ntchito zomanganso zaku America - kudzera mu umbombo, katangale, ndi kusachita bwino - zangokulitsa vuto la zomangamanga.

Kukhalapo kwa America ku Iraq kukupitilizabe kukhala mphamvu yomanga.

Michael Schwartz, Pulofesa wa Sociology ndi Faculty Director wa Undergraduate College of Global Studies ku Stony Brook University, walemba zambiri pa zionetsero zotchuka ndi zigawenga, komanso zamalonda aku America ndi mphamvu za boma. Ntchito yake ku Iraq yawonekera pa intaneti zambiri, kuphatikizapo Tomdispatch, Asia Times, Mayi Jones, ndi ZNet; ndipo amasindikizidwa mu Contexts, Against the Current, ndi Z Magazine. Mabuku ake akuphatikizapo Radical Protest and Social Structure, and Social Policy ndi Conservative Agenda (yosinthidwa, ndi Clarence Lo). Adilesi yake ya imelo ndi Ms42@optonline.net.

[Nkhaniyi idawonekera koyamba Tomdispatch.com. Woyambitsa Pulogalamu ya American Empire Project ndi wolemba Mapeto a Chikhalidwe Chogonjetsa, mbiri ya kupambana kwa America mu Cold War, ndi buku lina, Masiku Otsiriza a Kusindikiza.]

---