BILL MOYERS: Takulandirani. Mphunzitsi wanzeru kwambiri nthawi ina anatiuza kuti, “Ngati mukufuna kusintha dziko, sinthani mafanizo.” Kenako anatipatsa zitsanzo zimene ankakonda kwambiri. Mukuganiza za chinenero mosiyana, iye anati, ngati mukuganiza za "mawu oyembekezera moto wakumwamba." Kapena “mawu olira ndi misozi olankhula.” N’zoona kuti mtima sumagawanikana n’kukhala zidutswazidutswa tikataya munthu amene timamukonda, koma “mtima wosweka” umasonyeza kuzama kwa imfa. Ndipo ngati ndinena kuti ndiwe “kamboni wa m’diso langa”, udziwa kuti ndiwe wapadera bwanji pamaso panga. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mafanizo amayeretsa lens ya kuzindikira ndikutipatsa malingaliro atsopano pa zenizeni. Mwanjira ina.
Posachedwapa ndinawerenga buku ndikuwona filimu yomwe inatsegula maso anga kuti ndiwone mosiyana ndi zovuta za nthawi yathu ino, ndipo fanizo logwiritsidwa ntchito ndi onse awiri linali, khulupirirani kapena ayi, Zombies. Munandimva bwino, Zombies. Zambiri pafilimuyo pambuyo pake, koma ili ndi buku: "Zombie Politics and Culture in the Age of Casino Capitalism". Lankhulani za "kulumikiza madontho" - werengani izi, ndipo mitu yamasiku ano, ndikuganiza, idzadzikonzekeretsa mosiyana m'mutu mwanu - kulumikiza pamodzi malingaliro ndi zochitika kuti muwulule ndondomeko. Woluka waluso ndi Henry Giroux, katswiri wamaphunziro, mphunzitsi komanso wotsutsa chikhalidwe cha anthu yemwe akuwoneka kuti ndi wamphamvu komanso wokonda zambiri. Nawa ochepa chabe mwa mabuku ake: Kuperewera kwa Maphunziro a America ndi Nkhondo pa Achinyamata, Twilight of the Social, Achinyamata M'gulu la Anthu Okayikira, Nkhondo ya Neoliberalism pa Maphunziro Apamwamba.
Henry Giroux ndi mwana wa makolo ogwira ntchito ku Rhode Island yemwe tsopano ali ndi Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies pa McMaster University ku Canada. Henry Giroux, mwalandiridwa.
HENRY GIROUX: Chisangalalo. Ndizosangalatsa kukhala pano.
BILL MOYERS: Pali changu chachikulu m'mabuku anu aposachedwa ndi zolemba zomwe mwakhala mukuzilemba pa intaneti, mwachangu kwambiri, ngati mukulemba ndi koloko ya tsiku lachiwonongeko. Kodi n'chiyani chimachititsa zimenezi?
HENRY GIROUX: Chabwino, kwa ine demokalase ndiyofunika kwambiri kulola kuti iwonongeke m'njira yomwe bungwe lililonse lofunikira lomwe limafunikira kuyambira ndale kupita kusukulu mpaka kusalingana komwe, mpaka ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa mu ndale, ndikutanthauza, onsewo. zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa demokalase kukhala yotheka zili pamavuto.
Ndipo vuto ndilo vuto, pamene tikuzindikira kuti m'njira zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi ndondomeko ya zachuma, zomwe sitinazipezebe ndikuti ziyenera kutsagana ndi vuto la malingaliro, kuti nkhani zomwe zikunenedwa za demokalase ndizo. kwenikweni za kubera kwa kukwaniritsidwa.
Kubera kwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa zomwe akuluakulu olamulira mumitundu yawo yonse akuuza anthu aku America ngati si dziko lonse lapansi ndikuti demokalase ndiyopitilira muyeso. Zilibenso kanthu, kuti sitifunikira zofunikira pazagulu, sitifunikira chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuti kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri ndizomwe zili zofunika, kuti kwenikweni anthu ayenera kutsanzira zikhalidwezo m'njira zomwe zimalimbikitsa nkhani yatsopano.
Ndikutanthauza kuti muli ndi kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, osati mu mphamvu zake zolamulira chuma ndi kuyendetsa chuma ndikugawanso chuma mmwamba, koma makamaka kuti apereke tanthauzo lachinyengo kwambiri la zomwe demokalase iyenera kukhala.
Ndikutanthauza, lingaliro lakuti kupanga phindu ndiye gwero la demokalase, lingaliro lakuti chuma chalekanitsidwa ndi makhalidwe abwino, lingaliro lakuti udindo wokha wokhala nzika ndiyo kugula, lingaliro lakuti dziko lachitukuko ndilo vuto, kuti mtundu uliwonse wa kudalira kwenikweni. ndizonyansa ndipo ziyenera kuwukiridwa, ndikutanthauza, izi ndi malingaliro oyipa.
BILL MOYERS: Kodi tatsala pang'ono kufananiza demokalase ndi capitalism?
HENRY GIROUX: O, ndikutanthauza, ndikuganiza kuti ndilo bodza lalikulu kwambiri. Bodza lalikulu kuposa zonse ndikuti capitalism ndi demokalase. Tilibe njira yomvetsetsa demokalase kunja kwa msika, monganso sitikumvetsetsa momwe tingamvetsetse ufulu kunja kwa msika.
BILL MOYERS: Fotokozani zimenezo. Mukutanthauza chiyani "kunja kwamitengo ya msika?"
HENRY GIROUX: Ndikutanthauza mukudziwa, pamene Margaret Thatcher anakwatira Ronald Reagan–
BILL MOYERS: Mophiphiritsa?
HENRY GIROUX: Mophiphiritsira. Zinthu ziwiri zinachitika. 1) Panali kuganiza kuti boma linali loipa pokhapokha litakhazikitsa mphamvu zake kuti lipindulitse olemera. Ndiye sinali nkhani yophwanya boma monga momwe Reagan amanenera, inali nkhani yokonzanso ndikukonzanso kuti ithandize olemera, olemekezeka ndi makampani, inde mukudziwa, omwe amayendetsa ma mega corporation. . Koma Thatcher ananena chinthu chinanso chomwe chili chosangalatsa kwambiri pa zokambiranazi.
Anati palibe chinthu ngati gulu. Pali anthu ndi mabanja okha. Ndipo kotero zomwe timayamba kuziwona ndikutuluka kwa mtundu wa chikhalidwe, kupulumuka kwa makhalidwe abwino kwambiri omwe amavomereza mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri ya nkhanza, zomwe zimawoneka kuti zikusonyeza kuti ufulu mu nkhani iyi yochotsa anthu, kuchotsa chiwawa. chikhalidwe- nkhani imeneyo kwenikweni ndi yongofuna kudzikonda, kuti kukhala ndi munthu payekha ndiye ukoma wokhawo womwe ukufunika. Chifukwa chake ufulu, womwe ndi wofunikira pamalingaliro aliwonse ademokalase, tsopano ukungokhala chabe nkhani yongofuna zofuna zanu. Palibe anthu amene angapulumuke m’mikhalidwe yoteroyo.
BILL MOYERS: Ndiye kodi gulu ndi chiyani? Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ngati zotsutsana ndi zomwe Margaret Thatcher adanena, mumaganiza chiyani? Fanizo la chiyani—
HENRY GIROUX: Ndili ndi malingaliro a anthu omwe chuma chimagawidwa, momwe muli mauna a mabungwe omwe amakhazikika mu mgwirizano wa chikhalidwe cha anthu, omwe amalingalira mozama maudindo omwe anthu ali nawo kwa wina ndi mzake. Koma koposa china chilichonse- Pepani, koma ndikufuna kunena zomwe FDR idanenapo kale,
Pamene adanena izi, mukudziwa, simuyenera kukhala ndi ufulu waumwini ndi ufulu wandale, ufulu wovota ufulu wolankhula, muyenera kukhala ndi ufulu wa anthu. Muyenera kukhala ndi ufulu ku zosowa, ufulu ku umphawi, ufulu ku- zomwe zimabwera ndi kusowa kwa chithandizo chamankhwala.
Kupita patsogolo sikungakhale cholinga chokhacho chomwe chimalimbikitsa anthu. Muyenera kulingalira momwe moyo wabwino ulili. Koma bungwe, kuthekera kochita izi, kukhala ndi kuthekera kotha kupanga zisankho ndikuphunzira kulamulira osati kungolamuliridwa-
BILL MOYERS: Monga nzika.
HENRY GIROUX: Monga nzika.
BILL MOYERS: Nzika ndi munthu wamakhalidwe abwino -
HENRY GIROUX: Nzika ndi ndale ndi makhalidwe amene ali ndi chiyembekezo ndi udindo kwa ena osati kwa iye yekha. Pansi pa dongosolo lino, demokalase kwenikweni ili ngati lotto. Mukudziwa, lowetsani, mumayikamo ndalama, ndipo ngati muli ndi mwayi, mumapambana. Ngati inu simutero, ndiye inu mumakhala chinachakenso.
BILL MOYERS: Ndiye chifukwa chiyani ndikakamba za kufulumira kwa kulemba kwanu, bukhu lanu likubwera likuyamba ndi chiganizo ichi, "America akutsikira mu misala." Tsopano, kodi inu simukuganiza kuti anthu ambiri angawerenge izo ngati mafanizo okokomeza?
HENRY GIROUX: Nthawi zina mukukokomeza pali zowona zazikulu. Ndipo zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti zomwe zili zachisoni apa sizokokomeza.
BILL MOYERS: Eya, misala ingatanthauze zinthu zingapo. Angatanthauze misala. Angatanthauze misala. Koma izo zikhoza kutanthauzanso kupusa, kupusa, inu mukudziwa, yang'anani pa misala kumeneko. Mukutanthauza chiyani?
HENRY GIROUX: Ndikutanthauza, sikuti ndi zopusa chabe. Ndi za mtundu wamisala momwe anthu amadzitaya okha m'lingaliro la mphamvu ndi umbombo ndi kusakondana ndi dziko m'njira zomwe zimasokoneza tanthauzo la demokalase ndi tanthauzo la chilungamo kotero kuti muyenera kukhala pansi ndikudzifunsa momwe izi zingakhalire, mwachitsanzo, chichitike?
Kodi anthu omwe amati amakhulupirira demokalase ndi American Congress akanadula bwanji $40 biliyoni kuchokera pa pulogalamu ya sitampu ya chakudya, theka la masitampu a chakudya amenewo amapita kwa ana? Ndipo mumadzifunsa kuti zingachitike bwanji? Ndikutanthauza, munganene bwanji kuti ayi ku pulogalamu ya Medicaid yomwe ili kutali kwambiri koma nthawi yomweyo imapatsa anthu osauka ubwino wathanzi womwe ungapulumutse miyoyo yawo?
Mumatseka bwanji masukulu aboma nkunena kuti masukulu obwereketsa komanso masukulu a private ndi abwino chifukwa maphunziro siubwino, ndi ufulu? Mumapeza bwanji nkhani yolamulira dziko yomwe ikuwoneka kuti ikuwonetsa kuti chilichonse pagulu, thanzi la anthu, zoyendera za anthu onse, zomwe anthu amayendera, mukudziwa, kuchita nawo anthu ndi vuto?
BILL MOYERS: Ndiyankhe mbali inayo. Angakuuzeni kuti timadula masitampu a Medicaid kapena chakudya chifukwa amapanga kudalira. Tidatseka masukulu aboma chifukwa sakugwira ntchito, sakuphunzitsa. Anthu akutuluka osakonzekera moyo.
HENRY GIROUX: Ayi, ayi, ndi yankho lomwe amapereka. Ndikutanthauza, ndipo ndi chizindikiro cha misala yawo. Ndikutanthauza, ndilo yankho lomwe m'maganizo mwanga muli mtundu wa psychosis womwe udasudzulidwa - ndikukana mphamvu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndipo akukana kuyesayesa kwawo pa zomwe ndimatcha kuti munthu payekhapayekha, mwa kuyankhula kwina. -
BILL MOYERS: Payekha?
HENRY GIROUX: Khazikitsani chikhalidwe cha anthu, kutanthauza kuti mavuto onse, ngati alipo, amakhala pamapewa a anthu.
BILL MOYERS: Muli ndi udindo.
HENRY GIROUX: Muli ndi udindo.
BILL MOYERS: Ngati ndinu wosauka, muli ndi udindo ngati simukudziwa, muli ndi udindo ngati—
HENRY GIROUX: Ndendende.
BILL MOYERS: -iwe ukudwala?
HENRY GIROUX: Ndiko kulondola, kuti boma- dongosolo lalikulu la chikhalidwe cha anthu, anthu alibe udindo uliwonse kotero kuti- nthawi zambiri mumamva izi, ndikutanthauza, ngati pali-ndikutanthauza, ngati muli ndi vuto lachuma chifukwa cha chinyengo cha hedge fund, inu. mukudziwa ndipo anthu mamiliyoni ambiri achotsedwa ntchito ndipo onse ali pamzere chifukwa cha ulova, kodi timamva chiyani m'manyuzipepala adziko lonse? Timamva kuti mwina sakudziwa kulemba mafomu a ulova, mwina ndi za khalidwe. Mukudziwa, mwina ndi aulesi chabe.
BILL MOYERS: Mzerewu unandikhudza ine, "Lingaliro la kuuma ndi nkhanza limadutsa mu chikhalidwe cha ku America ngati mphamvu yamagetsi ..."
HENRY GIROUX: Inde, zimaterodi. Ndikutanthauza, kuwona anthu osauka, phindu lawo likudulidwa, kuwona penshoni za Amereka omwe agwira ntchito monga atate wanga, moyo wawo wonse, ndikutengedwa, kuwona olemera akungodziunjikira chuma chochulukirapo.
Ndikutanthauza, zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti payenera kukhala pomwe muyenera kunena, "Ayi, izi ziyenera kuyima." Sitingalolenso kutsogozedwa ndi mabodza amenewo. Sitingathe kulola olemera, omwe ali ndi mwayi, omwe ali ndi ufulu, omwe amasonkhanitsa chuma kuti angothaŵa kuthawa udindo wa chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe ndi ndale poimba mlandu anthu omwe akuzunzidwa ndi ndondomekozo monga gwero la mavutowo. .
BILL MOYERS: Pali chowonadi chatsopano chomwe mukulemba chomwe chikubwera ku America pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha zoulutsira mawu, chomwe chimakhazikitsa ndale za kutaya zinthu momwe anthu ochulukirachulukira amawonedwa kuti ndi osowa komanso owononga ndale komanso zachuma, osatchulanso inu. kunena kunyoza malingaliro a olemera ndi amphamvu.
HENRY GIROUX: Ngati wina anena kwa ine- ndifunseni funso, "Kodi chatsopano ndi chiyani chomwe sitinachiwonepo?" Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti zomwe sitinaziwonepo m'mbuyomu ndikuwukira kwa mgwirizano wamagulu, Bill, komwe kuli kokulirapo, kowopsa momwe akumangidwira ndikuphwasuka kotero kuti tsopano muli ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri. mbadwo wonse wa achinyamata omwe tsopano akuwoneka ngati otayidwa.
Ali ndi ngongole, alibe ntchito. Mnzanga, Zygmunt Bauman, amawatcha kuti ziro generation: zero jobs, zero hope, zero zotheka, zero job. Ndipo zikuwoneka kwa ine pamene dziko likutembenukira kwa achinyamata ake chifukwa amapeza ndalama zomwe sizimasungitsa nthawi yayitali, sangatengedwe ngati zinthu zomwe zimangopereka ndalama zobweza pompopompo ndikuwonjezera malire. , amaimira chinthu cholemekezeka kwambiri kuposa chimenecho. Zimayimira chisonyezero cha momwe tsogolo silingatsanzire masiku ano komanso zomwe anthu angakhale nazo, chikhalidwe, ndale, makhalidwe ndi zina kuti izi zitheke, ndipo sitinagwirizane nazo.
BILL MOYERS: Mumachitchadi—pali mutu wa bukhu lakuti, “America’s Education Deficit and the War on Youth.”
HENRY GIROUX: O, iyi ndi nkhondo. Ndi nkhondo yomwe imagulitsa ana mosalekeza, monga zinthu zamtengo wapatali komanso ngati zogula.
BILL MOYERS: Chitsanzo?
HENRY GIROUX: Chitsanzo poti achinyamata sangatembenukire kulikonse popanda kuuzidwa mwanjira ina kuti udindo wokhala nzika ndiyo kugula, kukhala wogula. Simungathe kuyenda
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