Ndili ndi zaka 35 - Zakachikwi zakale kwambiri, Zakachikwi zoyamba - ndipo kwa zaka khumi tsopano, ndakhala ndikudikirira kuti ndikhale wamkulu. dziko lapansi ndipo ndalama zanga zikucheperachepera kuposa madzi oundana omwe ana amasungunuka.
Tonse tamva ziwerengero. Anthu azaka chikwi ambiri amakhala ndi makolo awo kuposa okhala nawo m'chipinda chimodzi. Tikuchedwetsa kukwatira kapena kukwatiwa komanso kugula nyumba ndi kukhala ndi ana kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa m'badwo uliwonse wakale. Ndipo, malinga ndi The Olds, mavuto athu onse ndife olakwa: Tili ndi digiri yolakwika. Timawononga ndalama zomwe tilibe pazinthu zomwe sitifunikira. Sitinaphunzirebe kulemba ma code. Tinapha mbewu ndi malo ogulitsira ndi gofu ndi napkins ndi chakudya chamasana. Tchulani "zaka chikwi" kwa aliyense wazaka zopitilira 40 ndipo mawu oti "ufulu" abweranso kwa inu pakatha mphindi zochepa, masewera athu amitundu yosiyanasiyana a Marco Polo.
Izi ndi zomwe zimamveka kukhala wachinyamata tsopano. Sikuti ndife opanda pake, komanso tiyenera kumvetsera nkhani za ulesi wathu ndi zikho zathu zotenga nawo mbali. kuchokera kwa anthu amene anatisokoneza.
Koma zonena zazaka chikwi, monga za gulu lina lililonse la anthu 75 miliyoni, zimasokonekera poyang'ana pang'ono. Mosiyana ndi zomwe zimanenedwazo, zaka chikwi zambiri sanapite ku koleji, samagwira ntchito ngati baristas ndipo sangatsamire makolo awo kuti awathandize. Mtundu uliwonse wa m'badwo wathu umagwira ntchito kwa achinyamata ochepa kwambiri, olemera kwambiri, oyera kwambiri. Ndipo zinthu zimene tikukhalamo nโzoipa kwambiri kuposa mmene anthu ambiri amaganizira.
Koma si manambala okha.
Chosiyana ndi ife monga munthu payekha poyerekeza ndi mibadwo yam'mbuyo ndi zazing'ono. Chosiyana ndi dziko lotizungulira nchozama. Malipiro atsika ndipo magawo onse atsika. Panthaลตi imodzimodziyo, mtengo wa chinthu chilichonse chofunika kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wotetezekaโmaphunziro, nyumba ndi chisamaliro chaumoyoโwakwera kwambiri mโdera la stratosphere. Kuchokera pachitetezo cha ntchito kupita ku ukonde wachitetezo cha anthu, zida zonse zomwe zimatiteteza ku chiwonongeko zikuwonongeka. Ndipo mwayi wotsogolera ku moyo wapakati-omwe anthu ochita bwino adalowamo-akuchotsedwa kumene sitingathe. Onjezani zonse ndipo sizodabwitsa kuti ndife m'badwo woyamba m'mbiri yamakono kukhala osauka kuposa makolo athu.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake zokumana nazo za millennials, zomwe zimatifotokozera mowona, si kulera kwa helikopta kapena maphunziro osalipidwa kapena Pokรฉmon Go. Zili choncho kusatsimikizika. โMasiku ena ndimapuma ndipo ndimamva ngati chinachake chatsala pangโono kutuluka pachifuwa,โ anatero Jimmi Matsinger. "Ndili ndi zaka 25 ndipo ndikadali komwe ndidali pomwe ndimalandira malipiro ochepa." Masiku anayi pa sabata amagwira ntchito ku ofesi ya zamano, Lachisanu amasamalira ana, Loweruka ndi Lamlungu amasamalira ana. Ndipo komabe sanathe kulipira lendi yake, galimoto yobwereketsa ndi ngongole za ophunzira. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino iye anabwereka ndalama kuti akalembetse ku bankirapuse. Ndinamva zomwezo makoma-kutseka-mu nkhawa kwa millennials kuzungulira dziko ndi kudutsa lonse ndalama, kuchokera cashers ku Detroit kwa anamwino ku Seattle.
Ikutegwa tubone kugwasyigwa kwazintu zyoonse eezyi, Kufwumbwa ncaakali kukonzya kucinca. Koma zomwe tikukhalamo tsopano, ndi zomwe kugwa kwachuma kwangokulirakulira, ndikusintha kwambiri kwamavuto azachuma, ambiri azaka zambiri zikuchitika. Kusankha ndi chisankho, chuma chasanduka makina opangira achinyamata. Ndipo pokhapokha ngati china chake chasintha, tsoka lathu likhala la Amereka.
Zomwe Scott amakumbukira ndi zoyankhulana zamagulu.
Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yofunsira ndikufunsa mafunso osamvanso, Scott adabwerera kusukulu yake yasekondale ku The Old Spaghetti Factory. Pambuyo pake adazungulira-kugulitsa masuti kumalo ogulitsira ku Nordstrom, kuyeretsa makapeti, matebulo odikirira - mpaka atadziwa kuti oyendetsa mabasi amtawuni amapeza $22 pa ola ndikupeza phindu lonse. Iye wakhala akuchita zimenezo kwa chaka tsopano. Ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe adapangapo. Amakhalabe kunyumba, akulipira ndalama zingapo mwezi uliwonse kuti azithandiza amayi ake kulipira lendi.
Mwachidziwitso, Scott atha kufunsiranso ntchito zamabanki. Koma digiri yake ndi pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndipo alibe chidziwitso choyenera. Nthawi zina amalingalira zopeza za masters, koma izi zikutanthauza kuchoka pamalipiro ake ndi zopindulitsa kwa zaka ziwiri ndikutenga ngongole zina zisanu - kungopeza mwayi wolowera, ali ndi zaka 30, zomwe zingalipire ndalama zochepa kuposa. amayendetsa basi. Pantchito yake yapano, atha kunyamuka m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ndipo amalipira ngongole za ophunzira zaka 20.
Pali mamiliyoni a Scotts pachuma chamakono. "Ogwira ntchito ambiri anali 18 okha pa nthawi yolakwika," akutero William Spriggs, pulofesa wa zachuma ku yunivesite ya Howard ndi mlembi wothandizira wa ndondomeko ku Dipatimenti ya Ntchito mu kayendetsedwe ka Obama. โOlemba ntchito sananene kuti, 'Eya, tasowa m'badwo wina. Mu 2008 sitinali kulemba ntchito omaliza maphunziro, tiyeni tilembe anthu onse omwe tinadutsamo.' Ayi, adalemba kalasi ya 2012. "
Mutha kuwona izi mu ziwerengero, divot kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2012 pomwe mamiliyoni a ntchito ndi mabiliyoni amapindula ayenera kukhala. Mu 2007, oposa 50 peresenti ya omaliza maphunziro awo ku koleji anali ndi mwayi wopeza ntchito. Mโkalasi la 2009, ochepera 20 peresenti ya iwo anachita. Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa 2010, 1 peresenti yowonjezera pa chiwerengero cha ulova chaka chomwe mumamaliza maphunziro anu ku koleji kumatanthauza kutsika kwa 6 mpaka 8 peresenti pamalipiro anu oyambirira-choyipa chomwe chingakhalepo kwa zaka zambiri. Kafukufuku yemweyo adapeza kuti antchito omwe adamaliza maphunziro awo pakugwa kwachuma kwa 1981 anali akadali kupanga zochepa poyerekeza ndi anzawo omwe adamaliza maphunziro awo zaka 10 pambuyo pake. Spriggs akuti: "Kugwa kwachuma kulikonse kumapangitsa magulu awa omwe sachira."
Pakalipano, anthu osauka azaka zikwizikwi omwe adamaliza maphunziro awo panthawi yolakwika atsika pachuma. Ziwerengero zina zikuwonetsa kuti 48 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi digiri ya bachelor amalembedwa ntchito zomwe ali oyenerera kwambiri. Dipuloma ya kuyunivesite yakhala yofunikira ngakhale kwa omwe amalipira ndalama zochepa kwambiri, pepala lina loti liziwoneka pamaso pa woyang'anira ntchito ku Quiznos.
Koma ozunzidwa kwenikweni ndi kukwera kwa inflation ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a millennials omwe sanapite ku koleji. Kuyambira 2010, chuma chawonjezera ntchito 11.6 miliyoni-ndi miliyoni 11.5 a iwo apita kwa antchito omwe ali ndi maphunziro osachepera angapo aku koleji. Mu 2016, ogwira ntchito achichepere omwe ali ndi dipuloma ya kusekondale anali ndi chiwopsezo cha kusowa ntchito kuwirikiza katatu komanso kuwirikiza katatu ndi theka kuchuluka kwa umphawi wa masukulu aku koleji.
Mukangoyamba kutsatira izi mmbuyo, kutsika kwachuma kumayamba kuoneka ngati kubweza kwakanthawi komanso ngati chimaliziro. Pazaka zapitazi za 40, monga ndale ndi makolo ndi perky magazine listicles akhala akutiuza kuti tiphunzire mwakhama ndikupanga malonda athu, chuma chonse chasintha pansi pathu.
Kwa zaka zambiri, ntchito zambiri zomwe zikuwonjezeka ku America zakhala zikugwira ntchito zotsika mtengo, zantchito zochepa, zosakhalitsa komanso zanthawi yochepa. Dziko la United States limangotulutsa ntchito zochepa monga momwe makolo athu analili. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake mitengo ya "osagwira ntchito" pakati pa masukulu a kusekondale ndi koleji idakwera pang'onopang'ono kugwa kwachuma kusanachitike. "Njira yoganizira izi," akutero Jacob Hacker, wasayansi yandale ku Yale komanso wolemba The Great Risk Shift, "ndikuti pali mafunde pazachuma, koma mafunde akhala akutha kwa nthawi yayitali."
Kutsika kwa ntchitoyo kudayamba m'ma 1970, ndikusintha pang'ono miliyoni komwe ma boomers sanazindikire. Bungwe la Federal Reserve linagonjetsa inflation. Makampani adayamba kulipira otsogolera pazosankha zamasheya. Ndalama zapenshoni zomwe zidayikidwa muzinthu zowopsa. Chotsatira chake chinali ndalama zotsanuliridwa pamsika wamasheya ngati mafuta a jet. Pakati pa 1960 ndi 2013, nthawi yapakati yomwe osunga ndalama ankasunga masheya asanawasinthe adachoka zaka zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka miyezi inayi. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyi, gawo lazachuma lidakhala ngati dzenje la sarlacc lomwe limaphatikizapo gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a phindu lamakampani komanso zolimbikitsa zamakampani.
Chikakamizo chopereka zobwezera mwamsanga chinakhala chosalekeza. Pamene masheya anali ndalama zanthawi yayitali, eni ma sheya amalola ma CEO kuti awononge ndalama pazinthu monga phindu la ogwira ntchito chifukwa adathandizira kuti kampaniyo ikhale ndi thanzi lanthawi yayitali. Otsatsa ndalama atalephera kuyang'ana kupyola lipoti lotsatira lazopeza, komabe, kusuntha kulikonse komwe sikunawonjezere phindu kwakanthawi kochepa kunali kofanana ndi chinyengo.
Paradigm yatsopano idalanda kampani yaku America. Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi mabanki amalonda adachotsa mabungwe pamsika, kutsitsa kapena kutulutsa antchito, kenako kugulitsa mabizinesi kwa osunga ndalama. Mโzaka za mโma 1980 mokha, gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a makampani a Fortune 500 anakonzedwanso. Makampani sanalinso mabungwe amodzi omwe ali ndi udindo kwa antchito awo, opuma pantchito kapena madera awo.
Mabizinesi adagwiritsanso ntchito njira yofananira yogulitsira malonda pazantchito zawo. Otsogolera adadziwona okha ngati oyamba komanso opambana pamasewera osangalatsa omwe ali nawo. Malipiro apamwamba a ogwira ntchito anakhala zinthu zapamwamba zoti achepetsedwe. Mabungwe, omwe amakambitsirana kwambiri za malipiro ndi zopindulitsa komanso otsimikizira malipiro ochotsedwa, adakhala adani. Ndipo pamapeto pake, ogwira ntchito nawonso adakhala mangawa. "Makampani adaganiza kuti njira yachangu kwambiri yopezera mtengo wokwera wa masheya inali kulemba ganyu antchito aganyu, kutsitsa malipiro ndikusintha antchito omwe analipo kukhala makontrakitala," akutero Rosemary Batt, katswiri wazachuma pa Yunivesite ya Cornell.
Zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, akutero, mutha kulowa mu hotelo iliyonse ku America ndipo aliyense mnyumbamo, kuyambira oyeretsa mpaka alonda mpaka alonda, anali ganyu yachindunji, wogwira ntchito aliyense pamlingo wofanana wamalipiro ndikusangalala ndi mapindu omwewo. ena onse. Masiku ano, pafupifupi onse amaganyula mwachisawawa, ogwira ntchito mwachisawawa, osadziwika, makampani opanga makontrakitala osadziwika: Laundry Inc., Rent-A-Guard Inc., Watery Margarita Inc. pansi pa dongosolo linalake la โzosayembekezerekaโ monga iliโkuchokera kwa ometa, azamba, oyangโanira zinyalala za nyukiliya kupita kwa oimba nyimbo za symphony cellists. Kuyambira pansi, makampani omwe awonjezera ntchito zambiri siukadaulo kapena malonda kapena unamwino. Ndi "ntchito zothandizira kwakanthawi" -kontrakitala onse ang'onoang'ono, omwe alibe mtundu omwe amalemba antchito ndikuwabwereketsa kumakampani akuluakulu.
Zotsatira za โkuchotsedwa ntchito kwapakhomoโ konsekuโndipo, tiyeni kunena zoona, cholinga chake chenicheniโndi chakuti antchito amapeza zocheperapo pa ntchito zawo kuposa kale. Limodzi mwa mapepala a Batt lidapeza kuti ogwira ntchito amataya mpaka 40 peresenti ya malipiro awo "atasankhidwanso" ngati makontrakitala. Mu 2013, mzinda wa Memphis akuti udachepetsa malipiro kuchoka pa $ 15 pa ola mpaka $ 10 atachotsa ntchito madalaivala amabasi akusukulu ndikukakamiza kuti alembenso ntchito kudzera ku bungwe loyang'anira antchito. Ena mwa โlumpersโ a ku Walmart, ogwira ntchito mโnyumba zosungiramo katundu amene amanyamula mabokosi kuchokera mโmagalimoto kupita ku mashelefu, amayenera kubwera mโmaลตa uliwonse koma amalipidwa kokha ngati pali ntchito yokwanira tsiku limenelo.
"Izi ndi zomwe zikuyambitsa kusalingana kwa malipiro," atero a David Weil, wamkulu wakale wa Wage and Hour Division wa dipatimenti yowona zantchito komanso wolemba mabuku. The Fissured Workplace. โPosamutsa ntchito kwa makontrakitala, makampani amalipira mtengo wantchitoyo m'malo molipira ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sayenera kuganizira za maphunziro, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito kapena kupeza phindu. โ
Kusintha uku kukukhudza chuma chonse, koma zaka chikwi zili patsogolo. Kumene mibadwo yam'mbuyo inatha kusonkhanitsa zaka zambiri zachidziwitso cholimba ndi ndalama mu chuma chakale, ambiri a ife tidzathera moyo wathu wonse wogwira ntchito mokhazikika ndikugwira ntchito yatsopano. Sitipeza maphunziro ochepa komanso mwayi wocheperako wokambilana zopindula kudzera m'mabungwe (omwe ankagwira ntchito m'modzi mwa atatu aliwonse ndipo tsopano atsikirapo mpaka mmodzi mwa khumi aliwonse). Kuphatikiza apo, monga Uber ndi "gig economics" ikuchita bwino ma algorithms awo, tikhala tikumvera chifundo chamakampani omwe amangofuna kutilipira nthawi yomwe tikupanga ndalama osati mphindi imodzi.
Koma vuto silimangogwera makampani. Magulu a zamalonda ayankha ku kuchepa kwa ntchito zotetezeka mwa kukumba ngalande mozungulira ochepa omwe atsala. Pazaka 30 zapitazi, akhala akukakamiza maboma kuti afune ziphaso zantchito zantchito zambiri zomwe sizinawafune. Ndizomveka: Kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kukhala woyendetsa ma plumber, ma plumbers amakhala ochepa komanso momwe aliyense wa iwo amatha kulipira. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a antchito a ku America tsopano akufunikira mtundu wina wa chilolezo cha boma kuti agwire ntchito zawo, poyerekeza ndi osachepera 5 peresenti mu 1950. M'mayiko ena ambiri otukuka, simukusowa chilolezo cha boma kuti mumete tsitsi kapena kuthira zakumwa. Apa, ntchitozo zingafunike mpaka $20,000 kusukulu ndi maola 2,100 ophunzitsidwa komanso osalipidwa.
Mwachidule, pafupifupi njira iliyonse yopezera ndalama zokhazikika ikufuna madola masauzande ambiri musanalandire malipiro anu oyamba kapena kudziwa ngati mwasankha ntchito yoyenera. โNdinali ndi ndalama zenizeni pantchito,โ akutero Elena, wazaka 29 zakubadwa wa ku Texas. (Ndasintha mayina a anthu ena mโnkhaniyi chifukwa sakufuna kuchotsedwa ntchito.) Monga gawo la digiri yake ya masters, anafunika kuchita โinternshipโ ya chaka chimodzi mโchipatala. Amayenera kuphunzitsidwa, koma akuti amagwira ntchito maola omwewo ndipo amagwira ntchito zomwezo monga antchito olipidwa. Iye anati: โNdinatenga ndalama zokwana madola 20,000 pa ngongole za ana asukulu kuti ndilipirire maphunziro aulere pa chaka chomwe ndinkagwira ntchito kwaulere.
Zonsezi - kukwera mtengo kwa maphunziro, kukwera kwa makontrakitala, zolepheretsa ntchito zaluso - zimawonjezera chuma chomwe chasintha mwadala chiwopsezo cha kusokonekera kwachuma komanso kusokonezeka kwamakampani kuchoka kumakampani ndikupita kwa anthu. Kwa makolo athu, ntchito inali chitsimikizo cha uchikulire wosungika. Kwa ife, ndi juga. Ndipo ngati tikumana ndi zopinga panjira, pali zochepa zomwe zingatiletse kuti tisagwere m'tsoka.
Ndinamva kulongosola koopsa kwa momwe izi zimachitikira kuchokera kwa Anirudh Krishna, pulofesa wa Duke University yemwe, pazaka 15 zapitazi, adafunsa anthu oposa 1,000 omwe adagwa mu umphawi ndikuthawa. Anayambira ku India ndi Kenya, koma pamapeto pake, ophunzira ake omwe adamaliza maphunziro ake adamuwuza kuti achite zomwezo ku North Carolina. Anapeza kuti makinawo anali ofanana.
Nthawi zambiri timaganiza za umphawi ku America ngati dziwe, gawo lokhazikika la anthu omwe amakhalabe osowa kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipotu, Krishna akuti, umphawi uli ngati nyanja, yomwe mitsinje imayenda mosalekeza ndikutuluka nthawi zonse. Iye anati: โChiลตerengero cha anthu amene ali pachiopsezo chokhala osauka nโchochuluka kwambiri kuposa cha anthu osauka.
Tonse tikukhala mumkhalidwe wa kusakhazikika kokhazikika. Pakati pa 1970 ndi 2002, mwayi woti munthu wazaka zogwira ntchito wa ku America ataya mwangozi theka la ndalama za banja lake kuwirikiza kawiri. Ndipo ngoziyo ndi yaikulu makamaka kwa achinyamata. Mโzaka za mโma 1970, pamene anthu ochita bwino kwambiri anali msinkhu wathu, antchito achichepere anali ndi mwaลตi wa 24 peresenti wogwera pansi pa umphaลตi. Pofika mโma 1990, chiลตerengerocho chinakwera kufika pa 37 peresenti. Ndipo ziwerengerozo zikungowonjezereka. Kuyambira 1979 mpaka 2014, kuchuluka kwa umphawi pakati pa antchito achichepere omwe ali ndi dipuloma ya sekondale yokha kupitilira katatu, mpaka 22 peresenti. "Zaka chikwi zimamva ngati zitha kutaya chilichonse nthawi iliyonse," akutero Hacker. "Ndipo, mochulukirapo, amatha."
Izi ndi momwe slide yopita pansi imawonekera. Gabriel ali ndi zaka 19 ndipo amakhala mโtauni ina yaingโono ku Oregon. Amayimba piyano ndipo, mpaka posachedwapa, anali kusunga ndalama kuti akaphunzire nyimbo ku koleji ya zaluso. Chilimwe chathachi anali kugwira ntchito pakampani yothandizira zaumoyo. Siinali ntchito yosangalatsa kwambiri, mabokosi onyamula katundu ndi zosakaniza zosakaniza, koma amapeza $12.50 pa ola ndipo amayembekeza kuti atha kukwera pamalo abwino ngati adziwonetsa yekha.
Kenako mlongo wake adachita ngozi yagalimoto, T-boned akutembenukira kunjira yawo. โIye sankakhoza kuyenda; sanathe kuganiza,โ akutero Gabriel. Mayi ake sanathe kugwira ntchito kwa tsiku limodzi popanda kutaya ntchito, choncho Gabriel anaimbira foni abwana ake nโkuwauza kuti ajomba tsiku limodzi kuti akatenge mlongo wake kuchipatala.
Tsiku lotsatira, bungwe lake loyang'anira zachitetezo linayitana: Anachotsedwa ntchito. Ngakhale a Gabriel akuti palibe amene adamuuza, kampaniyo inali ndi mfundo zomenyera katatu pakapanda kukonzekera. Iye anali ataphonya kale tsiku lina chifukwa cha chimfine ndipo lina chifukwa cha matenda a staph, choncho zinali choncho. Munthu wina amene ankagwira naye ntchito kale anamuuza kuti kujomba kwake kukutanthauza kuti sakanapezanso ntchito kumeneko.
Ndiye tsopano Gabriel amagwira ntchito ku Taco Time ndipo amakhala m'kalavani ndi amayi ake ndi azilongo ake. Malipiro ake ambiri amapita ku gasi ndi golosale chifukwa ndalama zomwe amayi ake amapeza zimasowa m'mabilu akuchipatala. Akufunabe kupita ku koleji. Koma poti satha kuyika mutu wake pamwamba pamadzi, amayang'ana kwambiri pulogalamu yaukadaulo yamagetsi yoperekedwa ndi bungwe lopanda phindu. Iye anandiuza kuti: โSindikumvetsa chifukwa chake zimakuvutani kuchita zinazake pamoyo wanu.
Yankho ndi losavuta mwankhanza. M'dziko lomwe malipiro amakhala ovuta komanso chitetezo chake chabedwa m'maliboni, vuto limodzi lingakhale vuto la zaka zambiri kuti libwerere mwakale.
Pazaka makumi anayi zapitazi, pakhala kusintha kwakukulu pakati pa boma ndi nzika zake. Mu Nthawi ya Udindo, Yascha Mounk, katswiri wa ndale, akulemba kuti isanafike zaka za m'ma 1980, lingaliro la "udindo" linkamveka ngati chinthu cha America aliyense ali ndi ngongole kwa anthu ozungulira, pulojekiti ya dziko lonse kuti ateteze anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo kwambiri kuti asagwere pansi pa zofunika zamoyo. Ngakhale Richard Nixon, wosadziwika kwenikweni chifukwa chokweza anthu oponderezedwa, adapereka chithandizo chaumoyo wadziko komanso mtundu wa ndalama zotsimikizika. Koma pansi pa Ronald Reagan ndiyeno Bill Clinton, tanthauzo la "udindo" linasintha. Zinakhala zamunthu payekhapayekha, udindo wopeza zabwino zomwe dziko lanu limakupatsirani.
Kuyambira 1996, chiwerengero cha mabanja osauka omwe akulandira thandizo la ndalama kuchokera ku boma chatsika kuchoka pa 68 peresenti kufika pa 23 peresenti. Palibe boma lomwe limapereka phindu la ndalama zomwe zimawonjezera umphawi. Njira zoyenerera zakhwimitsidwa mwa opaleshoni, nthawi zambiri ndi zofunikira zomwe sizithandiza kwenikweni kuthawa umphawi. Pezani Thandizo Losakhalitsa kwa Mabanja Osowa, omwe mwachiwonekere amathandiza mabanja osauka omwe ali ndi ana. Wotsogolera wake (wolemba mawu osiyana) anali ndi cholinga chothandizira makolo a ana osakwana zaka 7, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu malipiro osavuta. Masiku ano, zopindulitsazo zimapangidwira kuti azichotsa amayi kwa ana awo ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito mwamsanga. Mayiko ochepa amafuna kuti amayi alembetse maphunziro kapena kuyamba kufunsira ntchito tsiku limene iwo anabala.
Mndandanda ukupitirira. Thandizo la nyumba, kwa anthu ambiri kusiyana pakati pa kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kutaya chirichonse, sikuyiwalika. (Kusankha chitsanzo chimodzi chokha, mu 2014 Baltimore anali ndi 75,000 ofunsira ma voucha obwereketsa a 1,500.) Masitampu a chakudya, chinthu chapafupi kwambiri ndi phindu la chilengedwe chonse chomwe tasiya, chimapereka, pafupifupi, $ 1.40 pa chakudya.
Mโchimene chikuwoneka ngati nthabwala yopotoka, pafupifupi chithandizo chilichonse chopezeka kwa achichepere tsopano chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yachikale. Malipiro a ulova ndi malipiro a ogwira ntchito amangoperekedwa kwa antchito okha. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chithandizo kuyambira 1980 kwakhala ku Earned Income Tax Credit ndi Child Tax Credit, zonse zomwe zimapereka malipiro kwa ogwira ntchito omwe adatolera kale.
Kalelo pamene tinali ndi ntchito zabwino ndi mabungwe amphamvu, (zofanana) zinali zomveka kupereka zinthu monga chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi ndalama zopuma pantchito pogwiritsa ntchito phindu la olemba ntchito. Koma tsopano, kwa odziyimira pawokha komanso nthawi komanso makontrakitala akanthawi kochepa - mwachitsanzo, ife - maubwino amenewo angakhalenso ndalama za Monopoly. Makumi anayi ndi chimodzi mwa anthu 100 aliwonse ogwira ntchito zakachikwi sali oyenereranso mapulani opuma pantchito kudzera kumakampani awo.
Ndiyeno pali chisamaliro chaumoyo.
Mu 1980, antchito 4 mwa 5 analandira inshuwalansi ya umoyo chifukwa cha ntchito zawo. Tsopano, ongopitirira theka la iwo amatero. Zakachikwi zitha kukhalabe pamalingaliro a makolo athu mpaka titakwanitsa zaka 26. Koma gululi pambuyo pake, azaka zapakati pa 26 mpaka 34, ali ndi chiwongola dzanja chachikulu kwambiri mdziko muno ndipo millennials-modetsa nkhawa-ali ndi ngongole zambiri zachipatala kuposa zomwe zidachitika. Ngakhale Obamacare, imodzi mwazowonjezera zochepa zachitetezo kuyambira pomwe munthu adayenda pamwezi, amatisiyabe poyera. Zakachikwi omwe angakwanitse kugula mapulani pakusinthana amayang'anizana ndi malipiro (chaka chamawa mgodi udzakhala $388 pamwezi), zochotsera ($850) ndi malire akunja ($5,000) omwe, kwa achinyamata ambiri, ndi okwera kwambiri kuti asatengere popanda Thandizeni. Ndipo pazochitika zomwe zimabweretsa umphawi, malinga ndi Krishna, kuvulala kapena matenda ndizomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri.
"Tonsefe tili ndi vuto limodzi kuti tisataye chilichonse," akutero Ashley Lauber, loya wosowa ndalama ku Seattle komanso Old Millennial ngati ine. Kwa makasitomala ake ambiri osakwana zaka 35, akuti, kuchepa kwachuma kumayamba ndi ngozi yagalimoto kapena ndalama zachipatala. โSimungakwanitse kuchotsera ndalama zanu, ndiye mupite ku Moneytree kukatenga ngongole yandalama zowerengeka. Ndiye mumaphonya malipiro anu ndipo otolera amayamba kukuyimbirani kuntchito, kuwauza abwana anu kuti simulipira. Kenako amadwala ndipo amakuchotsani ntchito ndipo zonse zikuipiraipira.โ Kwa makasitomala ake ambiri azaka chikwi, Lauber akuti, kusiyana pakati pa kuthawa ngongole ndikusokonekera kumafika pachitetezo chokhacho chomwe ali nacho - makolo awo.
Koma zolephera izi, monga zina zonse, sizipezeka kwa aliyense. Kusiyana kwachuma pakati pa mabanja azungu ndi omwe si azungu ndi kwakukulu. Kuyambira kalekale, pafupifupi njira zonse zopezera chumaโmaphunziro apamwamba, kukhala ndi nyumba, mwayi wopeza ngongoleโzakhala zikukanidwa kwa anthu angโonoangโono chifukwa cha tsankho lodziลตika bwino ndiponso losaoneka. Ndipo kusiyanaku kwakula kwambiri kuyambira pomwe chuma chatsika. Kuchokera mu 2007 mpaka 2010, maakaunti a mabanja akuda adachepa ndi 35 peresenti, pomwe mabanja achizungu, omwe amakhala ndi njira zina zopezera ndalama, adawona maakaunti awo. kukula ndi 9 peresenti.
Chotsatira chake nโchakuti anthu azaka chikwi amitundu amakumana ndi tsoka kuposa anzawo. Azaka zikwizikwi zoyera ali ndi chuma chochuluka kuchokera kwa makolo ndi agogo awo omwe atha kutengerapo thandizo la maphunziro, lendi kapena malo okhala panthawi yamaphunziro osalipidwa. Malinga ndi bungwe la Institute on Assets and Social Policy, azungu a ku America ali ndi mwayi wolandira cholowa kuwirikiza kasanu kuposa anthu akuda aku America-zomwe zingakhale zokwanira kulipira nyumba kapena kulipira ngongole za ophunzira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, 67 peresenti ya mabanja akuda ndi 71 peresenti ya mabanja aku Latino alibe ndalama zokwanira zogulira miyezi itatu ya moyo.
Ndipo kotero, m'malo molandira thandizo kuchokera kwa mabanja awo, millennium amitundu amatha kuyitanidwa kuti apereke. Ndalama zilizonse zowonjezera kuchokera ku ntchito yatsopano kapena kukwezedwa kumakonda kumezedwa ndi ngongole kapena ngongole zomwe azaka chikwi ambiri adathandizidwa nazo. Zaka zinayi atamaliza maphunziro awo, omaliza maphunziro awo kukoleji yakuda ali ndi ngongole pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa anzawo azungu ndipo ali ndi mwayi wowirikiza katatu kuti asabwezere malipiro. Ntchito zachuma izi zikujambulidwa m'chiwerengero chimodzi chodabwitsa: Dola iliyonse yowonjezera yomwe banja la azungu apakati imapanga imapanga $5.19 mu chuma chatsopano. Kwa mabanja akuda, ndi 69 cent.
Mukufuna kukhumudwa kwambiri? Khalani pansi nโkuganizira zimene zidzatichitikire tikadzakalamba. Ngakhale nkhani zonse zomwe mumawerenga za flighty millennials kukana kukonzekera kupuma pantchito (monga kuti agogo athu amaganizira kwambiri za mapulani awo a penshoni pamene anali ndi zaka 25), vuto lalikulu lomwe timakumana nalo si kusaphunzira zachuma. Ndi chiwongola dzanja.
M'zaka zikubwerazi, kubweza kwa 401 (k) mapulani akuyembekezeka kugwa ndi theka. Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa Employee Benefit Research Institute, kutsika kwa msika wa masheya ndi 2 peresenti kumatanthauza kuti wazaka 25 ayenera kupereka zambiri kuposa kuwirikiza kawiri ndalamazo ku ndalama zake zopuma pantchito zomwe boomer adachita. O, ndipo adzayenera kutero ndi malipiro ochepa. Izi zimafika poipa kwambiri mukaganizira zomwe zidzachitike ku Social Security tikadzafika zaka 65. Kumenekonso, zikuwoneka ngati zosapeลตeka kuti tidzasokonezedwa ndi chiwerengero cha anthu: Mu 1950, panali 17 American. ogwira ntchito kuthandiza aliyense wopuma pantchito. Pamene millennials kupuma, padzakhala awiri okha.
Pali njira imodzi yomwe Achimereka ambiri adakwanitsa kudzipangira chuma, kuti apeze ulemu ndi chitonthozo muukalamba. Ine ndikuyankhula, ndithudi, za eni nyumba. Osachepera ife tawombera pamenepo, sichoncho?
Ndi mwambo, chikumbutso cha zaka zomwe anakhala opanda pansi kapena denga pamwamba pake. Anakhala wopanda pokhala kwa zaka zinayi ku Georgia: kugona pa mabenchi, kukwera njinga kupita ku zoyankhulana kutentha, kufika ola mofulumira kuti asakhale thukuta chifukwa cha kugwirana chanza. Atapeza ntchito, antchito anzake anazindikira kuti anasamba mโzibafa zogulitsira mafuta a galimoto ndipo zinamumvetsa chisoni kwambiri moti anasiya. Iye anati: โIwo ankati 'ndikununkhiza wopanda pokhala.'
Tyrone adasamukira ku Seattle zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, ali ndi zaka 23, chifukwa adamva kuti malipiro ochepa anali pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri zomwe adapanga ku Atlanta. Anapeza ntchito mโsitolo yogulitsira zakudya ndipo ankagona mโmalo obisalirako kwinaku akusunga. Kuyambira pamenepo, ndalama zomwe amapeza zakwera, koma amakankhidwira kutali ndi mzindawu. Kuyimitsa koyamba kunali nyumba zothandizidwa ku Kirkland, mphindi 20 kummawa kudutsa nyanjayi. Kenako nyumba yobwereka ku Tacoma, mphindi 45 kumwera, akugawana chipinda chogona ndi chibwenzi chake ndipo, pamapeto pake, mwana wamwamuna. Kutha ndi chifukwa chake tsopano ali ku Lakewood, kumwera kwenikweni, m'chipinda chogona chimodzi pafupi ndi khomo la msewu waulere.
Ndipo ndi kale kupsyinjika koteroko. Tyrone amalandira $ 17 pa ola ngati mlonda pamalo omanga, malipiro ake apamwamba kwambiri. Koma iye ndi kontrakitala (ndithudi), kotero iye samapeza tchuthi chodwala kapena inshuwalansi ya umoyo. Lendi yake ndi $1,100 pamwezi. Ndi zochuluka kuposa momwe angathere, koma adangopeza nyumba imodzi yomwe ingamulole kuti asamuke popanda kulipira ndalama zonse.
Popeza lendi ikuyenera kulipidwa pa 1 ndipo amalipidwa pa 7, mwininyumba wake amamuwonjezera chindapusa cha $100 ku bilu ya mwezi uliwonse. Pambuyo pake ndi malipiro a galimotoโndi kukwera basi kwa maola aลตiri kuchokera mโdera limene akukhala kupita kudera limene amagwira ntchitoโamakhala ndi $200 yotsala mwezi uliwonse yogulira chakudya. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe tidakumana, inali pa 27 mweziwo ndipo Tyrone adandiuza kuti akaunti yake idachotsedwa kale. Usiku wathawu anali atapalasa skateboard yake ndi ndalama za gasi.
Ngakhale maekala amasamba ankhani operekedwa ku nkhani yomwe millennials amakana kukula, alipo kuchulukitsa kawiri achichepere ngati Tyroneโakukhala paokha ndi kulandira ndalama zosakwana $30,000 pachakaโpamene pali zaka chikwi akukhala ndi makolo awo. Vuto la m'badwo wathu silingasiyanitsidwe ndi vuto la nyumba zotsika mtengo.
Anthu ochulukirapo akubwereka nyumba kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960. Koma mโzaka 40 zisanafike kugwa kwachuma, lendi inakwera kuลตirikiza kaลตiri mlingo wa ndalama zimene amapeza. Pakati pa 2001 ndi 2014, chiลตerengero cha anthu โolemera kwambiri,โ omwe amawononga ndalama zopitirira theka la ndalama zimene amapeza pa lendi, chinakula ndi 50 peresenti. Mโmalo mwake nโzosadabwitsa kuti pamene mitengo ya nyumba yakwera, chiwerengero cha ana azaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 34 omwe ali ndi nyumba chatsika kwambiri.
Kugwa kwa eni nyumba, paokha, sikulidi tsoka. Koma dziko lathu lapanga njira yonse ya "Game of Life" yomwe imadalira kutha kugula nyumba. Mumabwereka kwakanthawi kuti musunge ndalama zolipirira, kenako mumagula nyumba yoyambira ndi mnzanu, kenako mumasamukira kumalo okulirapo ndikulera ana. Mukalipira ngongole yanyumba, nyumba yanu ingakhale yogulitsa kapena malo otsika mtengo oti mukhalemo mukapuma pantchito. Fin.
Izi zinagwira ntchito bwino pamene ndalama za lendi zinali zochepa zokwanira kusunga ndalama ndipo nyumba zinali zotchipa zokwanira kugula. Mโkukambitsirana koipitsitsa kumene ndinali nako mโnkhani ino, atate wanga anandiuza mopepuka kuti anagula nyumba yawo yoyamba ku 29. Munali mu 1973, anali atangosamukira kumene ku Seattle ndipo ntchito yake monga profesa wa payunivesite inamโlipira (yosinthidwa chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo). ) pafupifupi $76,000 pachaka. Nyumbayo idagula $124,000 - kachiwiri, m'madola amasiku ano. Panopa ndili wamkulu ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kuposa momwe bambo anga analili panthawiyo. Ndimapeza ndalama zochepa kuposa zomwe adapeza ndipo mtengo wakunyumba ku Seattle ndi pafupifupi $730,000. Nyumba yoyamba ya bambo anga inawatengera miyezi 20 ya malipiro awo. Nyumba yanga yoyamba idzawononga zaka zoposa 10 zanga.
Koma kukwera kwa lendi mโmizinda ikuluikulu tsopano kukuletsa malipiro okwera. Kalelo mu 1970, malinga ndi kufufuza kwa Harvard, wantchito wopanda luso amene anasamuka kuchoka ku boma lopeza ndalama zochepa kupita ku boma lopeza ndalama zambiri anasunga 79 peresenti ya malipiro ake owonjezereka atalipira nyumba. Wogwira ntchito yemwe adachitanso chimodzimodzi mu 2010 adangosunga 36 peresenti yokha. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya US, akutero a Daniel Shoag, m'modzi mwa omwe adalemba nawo kafukufukuyu, sizikumvekanso kuti munthu wosaphunzira ku Utah apite ku New York ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Izi zimasiya achinyamata, makamaka omwe alibe digiri ya koleji, ndi chisankho chosatheka. Atha kusamukira ku mzinda komwe kuli ntchito zabwino koma amalipiritsa amisala. Kapena angasamukire kwinakwake ndi renti yotsika koma ntchito zochepa zomwe zimalipira kuposa malipiro ochepera.
Vutoli likudyetsa chopanga matabwa chopanda kufanana chomwe chuma cha US chasanduka. M'malo mopatsa anthu aku America njira yopezera chuma, mizinda ikukhala anthu ambiri omwe ali nacho kale. Mโmizinda ikuluikulu 10 ya mโdzikoli, anthu amene amalandira ndalama zoposa $150,000 pachaka tsopano amaposa amene amapeza ndalama zosakwana madola 30,000 pachaka.
Anthu azaka chikwi omwe atha kusamukira ku malo awa amapeza mwayi wosangalala ndi maubwino awo ambiri: masukulu abwinoko, ntchito zopatsa mowolowa manja, makwerero ochulukirapo pantchito yoti agwire. Anthu azaka chikwi omwe sangakwanitse kusamukira ku mzinda waukulu wodulaโฆ Mu 2016, Census Bureau inanena kuti achinyamata sankakhala ndi adiresi yosiyana chaka chapitacho kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse kuyambira 1963.
Ndipo kotero chifukwa chenicheni millennials sangathe kukwaniritsa uchikulire makolo athu ankaona kwa ife ndi kuti tikuyesera bwino mkati mwa dongosolo kuti salinso zomveka. Eni nyumba ndi kusamuka kwaponyedwa kwa ife ngati zipata za chitukuko chifukwa, mmbuyomo pamene ma boomers anakula, anali. Koma tsopano, malamulo asintha ndipo tatsala pang'ono kusewera masewera omwe sitingapambane.
Kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu yomwe ndidakhala ndikulengeza nkhaniyi, ndidakhala madzulo angapo pamalo ogona achinyamata ndipo ndidakumana ndi anthu ophunzitsidwa ntchito osalipidwa komanso amithenga anjinga omwe amawasungira mwezi woyamba wa lendi. Mโmasiku amene ndinafunsa anthu monga Josh, wazaka 33 womanga nyumba zotsika mtengo amene ananena kuti amayi ake amavutika kuti apeze zofunika pa moyo monga makontrakitala pantchito yomwe kale inali ntchito yodalirika ya boma. Kuyamikira kulikonse, amamukumbutsa kuti ndondomeko yake yopuma pantchito ndi "401(j)" -J ya Josh.
Kukonza zomwe zachitidwa kwa ife kudzatenga zambiri kuposa kungoyang'ana. Ngakhale chuma chikachulukirachulukira ndipo ulova ukupitilirabe kutsika, tidakali pachiwopsezo chowonjezereka kwa achinyamata. Ogwira ntchito a "Leave It to Beaver", omwe aliyense ali ndi ntchito yofanana kuyambira omaliza maphunziro mpaka wotchi ya golide, sakubwerera. Kuyesa kulikonse kukonzanso mikhalidwe yazachuma yomwe ma boomers anali nayo ndikungotumiza mabwato opulumutsira ku mphepo yamkuntho.
Komabe, pali kale mndandanda wautali wazosintha zomwe zakhala zikusintha zomwe zingayambe kulimbitsa tsogolo lathu ndikugwirizanitsanso ukonde wachitetezo. Ngakhale pakati pazovuta zanthawi yathu yandale, titha kuyamba kupanga nsanja yoti tizizungulira. Kwezani malipiro ochepa ndikumangirira ku inflation. Bwezeraninso malamulo odana ndi mgwirizano kuti mupatse ogwira ntchito mphamvu zambiri motsutsana ndi makampani omwe amawatenga ngati kuti ndi otayidwa. Pendekerani misonkho kutali ndi olemera. Pakalipano, anthu olemera akhoza kulemba chiwongoladzanja cha chiwongoladzanja panyumba yawo yachiwiri ndi ndalama zokhudzana ndi kukhala mwini nyumba kapena (sindikunyengerera) kukhala ndi kavalo wothamanga. Enafe sitingathe kuchotseratu ngongole za ophunzira kapena mtengo wopezera chilolezo chantchito.
Zina mwazosintha za Big Policy Zokonza masiku ano ndikuyesa kumanganso ntchito zaboma kuyambira pansi. Ur-chitsanzo ndi Universal Basic Income, malipiro a mwezi ndi mwezi osafunsidwa mafunso kwa America aliyense. Lingaliro ndikukhazikitsa gawo lazofunikira zamoyo pansi pomwe palibe aliyense m'dziko lotukuka sayenera kuloledwa kugwa. Kampani ya Y Combinator ikukonzekera pulogalamu yoyendetsa yomwe ingapereke $ 1,000 mwezi uliwonse kwa anthu 1,000 omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa komanso zapakati. Ndipo ngakhale, inde, ndizolimbikitsa kuti lingaliro lothandizira osauka lapambana thandizo la DC wonks ndi Ayn Rand tech bros mofanana, ndizofunika kudziwa kuti mapulogalamu omwe alipo monga masitampu a chakudya, TANF, nyumba za anthu komanso chithandizo cha tsiku ndi boma sichili. chibadwa chosathandiza. Iwo apangidwa mwadala chotero. Zingakhale zabwino ngati anthu okondwa ndi mapulogalamu atsopano onyezimira angayesetse pang'ono kuteteza ndi kukulitsa omwe tili nawo kale.
Koma akulondola pa chinthu chimodzi: Tifunika mabungwe aboma omwe amayankha momwe timagwirira ntchito pano. "Zopindulitsa zam'manja," lingaliro lomwe lakhala likukulirakulira kwazaka zambiri, likuyesera kuthetsa kusiyana kwa zero pakati pa ogwira ntchito nthawi zonse omwe amapeza chitetezo chothandizidwa ndi boma ndi makontrakitala odziyimira pawokha omwe sapeza kalikonse. Njira yothetsera izi, mukaganizira, ndiyosavuta mopusa: Gwirizanitsani zopindulitsa kuti mugwire ntchito m'malo mwa ntchito. Malingaliro omwe alipo amasiyana, koma abwinowo amachokera pa mfundo imodzimodziyo: Pa ola lililonse limene mumagwira ntchito, bwana wanu amalowetsa thumba la ndalama zomwe zimalipira mukadwala, kukhala ndi pakati, kukalamba kapena kuchotsedwa ntchito. Thumba limakutsatirani kuchokera kuntchito kupita kuntchito, ndipo makampani akuyenera kuperekapo kanthu kaya mumagwira ntchito kumeneko tsiku, mwezi kapena chaka.
Mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono amalingaliro awa akhala akuchotsa kusatetezeka kwachuma kwa gig kuyambira kale tisanatchule choncho. Ena ogwira ntchito yomanga amakhala ndi โbanki ya olaโ yomwe imadzaza akamagwira ntchito ndipo imapereka zopindulitsa ngakhale ali pakati pa ntchito. Ochita zisudzo ku Hollywood ndi ogwira ntchito zaukadaulo ali ndi mapulani azaumoyo ndi penshoni omwe amawatsatira kuchokera ku kanema kupita ku kanema. Muzochitika zonsezi, phindu limakambidwa ndi mabungwe, koma siziyenera kutero. Kuyambira 1962, California yapereka inshuwaransi "yosankha" yomwe imalola makontrakitala odziyimira pawokha kuti azilipira ngati ana awo adwala kapena avulala pantchito. "Kutsitsa zoopsa kwa ogwira ntchito ndi mabanja sikunali kwachilengedwe," akutero Hacker, wasayansi yandale ku Yale. โKunali kuyesayesa mwadala. Ndipo titha kubwezanso chimodzimodzi. โ
Kuyesera kwina kopanda nzeru ndikukulitsa mapulogalamu a ntchito. Pamene mipata yabwino ikucheperachepera komanso kusalingana kwa malipiro kukuchulukirachulukira, uthenga wa boma kwa anthu osauka kwambiri udakali wofanana ndendende: Simukuyesayesa mokwanira. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, boma silinayese kutero patsa anthu ntchito pamlingo waukulu kuyambira 1970s.
Chifukwa ambiri aife tinakulira m'dziko lopanda iwo, mapulogalamu a ntchito amatha kumveka ngati a Leninist. Ndipotu, si onse. Mu 2010, monga gawo la chilimbikitso, Mississippi adayambitsa pulogalamu yomwe idangobweza olemba anzawo ntchito ndalama zomwe adalipira kuti azigwira ntchito zatsopano - 100 peresenti poyamba, kenako adatsika mpaka 25 peresenti. Ntchitoyi inkafika makamaka kwa amayi omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa komanso omwe anali opanda ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Pafupifupi theka la olandirawo anali osakwana zaka 30.
Zotsatira zake zinali zochititsa chidwi. Kwa otenga nawo mbali wamba, malipiro operekedwawo adatenga milungu 13 yokha. Komabe chaka chitatha pulogalamuyo, ogwira ntchito omwe sanagwire ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali ankalandirabe malipiro pafupifupi kuลตirikiza kasanu ndi kamodzi kuposa mmene ankalandira chaka chatha. Mwina adasunga ntchito zomwe adapeza kudzera muzothandizira kapena zomwe adakumana nazo zidawathandiza kupeza china chatsopano. Komanso, pulogalamuyo inali yopambana. Kupereka ndalama zothandizira ntchito zopitilira 3,000 kumawononga $22 miliyoni, zomwe mabizinesi omwe adalipo adapereka kwa ogwira ntchito omwe sanafunikire maphunziro apadera. Sizinali kupambana kwapayekha. Bungwe la Georgetown Center on Poverty and Inequality limafotokozanso za mapologalamu 15 a ntchito za mโzaka XNUMX zapitazi akuti anali โchida chotsimikizirika, chodalirika, ndiponso chosagwiritsiridwa ntchito mokwanira pokwezera antchito ovutika.โ Ndemangayi idapeza kuti kupereka ndalama zothandizira pantchito kumakweza malipiro ndikuchepetsa ulova wanthawi yayitali. Ana a ophunzirawo anachita bwino kusukulu.
Koma ndisanatengeke ndikulemba mayankho achangu komanso odziwikiratu pazovuta zazaka chikwi, tiyeni tiyime pang'ono kuti tiwone zenizeni: Ndindani tikuseka? A Donald Trump, a Paul Ryan ndi a Mitch McConnell alibe chidwi ndi malingaliro athu atsopano okweza ovutika mwadongosolo. Cholinga chawo chonse cha ndale, kuyambira pa Scrooge McDuck misonkho yosintha misonkho mpaka kuyesa kupha anthu omwe akupitilira Obamacare, adapangidwa momveka bwino kuti awononge mphamvu zomwe zikuyambitsa mavutowa. Kunena za federal, zinthu zikungoipiraipira.
Pazaka khumi zapitazi, mayiko ndi mizinda yapita patsogolo kwambiri potengera chuma chatsopanocho. Kukwera kwa malipiro ochepa aperekedwa ndi ovota m'maboma asanu ndi anayi, ngakhale makona ofiira akuda ngati Nebraska ndi South Dakota. Kutsatira kampeni yayitali ya Working Families Party ndi mabungwe ena omenyera ufulu, mayiko asanu ndi atatu ndi District of Columbia akhazikitsa tchuthi chotsimikizika. Mabilu othana ndi machitidwe amisala oponderezedwa akhazikitsidwa m'malamulo opitilira khumi ndi awiri. San Francisco tsopano imapatsa ogwira ntchito ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa chakudya mwachangu ufulu wophunzirira ndandanda yawo milungu iwiri pasadakhale ndikulipidwa chifukwa chakusintha kwadzidzidzi. Zochita zakomweko ndizodziwika bwino, zogwira mtima komanso chiyembekezo chathu choletsa kusayenda kwadzikolo kukhala pawokha ngati "Mad Max".
Khothi, lomwe ndi nthambi yokhayo ya boma lathu lomwe likugwira ntchito, limapereka njira zina zolimbikitsa. Milandu yamagulu ndi kufufuza kwa boma ndi boma kwadzetsa zigamulo zotsutsana ndi makampani omwe "amasokoneza" antchito awo ngati makontrakitala. FedEx, yomwe imafuna kuti madalaivala ake ena agule magalimoto awoawo ndikugwira ntchito ngati makontrakitala odziyimira pawokha, posachedwapa yafika pakutha kwa $227 miliyoni ndi odandaula opitilira 12,000 m'maboma 19. Mu 2014, woyambitsa wotchedwa Hello Alfred - Uber wa ntchito zapakhomo, makamaka - adalengeza kuti azidalira okha ganyu m'malo mwa "1099s." Chimodzi mwazifukwa, CEO wake adauza Fast Company, ndikuti chiwopsezo chazamalamulo komanso chandalama chodalira makontrakitala chakwera kwambiri. Tsunami yamilandu yofananira pamikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ndi kuba kwa malipiro kungakhale kokwanira kukakamiza kuwerengera komweko kwa CEO aliyense ku America.
Mfundo yofananayo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbadwo wathu wonse. Mu 2018, padzakhala zaka chikwi zambiri kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zovota. Vuto, monga mwamva kale nthawi miliyoni, ndikuti sitivota mokwanira. Ndi 49 peresenti yokha ya anthu aku America azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 35 omwe adavota pachisankho chapulezidenti chapitachi, poyerekeza ndi pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu opambana ndi akuluakulu. (Ndizocheperako pakati pa zisankho zapakati ndipo ndizowopsa pama primaries.)
Koma monga chilichonse chokhudza zaka chikwi, mukangofufuza manambala mumapeza nkhani yovuta kwambiri. Chiwonetsero cha achinyamata ndi chochepa, ndithudi, koma osati padziko lonse. Mu 2012, idachokera ku 68 peresenti ku Mississippi (!) mpaka 24 peresenti ku West Virginia. Ndipo kudera lonselo, Achimereka achichepere omwe adalembetsa kuvota amawonekera pamavoti pafupifupi nthawi zonse ngati achikulire aku America.
Zoona zake nโzakuti, nโkovuta kuti tivote. Ganizirani kuti pafupifupi theka la millennials ndi ochepa komanso kuti zoyeserera zopondereza ovota zimayang'ana kwambiri anthu akuda ndi Latinos. Kapena kuti mayiko omwe ali ndi njira zosavuta zolembetsa ali ndi chiwongola dzanja cha achinyamata chokwera kwambiri kuposa avareji ya dziko. (Ku Oregon ndizodziwikiratu, ku Idaho mutha kutero tsiku lomwelo mutavota ndipo ku North Dakota simudzasowa kulembetsa nkomwe.) Kulandila ufulu wovota ngati chifukwa-kukakamiza andale kutimvera monga momwe amachitira boomers - ndi njira yokhayo yomwe tingapangire New Deal yathu.
Kapena, monga Shaun Scott, wolemba wa Zakachikwi ndi Nthawi Zomwe Zinatipanga Ife, anandiuza kuti, โTikhoza kuchita ndale kapena kutichitira ndale.โ
Ndipo ndizo ndendende zimenezo. Dongosolo la boomer-benefing lomwe tidalandira silinapeweke ndipo silingasinthe. Pali kusankha pano. Kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo yathu, ndi kusiya mwayi wina womwe anali nawo paunyamata wawo kapena kupitiriza kuusunga. Chiyambire 1989, chuma chapakati cha mabanja otsogozedwa ndi munthu wazaka zoposa 62 chawonjezeka ndi 40 peresenti. Chuma chapakati cha mabanja otsogozedwa ndi munthu wosakwanitsa zaka 40 chatsika ndi 28 peresenti. Boomers, zili ndi inu: Kodi mukufuna kuti ana anu akhale ndi ntchito zabwino komanso malo okhala komanso ukalamba wosakhala wa Dickensian? Kapena mukufuna misonkho yotsika komanso malo oimika magalimoto ambiri?
Ndiye pali udindo wathu. Tazolowera kumva kuti sitingathe kuchita chilichonse chifukwa nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi mphamvu zazikulu zomwe sitingathe kuzilamulira. Koma posachedwa, tikhala olamulira. Ndipo funso, pamene tikukalamba kukhala paulamuliro, ndilakuti ngati ana athu tsiku lina adzalemba nkhani yomweyi ponena za ife. Titha kulola kuti chitukuko chathu chachuma chipitirire kuwonongeka ndikudikirira kuti tiwone ngati nyanja zomwe zikukwera zidzatifikitsa mgwirizano wathu usanamwalire. Kapena titha kukhala ndi tsogolo labwino lomwe limawonetsa zomwe timayendera komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso mwayi wonse womwe tikadakhala nawo. Mwinamwake izo zikumveka zopanda pake, ndipo mwinamwake ziri. Koma ine ndikuganiza ife tiri oyenera izo.
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