Owerengera anthu akuyang'ana m'mbuyo - zaka kuchokera pano - pa ziwopsezo zakufa zapachaka zaku America apeza nyenyezi m'zaka za 2020 ndi 2021. Mawu omwe ali kumbuyo kwa nyenyeziyo apereka chifukwa chomwe aku America ambiri adafera zaka izi kuposa zaka. kale.
Kufotokozera, ndithudi, kudzakhala mliri wa Covid-19.
Koma owerengera anthu am'tsogolo, kuti amvetsetse zakufa zaku America koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 21, adzafunika nyenyezi ina. Adzafunika kufotokozera chifukwa chake Achimereka anthawi imeneyo, pamaso mliri womwe unagunda, anali kukhala ndi moyo waufupi kwambiri kuposa anzawo akumayiko otukuka.
Ndi zazifupi bwanji? Kafukufuku yemwe wangosindikizidwa kumene kuchokera ku gulu lapadziko lonse la asayansi 27 a chikhalidwe cha anthu ochokera kumayiko 13 otukuka amapereka manambala ena omwe angatenge Achimerika ambiri modzidzimutsa.
Kalelo mu 1990, mwatsatanetsatane zatsatanetsatane, Azungu aku America adawonetsa zaka 76 zautali wa moyo monga momwe anthu ambiri aku England, Germany, France, Netherlands, Norway, ndi Spain, pomwe akuda aku America akutsalira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Pofika chaka cha 2018, anthu akuda aku America anali atatsala pang'ono kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa moyo ndi anzawo aku White American. Koma Azungu a ku America omwewo anali atagwa kumbuyo kwa Azungu. Kutalika kwa moyo wawo - mliri usanachitike - adatsata anthu aku Europe pafupifupi zaka zitatu zomwe akuda aku US adatsata Azungu aku US.
"Azungu aku America ataya mwayi poyerekezera ndi Azungu," kafukufuku watsopano wakufa kwapadziko lonse akumaliza, "ndi mipata yokulirapo yaimfa yomwe ikutseguka pakati pa Azungu ndi Azungu aku America."
"Kuyerekeza ndi Europe," National Bureau of Economic Research Research akupitiriza, "akusonyeza kuti ziลตerengero za imfa za Akuda ndi Azungu a ku America zikhoza kuchepa kwambiri m'mibadwo yonse komanso kumadera olemera ndi osauka kwambiri."
Nanga ndi chiyani chikulepheretsa ziwopsezo zakufa ku US kuti zigwere "mochuluka"? Ndithudi osati ndalama. United States tsopano amawononga kuwirikiza kawiri, pa munthu aliyense, pankhani ya chithandizo chamankhwala monga mtundu wamba wa ku Ulaya.
Ndalama zingati mayiko osiyanasiyana amathera pa chisamaliro chaumoyo, mwa kuyankhula kwina, sizimangodziwiratu zotsatira za thanzi lawo. Momwe mayiko perekani ndalama zawo, kumbali ina, zikuwoneka kuti zimatiuza zambiri.
United States, pazaka zopitilira makumi anayi tsopano, yasankha kuti chuma chikhale m'matumba a anthu ochepa. United States yakhala yosafanana kwambiri, chitaganya chosoลตa kwambiri pazachuma. Europe idatero osati adatsata zomwezo. Mpaka posachedwapa, ku Ulaya kwakhalabe ndi mwayi wopeza bwino pakati pa zaka za m'ma 20.
United States, mosiyana, yasiya zopindulitsa izi kutha. Nanga nโcifukwa ciani kusalingana kotsatilako kuyenera kusandulika kukhala zotsatila za umoyo wosauka? Epidemiologists - asayansi omwe amaphunzira za thanzi la anthu - akhala akukambirana ndikukambirana za funsoli mzaka zapitazi, kuyambira pakati pa 1990s pomwe anthu otchuka. British Medical Journal adziwa owerenga kuti "kafukufuku wakhudza kusalingana kwa ndalama ndi imfa za makanda, kutalika kwa moyo, kutalika, ndi matenda, ndi kupeza kosasintha kuti kugawika kwa ndalama m'dziko kumakhala kochepa, zotsatira za thanzi zimakhala zocheperapo." Kafukufukuyu, magaziniyo inawonjezera kuti, "akuwoneka kuti akuwonetsa kuti kusalingana kulikonse ndi koyipa kwa thanzi ladziko, mosasamala kanthu za momwe dziko lilili."
Mu ndemanga yaposachedwa ya mabuku, British Equality Trust mfundo ku "nkhawa" monga "mafotokozedwe omveka bwino a kusiyana kwa ndalama zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi thanzi ndi mavuto a anthu."
"M'madera ambiri osafanana, deta imasonyeza, nkhawa za chikhalidwe zimawonjezeka osati pakati pa osauka okha, koma pazovuta zonse," Zindikirani Richard Wilkinson ndi Kate Pickett, olemba buku lotchuka kwambiri la 2009, Mulingo wa Mzimu: Chifukwa Chake Magulu Ambiri Ofanana Pafupifupi Nthawi Zonse Amachita Bwino. "Tonsefe timada nkhawa kwambiri ngati ena amationa kuti ndife okhoza komanso ochita bwino - kapena ngati olephera."
Zowopseza kudzidalira komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu, awiriwo kuwonjezera, "zinakhala magwero amphamvu kwambiri a nkhawa." Ndipo nkhawa imapha.
"Kwa zaka zambiri, andale aku US omwe ali kumanja akhala akukana kuyitanitsa kugawa ndalama komanso inshuwaransi yapadziko lonse lapansi poganiza kuti kusagwirizana kunali mtengo wolipirira ufulu," adatero. akulemba ndi AtlanticDerek Thompson polingalira mozama za data yatsopano yapadziko lonse lapansi ya chiyembekezo cha moyo. "Koma tsopano tikudziwa kuti mtengo wosagwirizana umalipidwa munthu akafa msanga - kwa anthu aku America amitundu yonse, mibadwo yonse komanso amapeza ndalama."
Kufanana kwakukulu kungakhale mankhwala abwino kwambiri omwe dokotala aliyense angapereke.
Sam Pizzigati amasinthanso Inequality.org. Mabuku ake aposachedwa akuphatikizapo Mlandu Wakulipidwa Kwambiri ndi Olemera Sapambana Nthawi Zonse: Kupambana Kuyiwalika pa Plutocracy Zomwe Zinapanga American Middle Class, 1900-1970. Mutsatireni pa @Too_Much_Online.
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