Onse a ku Ulaya ndi United States akukumana ndi mavuto aakulu; pamene iwo ali osiyana mbali zina ali ndi zofanana zofunika kwambiri. Mavuto aku America ndi ankhondo komanso azachuma; zimagwirizana chifukwa America ili ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu, makamaka chifukwa ili ndi chikhumbo chofuna kukhala gulu lankhondo lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimawononga ndalama zambiri, zomwe ndalama zake zimawononga ndalama zambiri. Panthaลตi imodzimodziyo yataya mikangano yake ikuluikulu yambiri pankhondo, zandaleโkapena zonse ziลตiri. Europe yatsala pang'ono kupanga zisankho zofunika pazachuma, komanso ali ndi zovuta zandale, zomwe zotsatira zake zitha kukhala zaka zambiri. Kwenikweni, ku Ulaya funso ndiloti mphamvu za Germany kapena ulamuliro wa chuma cha kontinenti zidzatsitsimutsidwa pansi pa chithunzi cha pan-Europeanism.
United States yakhala ikuyenda molakwika malinga ndi zomwe ingakwanitse. Imadzionabe ngati ili ndi luso lomwe zochitika zazaka zana zapitazi-nkhondo, zovuta zandale, ndi zina zotero- zasonyeza kuti ndi zopitirira mphamvu zake kapena zadziko lililonse- kuzilamulira. America ikuvutika kwambiri kukhala dziko "labwino" lomwe limazindikira malire ndi chikhalidwe cha mphamvu zake. Ikuwononga ndalama zambiri kuti ikwaniritse zolinga zomwe ingakwanitse. Boma la Germany motsogozedwa ndi Angela Merkel likugwiritsa ntchito njira za pan-European kuukitsa mphamvu yaku Germany, koma m'njira zomwe zikupanga kukana kofunikira. Mโnjira zawozawo onse aลตiri United States ndi ambiri a ku Ulaya ali pachisinthiko chachikuluโndipo zidzakhudzana
Iwo amene amatsutsa dziko lomwe lilipo, kaya ndi United States kapena kwina kulikonse, ali ndi zifukwa zokwanira zokhalira opanda chiyembekezo: olungama, magulu a chauvinist akukhala amphamvu ponse pa ndale ndi maganizo ku US, Netherlands, France. Nthawi yomweyo, ku France, Greece, Serbia, Italy, ndi kwina, pulogalamu ya Chancellor waku Germany Angela Merkel yochepetsera chuma chambiri, kuti pakhale bajeti yokhazikika ya boma ndi malingaliro ena osamala ku Europe, yawononga zipani zomwe zimathandizira mavoti ake ofunikira pazisankho. ku France, Greece, ndi zisankho zaku United Kingdom kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Malingaliro austerity a Mayi Merkel, ndi otchedwa technocrats ku Italy ndi kwina kulikonse omwe adawathandiza, tsopano akuteteza. Oponya voti ku Europe ali mkati mowakana ndipo European Union ikhoza kugwa. Ngati itero chuma cha America chidzakhudzidwa makamaka.
Pulogalamu yochepetsetsa ya Mayi Merkel inanyalanyaza zotsatira zake pa nzika wamba ya ku Ulaya; chinali kuwapweteka (mwadala) kaลตirikaลตiri mwatsoka, mโmawonekedwe a ulova, kutsika kwa miyezo ya moyo, maola otalikirapo ndi zaka zogwirira ntchito kwa awo amene akali ndi ntchitoโndipo nthaลตi yoyamba imene iwo akanatha kuvota anachita motero mโnjira imene inapangitsa akatswiri a luso lopanga zinthu zaluso. 'zidakhala zosafunikira. Iye anali wokonzeka kukanidwa pa zisankho, ndipo anali! Koma pofika nthawi ino, zomwe zikuchitika pazisankho sizinasinthe malingaliro ake momwe chuma cha ku Europe chiyenera kusinthira. Sasintha koma iye kapena Purezidenti watsopano waku France, a Francois Hollande, akuyenera kugwada, pang'ono, apo ayi chigawo cha yuro chidzagwa. Nthawi idzadziwa yemwe ayambe kugwedezeka, koma palibe mphamvu ndiyeno mtsogolo sizidzakhala zosapeweka. Ulaya akhoza kuponyedwa mu chisokonezo; likhoza kuthetsa kusiyana kwake kwakanthawi, koma posakhalitsa likhoza kugwa pachuma.
Tsogolo lachuma wamba ku Europe tsopano likukayikira kuposa kale. Zotsatira zaposachedwa za chisankho cha ku France, Greek, ndi zisankho zina kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May zinali kugwa kwa mtengo wa euro ndi kuchepa kwa misika yamalonda ku Ulaya. Ovota kumapeto kwa sabata yapitayi pazisankho zaposachedwa kwambiri ku Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri, komanso koyambirira kwa mwezi uno ku Schleswig-Holstein, anakana kwambiri udindo wachipani cha Merkel, ndikuyika tsogolo lake ndi pulogalamu yake movutikira. Thandizo la a Merkel a Christian Democratic Union latsika mpaka pafupifupi 26% kuchoka pa 35%, zomwe zikuwonetsa zoyipa kwambiri m'boma. Mfundo za Merkel zikubweretsa kugonja kwa ndale kwa magulu ankhondo achitetezo komanso aukadaulo ku Germany komanso ku Europe.
Sarkozy, mulimonse, wachotsedwa pa mphamvu, mochuluka kapena kupitilirapo kuthandizira malingaliro a Germany austerity monga china chilichonse. Kupambana kwa Germany pa tsogolo lazachuma ku Europe sikuthandizidwa m'maiko ambiri omwe adalimbana ndi Germany kawiri, ndipo kuuka kwa mphamvu yaku Germany ndi gawo lofunikira komanso cholinga cha pulogalamu yazachuma ya Merkel. Nkhondo zimenezo ndi zofunikabe: anthu ambiri amakumbukira kwanthaลตi yaitali ndipo anavutika kwambiri mโkati mwa nkhondozo. Kuti anali playboy zonyezimira sanachite Sarkozy zabwino koma sanali, mwa lingaliro langa, wotsimikiza. Iwo omwe adagwirizana ndi malingaliro a Merkel pakusokoneza chuma chamunthu wamba kuti agwirizane ndi bajeti adakanidwa. Kumanzere kwakhala kolimba koma momwemonso kumanja kwakula.
Lingaliro la European Economic Bloc, lomwe lili ndi pulogalamu yofanana yazachuma, ndizovuta kwambiri pazandale kuti zikhazikike poyang'anizana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana andale omwe amatsutsa. Ndikotheka kuposa kale kugwa pakati pa zionetsero za anthu, kukwera kwa ulova ndi zotsatira zoyipa za chikhalidwe cha anthu ochuluka, akale omwe amatsatira malingaliro osamala.
Mavuto mu Asilikali aku America
Amene ali ndi ulamuliro ali ndi zifukwa zambiri zokhalira opanda chiyembekezo, ndipo ambiri a iwo akhalapo kwa nthaลตi yaitali. US imamenya nkhondo - pafupifupi mokakamiza. Masomphenya akuluakulu amphamvu zaku America padziko lapansi amawatsogolera kuti alowererepo m'malo padziko lonse lapansi, koma mpaka pano ataya zochitika zake zambiri, kuphatikizapo nkhondo zazikulu, monga Vietnam, ndipo zasokoneza United States panthawiyi. Palibe mgwirizano pakati pa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zozimitsa moto kapena kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito kapena zida. Zotsatira zake ndikuti ziwerengero zomwe zikukula pakukhazikitsidwa kwa Chitetezo zikukhumudwitsidwa kwambiri ndi dongosolo lamtengo wapatali lomwe limalephera kupereka zotsatira zomwe zalonjezedwa.
Anthu akumanzere si okhawo amene akhumudwitsidwa kapena amakhulupirira kuti tsogolo likuwoneka lopanda pake. Dongosolo silikugwira ntchito momwe likuyenera kuchitira. Sizimagwira ntchito monga momwe omwe ali ndi mphamvu amayembekeza kuti zidzachitika, ndipo ali ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe angawalamulire kuposa a Leftists. Kulephera kwawo kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri; ali ndi mphamvu koma sangathe kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo, ndipo pali zifukwa zambiri. Komanso, akuvomereza kwambiri zimenezi. Okhulupilira ambiri mโmikhalidweyi akadali akhungu ku kulephera kwawo, ndipo ndikukambitsirana za anthu ochepa chabe. Koma pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe dongosolo lomwe lilipo silikukwaniritsa zolinga zake, ndipo ziyenera kuzindikirika ngakhale ngati dongosololi silingagwe posachedwa.
Mu 1992 Wolfowitz adalemba chikalata chomwe chinati US iyenera kukhala mphamvu yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mayiko ena ayenera kuzindikira malo awo mudongosolo ladziko lapansi. Zinali zaukali kwambiri komanso zofuna kutchuka, koma malingaliro ake ndi luntha lake zimasemphana wina ndi mnzake - zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti asagwirizane mochititsa manyazi. Ayenera kuti sanasinthe malingaliro ake koma pofika 2002 anali kuwonjezera zofunikira pazikhumbo zake zazikulu zakale zomwe zidavomereza kuti dziko lapansi linali lovuta kwambiri kuposa zomwe adanena kale. Koposa zonse, iye anavomereza kuti munthu sangadziลตe zimene zingachitike pambuyo pakeโmavuto aakulu amene United States ndi dziko lapansi anakumana nawo anali osadziลตika. "...Ndikutanthauza, tilibe ndondomeko ya nkhondo pazochitika zadzidzidzi ... zomwe tingakumane nazo mu 2010 kapena 2015. Tiyenera kupeza njira zina zoyezera ngozi mwanjira imeneyo ...."
Ngati simungathe kulosera mungakonzekere bwanji? Yankho lake ndi lomveka: simungathe; mumapitirira mwakhungu. Koma ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito ndalama monga momwe bungwe la US Defense likuchitira, khungu pamtundu wa ziwopsezo ndizovuta kwambiri kuti mutaya ndalama za okhometsa misonkho ndikusokonekera m'dziko, mocheperako kulowa munkhondo. Ndalamazo, makamaka, zimapangitsa kuti opanga zida apindule ndikupanga ntchito koma alibe ubale wocheperako ndi zosowa zenizeni zankhondo kapena zovuta zamtsogolo zankhondo. Ngongole yonse ya feduro mchaka cha 2013 inali $17.5 trilioni. Pali njira zina zowerengera izi koma posakhalitsa ndalama zazikuluzikuluzi ziyenera kukumana nazo popanda kubweretsa mavuto azachuma, ndipo izi ndizovuta kwambiri.
Palibe woukira wakunja yemwe adapambanapo nkhondo ku Afghanistan, ndipo kupambana pankhondo sikufanana ndi kupambana nkhondo. Anthu ambiri aku America ali lero - mosiyana ndi pomwe idayamba - motsutsana ndi kupitiliza nkhondo yolimbana ndi a Taliban, mkangano womwe wachitika kale kwazaka khumi ndikuwononga US pafupifupi 4,500. US idapambana nkhondo zambiri ku Vietnam koma idagonja. Yesetsani kuti mupambane nkhondo yaku Korea, kupita ku Yalu ndikuyembekeza kugwirizanitsanso Korea, makamaka idamenya nkhondo yaku Korea mpaka pachimake chomwe chinatha pafupifupi pa 38th parallel - pomwe idayambira - pambuyo pake atsogoleri ankhondo ndi ndale aku America adati. sakanamenyanso nkhondo ina yapamtunda ku Asia. John Foster Dulles, Mlembi wa boma wa Purezidenti Eisenhower, adanena kuti adzagwiritsa ntchito zida za atomiki m'tsogolomu. Koma a US pambuyo pake adamenya nkhondo ina yayikulu ku Vietnam yokhala ndi zida zambiri zamoto wamba - nkhondo yomwe pamapeto pake idaluza. Pamene adalowamo iwo samadziwa kalikonse ku Washington yovomerezeka kuti ataya kwambiri kapena kuti nkhondoyo ikhala nthawi yayitali ndikuwononga ndalama zambiri.
Pakadali pano, ngakhale akumenya nkhondo ku Vietnam malingaliro aku America, maziko omwe adagula zida zawo - ndikuti adzamenya nkhondo makamaka ku Europe motsutsana ndi USSR. Anawononga madola mabiliyoni ambiri pazida zomwe zidapangidwira bwino ku Europe - pankhondo yanyukiliya yomwe sanamenyanepo ndipo sakanamenya nawo, chifukwa idatanthauza kuwonongana.
Koma ngakhale Wolfowitz pomalizira pake adadziwa za vutoli: ngati simungathe kuneneratu kuti simungathe kukonzekera, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kukhala wamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe ndi zodula kwambiri, zovuta kwambiri. Dziko la US silingathe kuwononga ndalama popanda malire - zomwe sizingatheke - ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri monga momwe zimafunira ndizofunikira, ngakhale sizokwanira, kuti zikhale zopambana padziko lonse lapansi. Malingaliro ake oyambirira ali ndi malingaliro ochepa a malire. Mu 1992 adaganiza kuti US ikuyenera kuchitapo kanthu ponseponse, ngati kuti yakhazikika ku Korea ndikugonja ku Vietnam - makamaka zomwe zidachitika ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan - zikuwonetsa kuti United States ilibe mphamvu zokwanira kukwaniritsa malingaliro ake akuluakulu. zochokera pa chiphunzitso osati zenizeni. Iye anali adakali munthu wokhulupirira za Ufulu koma pofika 2002 anali ndi malire.
Wolfowitz ndi wamalingaliro, wotsutsa, yemwe amakana kuvomereza malire a mphamvu zaku America. Koma, monga momwe akunenera, atsogoleri ankhondo aku America sananeneretu za Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (zambiri zina zofunika) - komanso kugwa kwa USSR mu 1991, zomwe zimawopseza zomwe adawononga mabiliyoni ambiri kukonzekera kumenya nkhondo. nkhondo ndi. Iwo adalephera kuzindikira mpaka kuwonongeka kunachitika kuti sakapambana nkhondo yolimbana ndi a Communist aku Vietnamese. Panalibe zida zowononga anthu ambiri ku Iraq-ndipo nkhondo yomwe Wolfowitz adanena kuti idzalipidwa ndi ndalama zamafuta aku Iraq-zomwe sizinali zoona. Iraq yasiyidwa m'mavuto azandale komanso katangale, ndipo pomwe mafuta ena akuchotsedwa, zochitika zandale komanso zandale kumeneko zimalepheretsa mafuta kupopa momwe angathere. Wokhometsa misonkho waku US adalipira mtengo wankhondo kumeneko-pafupifupi madola thililiyoni, kuphatikiza ndalama zosalunjika monga zopindulitsa zankhondo.
Zofunikira Zatsopano
Tsopano US.' Zofunikira zasuntha, pakadali pano, kubwerera ku Pacific, komwe, kumatanthauza China. Nkhondo ya Iraq isanachitike, Bush Administration, makamaka Secretary of Defense, a Donald Rumsfeld, anali wofunitsitsa kulimbana ndi China. Izi ndi quixotic. China ndi yamphamvu kwambiri tsopano kumenya nkhondo; ali kale amphamvu kwambiri kuposa momwe Iran idzakhalire. Mfundo yakuti ndi yaikulu kwambiri pa malo ndi yokhayo yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale chisankho; Lilinso ndi zida za nyukiliya ndi njira zoperekera zidazo. Nkhondo ndi China ingatanthauze kudzipha kwa dziko la United States ndipo sizingatheke kumenyana nayo, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndani akufuna kukonza zomwe akuwona kumeneko.
Kuti Ulamuliro wa Obama ukuganiza izi ndikuwonetsa momwe zimakhazikikirabe mu Cold War malingaliro. Pentagon imagawidwa pazinthu zofunika kwambiri, Zomwe akuganiza kuti ndizofunikira zimadalira ntchito, momwe amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zawo pa zida ndi zomwe akuganiza kuti zidazi ndizoyenera kwambiri. Mkangano pakati pa mautumikiwa umakhalabe chinthu chokhazikika pakuwunika njira zaku US, ndipo wakhalapo kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Chokhacho chomwe mautumikiwa amafanana ndikukhulupilira kuti mphamvu zaku US ziyenera kulamulira dziko lapansi. Ndizosamvetsetseka koma ndizofanana ndi zomwe asitikali aku US amagawana.
Kwa zaka theka kapena kupitilira apo bajeti ndi mapulani ake amayenera kuyika patsogolo njira zake, koma zochita zake ndi machitidwe ake zakhala zikutsogozedwa mwachisawawa ndi zochitika zodabwitsa m'maiko ang'onoang'ono, osauka kwambiri, malo - monga Korea ndi Vietnam, ndi kenako Iraq ndi Afghanistanโkumenedi phindu lachipambano lili lochepa. Kuyambira kale amakhulupirira kuti kulamulira kwa Ulaya ndi kulimbana ndi Soviets kunali kofunikira pa ulamuliro wa dziko lonse-muzu wa zoipa zonse unali ku Moscow. . Koma m'malo mwake idagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zidapangidwira ku Europe m'maiko a Third World. Zalephera kugwirizanitsa zochita zake ndi chuma chake ndi zofunikira zake, zomwe zakhala zikuyang'ana ku Ulaya.
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe America idalephera kulamulira pazofunikira zake komanso kulowa m'mabwinja monga Vietnam, Korea, Iraq, ndi Afghanistan. Idathandizira iraq ndi Saddam Hussein, yemwe pambuyo pake adakhala mdani wake, motsutsana ndi Iran, ndi magulu omenyera nkhondo odana ndi Soviet (makamaka okhulupirira Chisilamu monga a Taliban) ku Afghanistan. Zopanda nzeru kapena ayi, "kudalirika" kwa mphamvu zake - mphamvu yake yopambana pamene idayamba kutero - inali chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa nkhondo ya Vietnam. Inkafuna kusunga chithunzi cha mphamvu yankhondo ya US kukhala yosagonjetseka; sichinatero, ndipo chinatuluka chikuwoneka chomvetsa chisoni. Zogwirizana pang'ono ndi izi zinali malingaliro aku America kuti zitha kuchita bwino kulikonse. Ku Latin America idapambana nthawi zina koma palibe pomwe idayesa mwamphamvu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyaka moto monga idachitira ku Vietnam kapena kutaya zochuluka, kutchuka komanso ndalama. Akuluakulu ena a ku America, ocheperapo omakula, sanakhutire kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha usilikali, pozindikira kuti chinachake chinali cholakwika; Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa apolisi omwe adawona nkhondo poyamba-mosiyana ndi ma neo-cons ambiri, omwe makamaka ali aluntha osagwirizana ndi zenizeni. Koma maofesala ambiri amakhalabe sasamala za kuganiza mozama kotere.
Vuto ndilakuti palibe dziko, kuphatikizapo US, lomwe lingathe kulamulira dziko lonse lapansi, lomwe ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo pali malire ku mphamvu zamtundu uliwonse. Mayiko osauka, osatukuka, kumene chuma chofunika kwambiri chankhondo chimagawika m'madera komanso kumene adani amapezerapo mwayi pa izi, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwagonjetsa. Olamulira aku America, kaya aku Republican kapena Democrats, makamaka a Pentagon, amangokana kuvomereza izi. Zosakayikira zokha, mitundu ya gung-ho imakwezedwa muutsogoleri wankhondo waku America, motero amabwereza zolakwika zakale ndipo samafunsa mafunso ofunikira.
Palinso zifukwa zina zambiri za kulephera kwa Amereka kuwonjezera pa mkhalidwe wofanana wa atsogoleri ankhondo amene amakhalabe ndi zilakolako zofanana ndi zimene anali kuchita mibadwo yambiri yapitayo, ngakhale kuti kugaลตidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha ulamuliro wadziko lonse, pazachuma ndi zankhondo, zasintha kwambiri kuyambira 1945. Chifukwa chimodzi. US ilibenso chilichonse choyandikira kulamulira kwa zida za nyukiliya, chowonadi chokhacho ndi chotsimikizika, chifukwa mayiko ambiri apanga kale mabomba a nyukiliya ndipo ukadaulo wochitira izi ndiwopezeka kwambiri. Mayiko ochulukirachulukira amatha kupanga kapena kungogula zida zanyukiliya.
Chofunikanso, ndi chakuti ma proxies aku US aku America, omwe amagwirizana nawo m'maiko osiyanasiyana a Dziko Lachitatu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ankhanza, kusokoneza anthu akumaloko, kuwononga ndalama zambiri za okhometsa misonkho aku America chifukwa chakuba ndi ziphuphu zamitundumitundu. Ambiri m'gulu lankhondo akambirana kuti kulephera kwa anzawo am'deralo osakhulupirika, kapena ma proxies, kuli vuto lalikulu lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha kulephera kwawo pankhondo. Zinali zofunikira kwambiri ku Vietnam ndipo ndizovuta m'malo ena ambiri.
Daniel Byman, mu monograph ya US Army's Strategic Warfare Institute. โKupita Kunkhondo Ndi Ogwirizana Nawo Amene Muli Nawo,โ ikulongosola vuto la ogwirizana nawo akumaloko a United States amene amadziloลตetsa mโchitsenderezo choonekeratu ndi chankhanza monga kupha otsutsa andale zadziko ndi mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi akuluakulu a tchalitchi.โโ kupanga chipambano chenicheni mโChilatini. America zambiri "zosatheka." Ogwirizana nawo anali osayenerera, asilikali awo โsafuna kumenyana,โ ali ndi โutsogoleri woipaโ umene nkhaลตa yawo yaikulu ndiyo kukhalabe paulamuliro ndi kusunga kuyenderera kwa chuma mโnkhokwe zawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuyang'ana mabungwe awo achitetezo, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowagonjetsa, ndipo nthawi zina kusunga otsutsa, kaya a Chikomyunizimu kapena osintha mtundu wina kapena wina, kukhala ndi moyo wokwanira kuti aku America apitirize kuwathandiza - m'mawu amodzi, nthawi zambiri safuna kupambana kuopera kuti angataye mwayi wopita ku America cornucopia.
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti akuchitapo kanthu kuti aletse kuipa kwakukulu kwa Chikomyunizimu, US imagwira ntchito ndi mafumu, monga Saudi Arabia, omwe amadziwika ndi "ziphuphu" ndipo ali ndi nzeru zopanda nzeru komanso asilikali osagwira ntchito. Monograph ya Bauman ndi mndandanda chabe wa zifukwa zomwe US โโidalephera. Kufunika kwake kwenikweni sikuli kuti sitikudziwa izi koma kuti Asitikali aku US adathandizira kafukufuku wa chifukwa chake amaluza nkhondo. Chifukwa chiyani likulu lankhondo la US Army lidaphunzira vuto lofunikirali, sitinganene motsimikiza, koma SSI ndiye malo akulu anzeru zankhondo ndipo mwina akuluakulu ena ankhondo atopa kutsata njira yotayika mobwerezabwereza.
Lt. Col. Donald D. Davis, atapita ku Afghanistan konse mu 2010 ndi 2011, adatsimikiza kuti boma la Karzai silikupita patsogolo. Ndi yachinyengo kwambiri komanso yofuna kulimbikitsa mphamvu zake zomwe. Akuluakulu a Pentagon amakana zophophonya izi koma ena - atolankhani makamaka - akambirana kale za zolephera za Karzai. Ndi nkhani yodziwika bwino yotsutsana ndi America; zimadalira ma proxies omwe ali osakhazikika komanso osadalirika kuti apambane. Koma ambiri pamapeto pake amalephera.
A National Intelligence Estimate mu Disembala 2011-yomwe makamaka CIA idapanga- idafika pamaganizidwe ofanana ndi a Davis. A Taliban adzapambana podikirira aku America.
Kusapeลตeka kwa Ndalama Zazikulu Zankhondo zaku America
Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kwa Pentagon pazankhondo kwawonetsa kuti sikukwanira kupambana pankhondo ndi ndale m'maiko osawerengeka komwe US โโyayesetsa kuti apambane. Koma bajeti yake yayikulu imapanga ntchito zambiri ndikuthandizira kusunga chuma cha America. Makampani omwe amatchedwa chitetezo ali ndi chikoka chachikulu mu Nyumba ndi Senate, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakakamiza dipatimenti yachitetezo kuti isunge ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo - kuphatikiza zomwe sizigwira ntchito - zopangidwa m'maboma awo ndikugwiritsa ntchito anthu am'deralo - zomwe zimavotera gulu lankhondo. olamulira.
Cold War idatha mwadzina pamene USSR idagwa mu 1991, koma bajeti ya Cold War, ndalama zochulukirapo zankhondo, zakhazikitsidwa kuyambira 1950, ndipo ntchito m'malo ambiri a US zimadalira iwo. Kuwonongeka kwa boma pazantchito zachitetezo kumaperekedwa pafupipafupi: Kansas, Washington, ndi Texas amatsogolera paketi. Koma ngakhale mu 1950 US, mu pepala lodziwika bwino, lomwe tsopano silikudziwika bwino la National Security Council 68, lolembedwa makamaka pansi pa Paul Nitze, lidasinthiratu "Keynesianism yankhondo" ngati njira yopangira chitukuko, kugawa ndalama zogulira usilikali komanso zoperewera zomwe Congress silingatero. kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi zolinga zamtendere. Ndondomeko yonyozayi pansi pa Pulezidenti Harry Truman's Democratic Administration inakakamizika ku Congress chifukwa a Republican pansi pa Senator Robert Taft waku Ohio ankafuna kulinganiza bajeti koma ankawopanso kuti azitchedwa "ofewa pa Chikomyunizimu" ngati sanagawire ndalamazo. Truman ankafuna Pentagon, Marshall Plan, ndi Truman Doctrine. Zinagwira ntchito, ndipo chisankho cha Demokalase chinali chachikulu; zidapangitsa kuti ndalama zogulira zida zankhondo zikhale zofunika kwambiri pachuma cha America pambuyo pake. Iwo adakhala, kuyambira nthawi ino kupita m'tsogolo, gawo lokhazikika pazachuma chonse cha America, komanso chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chikupanga ngongole yayikulu yomwe ili nayo lero pafupifupi $18 thililiyoni.
Dziko Likusintha
Onse aku Europe ndi United States ali pamavuto. Chifukwa cha danga sindimayang'ana kwambiri mavuto azachuma aku America, kupatula kuti ndalama zomwe amawononga pankhondo ndizomwe zimayambitsa kupereลตera kwake kwakukulu. Posakhalitsa iyenera kukumana ndi mfundo yakuti ngati sichichepetsa ngongoleyi ikhoza kusokoneza ntchito yapadziko lonse ya dola ya US.
Mavuto aku Europe ndi azachuma komanso ndale. Ndipo Ajeremani akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zachuma kuukitsa mphamvu zandale zomwe anali nazo Germany asanagonjetse nkhondo ziwiri za ku Ulaya. Adzalephera, mwina, chifukwa Boma la Merkel limapweteka osati Agiriki, Spaniards, ndi nzika zina za mayiko a ku Ulaya komanso Ajeremani-omwe angavotere Merkel.
Tikulowa m'nthawi yovuta ku US ndi Europe!
GABRIEL KOLKO ndi wolemba mbiri wamkulu wankhondo zamakono. Iye ndiye mlembi wa classic Zaka Zaka mazana a Nkhondo: Ndale, Mikangano ndi Gulu Kuyambira 1914, Zaka XNUMX za Nkhondo? ndi Age of War: US Ikumana ndi Dziko Lapansi ndi Pambuyo pa Socialism. Adalembanso mbiri yabwino kwambiri yankhondo yaku Vietnam, Anatomy of War: Vietnam, US ndi Modern Historical Experience. Buku lake laposachedwa ndi Dziko Lili Pamavuto. ?
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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