Mu 2012, Venezuela ikupita patsogolo Lamulo la Ntchito zatsala pang'ono kuperekedwa ku National Assembly. Popeza kuti lamuloli linakhazikitsidwa pofuna kukulitsa ufulu wa ogwira ntchito mโmadera angapo, zimenezi zinachititsa kuti anthu a mโdzikolo akhale tcheru. Eni fakitale anayamba kusokoneza kupanga ndi kutseka zomera. Izi, zomwe zidayika ogwira ntchito ndi eni mkangano wowonekera, zidakhudza dziko lonselo, koma zinali zowopsa kwambiri m'mafakitale a Guayana m'boma la Bolรญvar.
Pambuyo pa nkhondo zambiri zazitali, ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale ena adalandira mphamvu za zomera monga momwe adayankhira ndi nkhani ya Labor Law 149. Apa tikumva nkhani za mafakitale a Equipetrol ndi Calderys ku Puerto Ordaz (Bolรญvar State). Anthu omwe amayendetsa mafakitalewa amatiuza za kumenyera kwawo kuwongolera ogwira ntchito komanso zopinga zomwe adayenera kuthana nazo kuti mbewu zisamagwire ntchito panthawi yotsekereza, pomwe akufotokoza kufunika kolowa m'malo.
Zithunzi za Calderys
Kuyambira 1964 Calderys yakhala ikupanga zinthu zokanira: njerwa ndi mapanelo osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwa ng'anjo zophulika ndi mafakitale ena olemera. Kwa nthawi yayitali inali ya bungwe la French transnational corporation. Komabe, potsatira kuwonongeka komwe eni ake adachita pambuyo pa Lamulo la Ntchito, ogwira ntchito ku Calderys adayang'anira ntchito mu 2016. Masiku ano, chomera cha Calderys chikuyendetsedwa ndi demokalase ndi antchito makumi atatu odziwa zambiri komanso odzipereka.
MBIRI YA KUTENGA
Josรฉ Guerra: Lamulo la Ntchito la Chรกvez linayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kupanga kwa eni ake. Zinali kuyesayesa kogwirizana ndi gulu la capitalist kuti boma ligwade ndikubweza lamuloli.
Lamulo latsopano la Ntchito lidakwezedwa mu Meyi 2012, ndipo pofika Okutobala, eni ake a Calderys anali atasiya kulipira, ponena kuti ndalamazo zinali zolakwika mu akaunti yakubanki ya kampaniyo. Tidayamba kutsatira ndalama zamabizinesi, ndipo tidapeza mwachangu zinthu zina zopanda pake. Kampaniyo inali kugula [kampani yamafuta aboma] PDVSA ma bond ndi phindu lake. Kenako adasinthana ma bond ndi ma US dollars omwe adayika kunja. Inali ndondomeko yoyendetsera ndege.
Tinakasuma kukhoti ndipo pamapeto pake mabwanawo anatilipira ngongoleyo. Anachita izi pogulitsa katundu wa Calderys. Kenako zinaonekeratu bwino kwambiri kwa ife kuti kampaniyo inalibe vuto lenileni la kubweza ngongole: tinali kupanga magalimoto odzaza magalimoto makumi atatu mwezi uliwonse, ndipo ndi katundu umodzi wokha mabwana ankatha kulipira ngongole zonse ndi kubweza malipiro!
Pambuyo pake, mu 2013, tidamva kuti Calderys France, kampani ya makolo, ikutseka ntchito ku Venezuela ndipo itithamangitsa tonse. Pofika nthawi imeneyo tinali titamvetsetsa bwino za ndondomeko zawo zogwirira ntchito ndi zachuma. Conco, pa msonkhano wa anchito, tinaganiza kuti sitingalole. Uku sikunali kutaya ndalama, kunali kuwononga chabe! Ndipo panali zolinga zandale zomveka bwino zomwe zidayambitsa ntchitoyi.
Abimael Velรกsquez: Pamene Calderys France idatilamula kuti titseke chomeracho, tidafufuza kaye njira yoyendetsera dziko. Kupanga kwa Calderys ndikwabwino kwa mafakitale oyambira ku Guayana, chifukwa chake payenera kukhala chidwi choti fakitale ikugwira ntchito. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi chakuti CVGPurezidenti wa [boma la Corporation of Guayana] adati kupititsa patsogolo dziko si njira yabwino. Panthawiyo, tinkakayikira kuti pakhoza kukhala zokambirana ndi mabwana, omwe amafuna kutseka sitolo uku akusunga umwini wa fakitale.
Pamene zonsezi zinali kuchitika, tinaganiza zokhala tcheru: tinaika mlonda wa maola 24 ndikusinthana kuteteza mbewuyo. Nkhawa yathu yaikulu inali yoti mabwanawo agwetse fakitale, monga anachitira kale kwina.
Josรฉ Guerra: Pofika mโchaka cha 2014, ogwira ntchito pafakitale yapafupi ndi Equipetrol anali atachitapo kale njira zowongolera ogwira ntchito. Iwo adachita izi mothandizidwa ndi a Jesรบs Martรญnez, yemwe panthawiyo anali nduna ya zantchito, komanso podandaulira ku nkhani 149 ya Lamulo Latsopano Lantchito, yomwe imalola ogwira ntchito kuwongolera fakitale mabwana akalumpha chombo.
Pomaliza tinakwanitsa kuwongolera bizinesi pano. Choyambirira chomwe tidachita ndikuwunika bwino chomeracho ndi cholinga choyambitsanso kupanga. Zinthu sizinali zophweka, chifukwa mabwanawo adakwanitsa kuchotsa zingwe zomwe zidapatsa mphamvu makinawo. Komabe, panali antchito kuno omwe anali ndi zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi atatu, choncho tinatha kuthetsa mavuto ambiri.
Tili ndi zida ndi chingwe chomwe tinkafunikira kuti tiyambitsenso fakitale kuchokera ku Carbonorca [ndondomeko ya boma ya anode], Indorca [Fakitale yopangira zitsulo zoyendetsedwa ndi antchito], ndi mabizinesi ena. Umu ndi m'mene ife reactivated mbewu. 2015 mpaka 2018 zinali zaka zabwino kwambiri kwa Calderys: tinali kuyendetsa fakitale mwademokalase, ndipo tinali kulandira makontrakitala kuchokera kumafakitale oyambira.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti zinali zosavuta. Tidakumana ndi zovuta zambiri chifukwa cha zomwe tidachita ngati bizinesi yoyendetsedwa ndi antchito. Makamaka zopinga zoyang'anira zomwe zidachokera ku CVG bureaucracy, kasitomala wathu wachilengedwe. Komabe, ogwirizana mโboma anatithandiza kuthetsa mavuto ameneลตa. Komabe, chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 2018 zinthu zidayamba kukulirakulira: zovuta, zilango, ma fiefdoms mkati mwa CVG, ndipo, pambuyo pake, mliri, zonse zidagwirizana kuti tiimitse.
DEMOKRASI YA NTCHITO NDI MAPHUNZIRO Andale
Abimael Velรกsquez: Mufakitale yoyendetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito, demokalase imakhala imodzi mwazambiri zabizinesi, koma mzimu wademokalase sumangowoneka mufakitale yomwe yayendetsedwa ndi bungwe la transnational kwazaka zambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake yunivesite ya Jesรบs Rivero Bolivarian Workers University [UBTJR, m'mawu ake oyambirira mu Chisipanishi] inakhala yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yathu.
Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 2015 UBTJR inatsogolera zokambirana za ndale ndi maphunziro aukadaulo m'mabizinesi osiyanasiyana oyendetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito komanso omwe ali ndi anthu. Anateronso pano. Tinalinso ndi malo okhazikika oti tiganizire za chikhalidwe cha anthu ogwira ntchito, ndikuyankhula za socialism, ulamuliro wa ogwira ntchito, ndi kayendetsedwe ka demokarasi.
Josรฉ Guerra: Mafakitole oyendetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito monga Calderys amayendetsedwa mwademokalase. Pali gulu la anthu atatu loyang'anira, koma zosankha zonse zofunika zimatengedwa pamsonkhano wa ogwira ntchito momwe mavoti onse amawerengera mofanana.
Pano, ku Calderys, tonse timagwira ntchito m'fakitale, tonse timaphika ndikudya chakudya chamasana pamodzi, ndipo mabuku ndi otsegulidwa kuti awonedwe. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, palibe zinsinsi!
Izi ndi zaka pang'ono kutali ndi njira zowongolera eni ake akale. Mabwana a capitalist adasunga chinsinsi chamakampani, ndipo adapanga machitidwe okayikitsa opanga kuti achepetseko. Adayendetsa ntchito yosawoneka bwino kotero kuti kampaniyo - ikupanga pamlingo waukulu - ikhoza kunena kuti yasokonekera!
Izi zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi Calderys kukhala bizinesi yodalira. Kampani ya makolo a Calderys inali ku France ndipo mabwana akumeneko analibe kudzipereka ku Venezuela kapena kwa ogwira ntchito. Ndalamazo zidasinthidwa kukhala madola aku US kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera ndege.
KU LIMBO
Josรฉ Guerra: Calderys ali mkati mwa kuyambiranso. Posachedwapa Masamba [Boma lazitsulo] linatipatsa mgwirizano ndipo nyumbayi ikugwira ntchito, koma vuto lina labwera. Monga fakitale yoyendetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito, Unduna wa Zantchito uyenera kukonzanso chaka ndi chaka Ndime 149 - yomwe imatipatsa ulamuliro pamakampaniwo. Tsoka ilo, undunawu sunaupangenso. Mafakitole apafupi a Indorca ndi Equipetrol ali m'bwato lomwelo.
Izi zimabweretsa mavuto kwa ife posachedwa. Choyamba, pali makampani monga PDVSA omwe amafunika kuwona kuti bizinesi yathu ili pazamalamulo komanso oyang'anira tisanasaine mgwirizano. M'malo mwake, tataya ntchito zazikulu zingapo chifukwa uminisitala sunatipatsenso nkhani 149.
Kenako, pali kusatsimikizika ndi kusatsimikizika komwe kumabweretsa kwa ife kusakonzanso kwa Article 149. Timadzifunsa kuti: Kodi uku kuchedwa kwa kayendetsedwe kake? Ngati ndi choncho, n'chifukwa chiyani wailesi ili chete? Kodi gulu lina lamphamvu likufuna kutenga ulamuliro pafakitale ndikupereka kwa mabwana akale kapena zofuna za capitalist?
Tsoka ilo, mantha awa samangoganizira chabe. Abale ndi alongo athu ku CE Minerales [fakitale yopanga aluminiyamu] ali mkati movutikira kuti ayambenso kulamulira fakitale: miyezi ingapo yapitayo gulu lankhondo lakunja linakhazikitsidwa ndi Unduna wa Zantchito. Tsopano chomeracho chikuyendetsedwa ngati bizinesi yakale ya capitalist!
KULIMBITSA NDI KUCHITIKA KWA NTCHITO
Abimael Velรกsquez: Calderys inali yogwira ntchito mpaka 2018. Pa nthawi imeneyo kupanga kunatsala pang'ono kutha: tinali ndi malamulo ochepa kwambiri. Kenako panabwera mliri, womwe unali udzu womaliza. Tsopano, komabe, malamulo ena ayamba kulowa. Chiyembekezo chathu ndi chakuti, pamene mafakitale oyambira ayambanso kuyambiranso, adzatembenukira kwa ife kaamba ka makontrakitala.
Josรฉ Guerra: Pano, ku Calderys, tili ndi mwayi umodzi zikafika pa blockade: tili ndi nkhokwe yazinthu zopangira. Tilinso ndi mizere yathu yopanga ikugwira ntchito pa 70% ya zomwe zidayikidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti titha kukhala tikupanga matani 20 sauzande azinthu zokanira pachaka ngati maoda abwera.
Kuti tithane ndi zovuta za kutsekeka, tiyenera kulimbikitsa kupanga dziko lino, kuyambira m'magawo apulaimale mpaka apamwamba. Tidachita kafukufuku wokhudza mtengo wopangira zida zosinthira, ndipo zidapezeka kuti kupanga ku Venezuela [chifukwa cha zinthu zapafupi ndi magetsi otsika mtengo] kumachepetsa mitengo. Timakayikira kuti izi ndi zoona m'nthambi zonse zopanga zitsulo.
Zowona, kulowetsa m'malo kumafuna dongosolo logwirizana. Venezuela imadya pafupifupi matani 24 zikwi zachitsulo pachaka. Kupatulapo mitundu yapadera kwambiri yazitsulo, CVG imatha kupanga zomwe dziko likufuna ndi zina zambiri.
Palibe chobisika kuti, m'mafakitale oyambira, vutoli lidachotsa mbewu zingapo ndi mizere yopangira ntchito. Cholinga chathu ndi chakuti, pamene CVG ikuyambiranso, amapanga ndondomeko yogwirizanitsa kuti aphatikize mafakitale aku Venezuela - makamaka mafakitale olamulidwa ndi ogwira ntchito - kuti abwezeretsedwe. Titha kupereka zinthu zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. M'kati mwa blockade, kupanga mwayekha kuyenera kuchitika!
Aldemaro Mundaraรญn: Kutembenukira mkati, ku Venezuela, ndikofunikira tsopano. Tsoka ilo, machitidwe akale akadalipobe ku CVG ndi PDVSA: mabizinesiwa amakonda kupanga makontrakitala omwe angapangire kontrakitala kapena, mwina, kulowetsa zinthuzo.
Calderys ali ndi kuthekera kopereka zida zomangira mpaka 40% ya zomwe dziko likufuna. Komabe, tikhoza kuonjezera gawo lathu la msika: tsopano tili ndi mphamvu zopangira matani 20 zikwi za zipangizo zowonongeka pachaka, koma zikhoza kupita ku 36 zikwi ngati titha kuyambitsa mzere wopangira womwe watha. popeza mabwana akale adakweza zingwe zamagetsi.
Josรฉ Guerra: Pamene tiyamba kupeza makontrakitala, tidzayika phindu pakupanga Calderys 100% kugwira ntchito. Kuchita kwathunthu ndi cholinga chathu. Tidzatero chifukwa cha zomwe tapeza komanso chidziwitso chathu monga ogwira ntchito, komanso mbiri ya kulimbana yomwe inatipatsa zida zoyendetsera bwino ntchito yaikulu.
Equipetrol
Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1984, Equipetrol ndi makampani opanga zitsulo omwe amagwira ntchito popanga ma valve, manifolds, wellheads, ndi zida zina zofunika pamakampani amafuta ndi gasi. Equipetrol yakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutsekeka komanso zovuta. Komabe, gulu la ogwira ntchito omwe amayendetsa liri ndi kudzipereka kwakukulu ku ulamuliro wa ogwira ntchito komanso ku Socialism.
MBIRI YA KULIMBIKITSA
Leonel Vรฉliz: Cha m'ma 2011, mabwana anayamba kuthamangitsa antchito: unali ulamuliro wa mantha. Mโkanthaลตi kochepa, tinachoka pokhala ndi antchito 260 mpaka 40 mโfakitale. Woyang'anira chomeracho anali psychopath. Pamwamba pa kuchotsedwa ntchito, sanali kutilipira malipiro athu.
Kulimbana kudayamba ndipo pamapeto pake, mu Disembala 2012, Unduna wa Zantchito udazindikira ufulu wathu woyendetsa mbewuyo monga momwe udakhazikitsira m'nkhani 149 ya Lamulo la Ntchito.
Tinali oyamba kulamulira mabizinesi poyambitsa Lamulo Latsopano Lantchito, kotero kuti ntchitoyi sinali yophweka konse: tidayenera kuthana ndi zokayikitsa zambiri. Choyamba, tinapereka chigamulo chalamulo kwa mwiniwake wa Equipetrol kuti alipire ngongole imene antchitowo anali nayo. Pamene izi zinali kuchitika, tinayenera kuteteza chomeracho kuti tisaberedwe ndi abwana aganyu.
Titapeza makiyi a chomeracho, mavutowo adapitilira chifukwa mwiniwake wakale anali akadali m'gulu lankhondo losinthira, ndipo tidafunikira siginecha yake kuti tigwiritse ntchito ndalama. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuti tipitilize kugulitsa mabanki aliwonse, tidayenera kudalira woimira bwanayo, yemwe adachita chilichonse chotheka kuti awononge njira zoyendetsera ntchito.
Tsiku lina, patatha maola ambiri tikuyesera kuti munthuyu asaine ndalama zina, loya wa mwiniwakeyo anabwera ku Equipetrol ndi asilikali khumi ndi asanu a National Guard akunena kuti "tinabera" woimira. Komabe, atafika, zinali zoonekeratu kuti sitinabere nthumwiyo. Iwo anati kwa iye: โPalibe amene wavulazidwa pano, sainani machekewo kuti tichite nawo.โ
Pamapeto pake, tinatha kuchititsa Unduna wa Zantchito kuchotsa munthu wa mwiniwakeyo mโgulu lankhondo. Apa ndipamene tidakhala ndi ulamuliro wonse wa Equipetrol.
SOCIALIST ENTERPRISE
Elis Pomontti: Equipetrol ndi bizinesi ya Socialist. Timakambirana zisankho zathu zonse ndikusunga mabuku otseguka pankhani yowerengera ndalama. Komanso, tonsefe timalipidwa mofanana. Apa timayang'ana zinthu zakuthupi mwanjira ina: mwambi wakale wakuti "changa ndi changa" sichigwira ntchito pakampani yathu.
Nthawi zambiri timakumbukira Comandante Chรกvez akunena kuti, "Sitiyenera kukhala odzikonda, tiyenera kukhala ogwirizana, tiyenera kugawana zomwe tili nazo." Ili ndi lamulo lachisinthiko komanso chiphunzitso chakale chachikhristu - ndi chofunikira kwa ife.
Elvis Munoz: Ndife ogwirizana ndi Indorca ndi Calderys nthawi iliyonse yomwe tingathe. Timagawana nawo chidziwitso chathu, ndipo timagawana nawo zida ndi zida ngati titha kutero.
Tili ndi malingaliro atsopano, njira yatsopano yowonera dziko. Zonsezi zimachokera ku kuphatikiza kwa machitidwe ndi chidziwitso. Inde, pali kusiyana pakati pa machitidwe athu ndi a dziko lakunja - dziko la capitalist - ndipo izi zimapangitsa ntchito yathu kukhala yovuta kwambiri.
Anthu ambiri sadziwa kumene tikupita. Sakumvetsetsa chifukwa chake tonse timalandila malipiro ofanana, ndipo amakayikira kasamalidwe ka demokalase. Tsoka ilo, anthu ena salimbikitsidwa ndi mgwirizano ndi kuzindikira. Amalankhula za Chรกvez koma amakana machitidwe a socialist.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti takumana ndi zopinga zambiri panjira, komanso kuti Equipetrol nthawi zina yakhala ikulimbana ndi khoma. Komabe, tili otsimikiza kuti tili panjira yolondola, ndipo tikudziwa kuti sosholizimu ndi mtsogolo.
ZOCHITIKA PA INDUSTRI YA MAFUTA PANTHAWI YA BLOCKADE
Leonel Vรฉliz: Mu 2013 ndi 2014, tinayambitsanso chomera chathu. Tinali ndi mgwirizano wochokera ku PDVSA kuti tipange ma manifolds: makina ovuta a ma valve ndi mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa kapena kugawa mafuta. Tinapanga njira yoti munthu m'modzi azitha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zambirizi kusiyana ndi antchito angapo.
Tinabweretsa pa nthawi yake, koma mwatsoka, malipiro anafika mochedwa. Zachidziwikire, izi zidabweretsa mavuto obwera ndi ndalama, ndipo, pomwe malipirowo adalowa, bolรญvar idatsika mtengo kwambiri.
Posachedwapa, mu 2016, tinapeza mgwirizano wa PDVSA kuti timange bwino pamodzi ndi Indorca. Tinatha kusintha injiniya wa chitsime chomwe chikanati chigulidwe ku US. Tinakonza kamangidwe kake, ndipo tinatumiza awiri mโmwezi umodzi wokha. Pazonse, tinapanga zitsime zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Tidathandizidwa ndi Purezidenti Maduro pambuyo pake, yemwe adati pawailesi yakanema yadziko lonse: "Izi ndi zomwe tikufuna, kupanga dziko. Konzani anthu awa. Apatseni ntchito zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Koma mgwirizano umenewo sunathe. Tsopano bizinesi yapadera ikupanga zitsime.
Chofunikira apa ndikuti tikuyenera kugwirizanitsa zopanga mdziko muno kuposa kale. Chรกvez nthawi zambiri ankalankhula za ulamuliro, za kupanga zomwe tikufuna kuno ku Venezuela. Tikudziwa kuti zimenezi nโzotheka.
Ndikufunanso kuwonjezera kuti mafakitale oyendetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito ali pamwayi wotumikira dziko: ndife mabwana athu kotero sitiyenera kutumikira zofuna za capitalist. Tilibe maakaunti aku banki kunja ndipo, koposa zonse, tadzipereka kumanga tsogolo labwino la Venezuela!
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama