I ndikufuna kulankhula za sosholizimu yachikazi, osati yachikazi ya sosholisti. Monga wophunzira ku Oxford, ndinachitira umboni mwachindunji ndikuchita nawo msonkhano woyamba ya Womenโs Liberation Movement, yomwe inachitikira ku Ruskin College mu 1970. Dziko langa lonse linagwedezeka. Masomphenya anga a dziko lapansi mpaka pamenepo anali otsogola kwambiri. Kwa akazi zimatanthawuza kukwera mmwamba maulamuliro: kukhala mmenemo, kukwera pamenepo, ndi zina zotero.
Momwe uzimayi unayambira panthawiyo unasinthiratu. Izo zinatsutsa maulamuliro awo, kwenikweni.
Panali katuniyo akuti, โKufanana? Tili ndi zina zabwino m'maganizo. Ndipo ilo linali lingaliro: kuti sitinali kwenikweni za "mwayi wofanana," kapena kufanana mkati mwa dongosolo lomwe linalipo - tinali pafupi ndi china chake chosiyana, ndipo tinali kuyesa kupanga njira ina yokulirapo m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, feminism anali kwambiri munthu. Kuti tisinthe dziko lapansi, tidayamba kuchokera pazomwe takumana nazo, chifukwa chake tinali ndi chidaliro chambiri komanso mphamvu chifukwa cha mgwirizano wapamtima womwe udapangidwa, makamaka osati ndi zomwe timatcha magulu okweza chidziwitso. Zinatipatsa lingaliro lakuti kusintha kudzayamba ndi ife eni.
Chifaniziro ichi - kufotokoza ndi kuyesetsa kutsata m'miyoyo yathu yatsiku ndi tsiku kusintha komwe timafuna kuwona - kudatenga mawonekedwe odzisintha tokha.
Ndili mwana, ndinkakhala wotopa komanso wofuula, koma mwanjira ina m'misonkhano iyi ya Kumanzere, monga Oxford Revolutionary Socialist Students, ndinali chete, ndipo sindinkatha kumvetsa. Zinali zokhuza ma blokes omwe anali mchipindamo, mwina m'modzi kapena awiri omwe ndidawakonda. Mwanjira ina zinandipangitsa kukhala munthu wachete, wokayikakayika ameneyu, zomwe zinkawoneka zachilendo.
Uchikazi, ndi kugawana vuto ndi amayi ena, zinandithandiza kumvetsetsa magwero a izi ndi momwe ndingasinthire maubwenzi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chinapanga izo kupyolera mukukonzekera ndi amayi ena. Ndale, nthawi imeneyo (ndipo mzimu wa '68 udakali wamphamvu mlengalenga, kotero inali nthawi yabwino) yandipatsa chidaliro kuti ndipitirize kumenya nkhondo, sungani chiyembekezo chomwe chimabwera chifukwa chowona mwayi wokhala mbali yamagulu amphamvu kwambiri. kusintha.
Ndinaleredwa ngati wowolowa manja, koma pofika '68 ndinali nditakana kuwolowa manja; Ndinazindikira kuti ufulu wa anthu, ngakhale kuti unkanena kuti ndi wofanana pa nkhani za chikhalidwe ndi zachuma komanso ufulu wa munthu, sudzatha. Zinandionekeratu kuti mfundo zofunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti pakhale kufanana, monga misonkho yachuma ndi misonkho yapamwamba pa phindu lamakampani, zikutsutsana ndi capitalism, ndipo omasuka sanali okonzeka kutero.
Ndinakhala wasosholisti, koma ndinadziwa kuti ndinakana chitsanzo cha Soviet komanso Harold Wilson, Fabian chitsanzo. Ndinali kuyesera ndi chidziwitso kuti kutha kwa capitalism kunali kofunikira, koma popanda kudziwa chomwe socialism inali.
Kotero, kwa ine, chikazi, kupanga chikazi ndi kupanga sosholizimu, zinasonkhana ndikusakanikirana m'maganizo mwanga. Ndikayangโana mโmbuyo, chikhulupiriro cha akazi chinandipatsa zida zogwirira ntchito ku mtundu watsopano wa sosholizimu.
Nditchula โzidaโ zitatu zimene ndinaphunzira kudzera mโchikhulupiriro changa chachikazi, ndi chifukwa chake ndimalankhula za socialism yachikazi. Ndikuganiza kuti socialism yachikazi sichinazindikirike, komabe ndikuganiza kuti ndizodziwikiratu.
Ndimadabwa mobwerezabwereza ndi mfundo yakuti kufunika kwa chikazi pa kukonzanso chikhalidwe cha sosholizimu sikunatengedwepo, komanso kuti Kumanzere kwadutsa monga mwachizolowezi, kupanga zolakwika zake zachizolowezi, mochuluka ngati kuti chikazi sichinachitepo. kuposa kuika akazi pa ndondomeko. Gulu lamanzere lidatengera mfundo zokhuza amayi, koma silinayambenso kuganiziranso za sosholizimu, zomwe ndidawona kuti uzimayi umatipangitsa kuchita.
Chida choyamba ndi cha mphamvu, chachiwiri chokhudza chidziwitso, ndipo chachitatu chimakhudza ubale wapakati pa munthu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Zomwe ndidaphunzira za kusinthika kwa mphamvu ndikuti tinali ndi mphamvu tsiku ndi tsiku. Tinali mosapita m'mbali - Betty Friedan amalankhula za izi - kutulutsa kuponderezedwa kwathu monga ogonana nawo, monga amayi, komanso antchito - m'njira zosiyanasiyana: m'zochita zathu, podziwonetsera tokha. Tinayang'anizana ndi kusankha pakati pa kuberekanso kapena kukana; ndipo kukana ndi gawo laling'ono chabe lofuna kusintha.
Kotero panali lingaliro limenelo la mphamvu yomwe inali mwa ife tokha komanso mu mphamvu zathu zosintha maubwenzi ndi zochita zathu, m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zinandithandiza kuti ndimveke bwino chifukwa chake ndinakana zomwe zimatchedwa kuti Leninist maubale a mphamvu za boma ndi mphamvu za chipani, komanso kumvetsetsa kwa Fabian za mphamvu zomwe boma limapereka chilolezo ndi ndondomeko, osati mphamvu zochokera mwa ife tokha.
Izi zidandipangitsa kutengera ntchito yomwe anthu adachita posiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu - mwachitsanzo, m'njira zosiyanasiyana, John Holloway, Steven Lukes, ndi Roy Bhaskar. Pali mphamvu ngati ulamuliro, zomwe zitha kukhala zomwe timaganiza tikamaganizira za boma: kutenga mphamvu kuti tigwiritse ntchito zida za boma popereka mfundo. Nthawi zina izi zimatchedwa "kugonjetsa".
Ndiye pali mphamvu ngati mphamvu yosintha: mphamvu yosintha zinthu, kuchita zinthu. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "mphamvu ku". Umenewo unali mtundu wa mphamvu zomwe gulu la amayi linkawonetsera, mphamvu zosinthira ndi mphamvu, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ndilo lingaliro lothandiza kwambiri tsopano. Zambiri zomwe Occupy ndi wokwiya zinali pafupi ndi mphamvu ngati mphamvu yosintha. Iwo anali mโmabwalo, anali kupanga mtundu wosiyana wa anthu, kusonyeza mtundu wosiyana wa anthu mโzochita zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ndidakhudzidwanso ndi gulu la shop steward/trade union panjira zake zazikulu komanso zina - pomwe sanali kungokana kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kutsekedwa chifukwa chokhala m'mafakitale, koma kunena kuti, "Tili ndi luso, luso lothandiza lomwe lingakhale maziko amitundu yosiyanasiyana. mitundu ya kupanga." Zinthu zothandiza pagulu osati zoponya, mwachitsanzo, kapena kugwirira ntchito kutembenuka za mafakitale kupita ku chuma chochepa cha carbon.
Kuzindikira uku kwa mphamvu yosinthira yomwe ili pakati pa unyinji wa anthu kumasintha kwathunthu chikhalidwe cha socialism, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokhazikika pamalingaliro amphamvu - mukamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakupanga, pazachuma, ndikuzipereka. munjira iyi yachibaba, popanda kuzindikira mtundu wa mphamvu zomwe anthu ali nazo mu kuthekera kwawo kukana, ndi kusintha. Popanda kuzindikira kudalira kwa mphamvu zomwe zilipo kale pa anthu enieni monga anthu odziwa komanso opanga zinthu.
Kachiwiri, chidziwitso. Zomwe ndidaphunzira kuchokera kumagulu okulitsa chidziwitso komanso kwa oyang'anira masitolo - omwe anali amuna, koma osangalatsa - kunali kufunikira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chidziwitso. Maphwando ambiri achikhalidwe cha sosholisti, akhale Leninist kapena Fabian, amakhulupirira utsogoleri wanzeru. (Beatrice Webb ananena mawu odziwika bwino a Fabian akuti โngakhale kuti munthu wamba amatha kufotokoza vutolo, sakanatha kulithetsa, chifukwa pankafunika akatswiri.โ)
Chidziwitso chinkamveka mwamwambo m'njira yochepetsetsa kwambiri ya sayansi, kuphatikizapo malamulo omwe amamveka ngati kugwirizana kwa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira zake, zomwe zingathe kukhazikitsidwa, kukhala pakati, ndiyeno, kupyolera mu chipangizo chapakati, kupereka maziko a njira yasayansi yokonzekera.
Koma kayendetsedwe ka amayi, ndi magulu ake olimbikitsa kuzindikira, nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi miseche - ndi mitundu ya chidziwitso chomwe sichinavomerezedwe, chidziwitso chotengedwa mumaganizo ndi zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, koma zomwe zinatha kupanga ndondomeko: zipatala za amayi abwino, mitundu yambiri ya anthu. ntchito zamaphunziro, malo ogwiririra - mitundu yonse ya malo azimayi.
Izi zinali ndondomeko zomwe zinapangidwa kudzera mwa amayi omwe amafotokozera zomwe akumana nazo komanso mavuto awo m'njira yozikidwa pa chidziwitso chawo chothandiza. Mofananamo, oyang'anira masitolo akuluakulu sanali kulemba mapepala aatali ozikidwa pa malamulo a sayansi, koma kwenikweni kupanga zinthu zina; adazindikira kuti chidziwitso chawo chinali chachizungulire, chinali chothandiza, komabe amatha kugawirana ndikuwonetseredwa momveka bwino kudzera muzochita, motero amacheza.
Nthawi ina ndinawerenga Hayek, chifukwa cha machimo anga, ndipo izo zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa iye anali kulemba za chidziwitso chamseri, zinthu zomwe timadziwa koma sitingathe kuzinena; ndipo adanena kuti, ngakhale chidziwitso chinapangidwa ndi munthu payekha, chikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa kupyolera mu kayendetsedwe ka msika. Anagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro lachidziwitso chothandiza monga mwala wa maziko a chiphunzitso chake cha neoliberalism.
Ndikunena kuti zomwe tidaphunzira m'mabungwe a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndikuti sichinthu chosankha pakati pa chidziwitso cha sayansi ndi chidziwitso chothandiza; komanso, chofunika kwambiri, si munthu aliyense payekha, monga momwe Hayek anaumirizira. Magulu a chikhalidwe cha anthu, makamaka gulu la amayi, apeza ndi kupanga chidziwitso chachinsinsi monga chogawana ndi anthu. Izi ndi zomwe tinali kuchita. Maubwenzi anali ofunika.
Ndi maubale otani omwe ali ofunikira kuti tichite izi? Chidziลตitso chothandiza chinafunikira kuyanjana ndi anthu, kuti chikhale maziko a mtundu watsopano wakukonzekera, mโlingaliro lowona za mโtsogolo pamene mukuyesa nthaลตi zonse ndi kulabadira zimene zapezedwa. Kumvetsa mphamvu monga zonse mphamvu ndi ulamuliro, ndi chidziwitso monga zothandiza ndi tacitric komanso sayansi, anayala maziko a kumvetsa kosiyana kotheratu Socialism.
Chida chachitatu chili ndi mgwirizano pakati pa munthu ndi anthu. Gulu la amayi linali lokhudza kuzindikira kwa munthu payekha. Tinali kumeneko monga aliyense payekha, chifukwa cha zowawa zathu zaumwini, kuponderezedwa, ndi malingaliro; koma tinamvetsetsa mofulumira kwambiri kuti palibe njira yomwe sitingathe kuzindikira kuthekera kwathu monga akazi popanda gulu la anthu, popanda mphamvu - nthawi zambiri mu mgwirizano ndi magulu ena a chikhalidwe cha anthu - popanda kusintha zikhalidwe zomwe zimayika maubwenzi oponderezawo.
Masiku ano, mitundu yatsopano ya bungwe yomwe ikubwera mu ndale zatsopano, makamaka muzochita zachindunji, ndikugogomezera molunjika ndi mgwirizano, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Koma nthawi zina amawonetsedwa - makamaka ndi anyamata - ngati kuti ndi atsopano. Tsopano, sitinali kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chofanana pamanetiweki, koma magulu athu oyamba azimayi anali okha maukonde, ndipo nawonso anali olumikizidwa. Tinkafufuza, m'njira yokhazikika, yokhazikika pamadongosolo awa.
Sindikufuna kukhala munthu amene amati, "Tidadziwa izi poyamba!" koma: kodi zimapanga kusiyana kuti ena mwa malingaliro ndi zatsopanozi zili ndi mizu yake mu kayendetsedwe ka ufulu, kayendetsedwe kamene kanapangidwa ndi zochitika zolimbana ndi kumasulidwa motsutsana ndi mawonekedwe apamtima komanso ophatikizidwa ndi anthu?
Kodi tingasonyeze bwanji kuti tili ndi maganizo olakwika amene anthu amakumana nawo akamavutika?
Funso lina ndi momwe mungagwirizanitse mphamvu-monga-transformative-capacity ndi mphamvu-monga-ulamuliro. M'gulu la amayi, tidayesetsa kupeza chuma chaboma ku malo osamalira ana, malo ovutikira kugwiriridwa, malo azimayi. Zonsezi zidabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ngati zosintha, koma timafunikiranso chuma chaboma, chomwe tidawona kuti tili ndi ufulu.
M'mawu a bukhu lachikoka kwambiri tidayenera kugwira ntchito motsutsa boma, kuteteza ndi kukulitsa mphamvu zake zogawanso, kuteteza anthu, ndi kupanga malo, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo kusintha kwambiri momwe ndi momwe zinthu za bomazi zimakhalira. zidakhazikitsidwa ndikuyendetsedwa.
Ku Greater London Council, komwe ndidagwirako ntchito Ken LivingstoneUtsogoleri, tinapanga kuti mfundo yofunika. Boma silikanapereka zida zonsezi; komanso sitikadawapereka kumsika, chifukwa alibe mfundo za chisamaliro kapena njira zopanda ndalama zothandizira anthu: zonse zomwe zili mumsika wa capitalist ndizofuna kukulitsa phindu. Koma tidapereka zothandizira ku โmagulu osinthaโ: ku magulu a amayi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo. Ndipo tidagwira ntchito pamsika komanso motsutsana ndi msika kudzera mu Greater London Enterprise Board komanso pochita nawo mgwirizano ndi mabungwe.
Mofananamo, tsopano, pamene maphwando omwe amachokera kumagulu a chikhalidwe cha anthu monga Podemos ndi Syriza (ngakhale ambivalently ndi precariously) akufunafuna mphamvu kapena atenga udindo, tingatenge chiyani kuchokera ku zochitika za feminist socialism zomwe zikugwira ntchito komanso motsutsana ndi boma?
Kodi chinalidi chiwonongeko? Kodi tinaphwanyidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa? Kapena kodi panali kuthekera kwa mtundu wina wadziko - kupitilira kusankha kwanthawi zonse kwa mayiko ochulukirapo kapena ochepera - zomwe sizinachitike, chifukwa socialism yachikazi inali isanakonzekere mokwanira, kapena idagonjetsedwa ndikuyimitsidwa ndi Margaret Thatcher ndi kuukira kwa neoliberal. ?
Nkhaniyi yatengedwa kuchokera ku zokambirana zozungulira ndi Mandy Merck, Nira Yuval-Davis ndi Deborah Grayson, lofalitsidwa ndi Soundings Journal.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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1 Comment
Ndiye Mayi Wainwright ndi mfundo ziti zomwe tonsefe tingatenge kuchokera m'bukuli la socialism? Kupatula zida zitatu zomwe zatchulidwa kenako zidatayika pakulankhula, tipita kuti kuchokera pano?