Pwokhala Joe Biden adasunga lonjezo kwa Lula da Silva pomuthokoza chifukwa "mfulu, chilungamo komanso wodalirikaโ zisankho patadutsa mphindi zochepa zotsatira za Lamlungu zidalengeza kuti Lula ndiye wopambana pa Jair Bolsonaro.
Pundits ali nazo kutanthauzira zomwe akuluakulu a Biden adanena pa zisankho zaku Brazil monga ziwonetsero kuti zidayambitsa Lula pa mdani wake, yemwe amadziwika kuti "Lipenga la Tropical.โ Mfundo imeneyi ndi yosocheretsa kwambiri, ngati si yolakwika kwenikweni.
Chomwe Washington chadetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi Lula ndikuyambiranso gulu lamphamvu lomwe silinagwirizane komanso chiyembekezo choti wopita patsogolo ngati Lula akakhala pampando. Pamaudindo ake awiri am'mbuyomu, Lula adadziyimira ngati mneneri wa Global South.
Nthawi zasintha kuyambira pamenepo. Pali kuchuluka kwa maboma omwe ali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, omwe kale anali ogonjera ku US ndipo tsopano akutsutsa molimba mtima zomwe Washington inanena, zomwe zimapanga nthaka yachonde pakukulitsa gulu la mayiko omwe sali ogwirizana omwe alimbikitsidwanso ndi kutsutsa maganizo a NATO ku Ukraine.
Anthu ambiri padziko lapansi, kuchokera ku China ndi India kupita ku South America ndi Africa, sanalowe nawo mu ulamuliro wa chilango chotsutsana ndi Russia ndipo pang'onopang'ono akugwirizana ndi njira yatsopano yopezera chuma, zachuma ndi zamalonda kumadzulo.
Komanso, kulephera kwathunthu kwa maulamuliro akuluakulu padziko lapansi, makamaka US ndi Western Europe, kuti athetse mgwirizano wothetsa mkangano wa Ukraine, kumatsegula mwayi kwa mtsogoleri ngati Lula, yemwe pa ntchito yake yonse wakhala akuchita bwino pokambirana ndi ndale zandale zosiyanasiyana. .
Foreign Policy Patsogolo
Kupambana kwa Lula Lamlungu kunali kocheperako ndi 50.9 peresenti ya mavoti ku 49.1 a Bolsonaro. Monga momwe amachitira utsogoleri wake wakale (2003-2010), pakati ndi kumanja, kuphatikiza zipani zogwirizana ndi Bolsonaro, aziwongolera msonkhano. Kusakhazikika kwamphamvu kumeneku mosakayikira kudzakakamiza Lula kuti achitepo kanthu pazanyumba, monga kufewetsa lonjezo lake lopereka msonkho kwa olemera.
Koma pankhani ya malamulo akunja sadzakhala pansi pa zovuta zapakhomo ndipo ali wokonzeka kusunga lonjezo lake la kampeni kuti achitepo kanthu pazochitika za chigawo ndi dziko lonse lapansi. M'mawu ake achipambano ku Sao Paulo Lamlungu adalonjeza kuti asintha dziko la Brazil "diso"Makhalidwe apadziko lonse lapansi, zotsatira za kunyoza kwa Bolsonaro pazokambirana ndi zonena zake zonyansa, monga kuimba mlandu China chifukwa cha Covid ndi Leonardo DiCaprio chifukwa cha Moto wa Amazonia mu 2019.
Atangoyamba kulamulira mu 2003, bungwe la Washington linkawona Lula ngati wodalirika komanso wotsutsana ndi zoyaka moto monga Hugo Chรกvez, Evo Morales ndi Nรฉstor Kirchner. Nduna yakale yakunja yaku Mexico, Jorge Castaรฑeda, mu mbiri yake yotchuka buku Zotsalira: Nkhani za Awiri a ku Latin America Kumanzere, adayamika Lula kuti anali wolunjika ndikumusiyanitsa ndi "kumanzere koyipa" kwa Chรกvez & Co. omwe adawatchula kuti "populist" ndi "anti-American."
Koma khalidwe labwino la Lula linasintha mu 2010, osati chifukwa cha ndondomeko zapakhomo za Lula, koma ndondomeko yake yachilendo, makamaka kuzindikira kwake dziko la Palestina pamaziko a malire a 1967. Maboma ena khumi ndi awiri aku Latin America adatsatiranso zomwezo. Chaka chomwecho Lula, m'mawu a Reuters, "adakwiyitsa Washington"Pazokambirana zake ndi Mahmoud Ahmadinejad komanso kuteteza pulogalamu ya nyukiliya ya Iran.
Pambuyo pake, Lula sanalinso yankho lamanzere la pragmatic populism, koma adawonetsedwa ngati wokonda anthu. The Wall Street Journal adalemba nkhani yofotokoza gawo loyamba la zisankho zapulezidenti zomwe zidachitika pa Oct. 2, zomwe zidayika Lula patsogolo, โPopulism Yapambana Chisankho cha Brazil. " WSJ mkonzi Mary Anastasia O'Grady analemba kuti: "Tsopano Lula akulonjezanso kuti azichita bwino. Ubwino wake waukulu pazandale ndi mawonekedwe ake monga wokonda anthu ambiri. โ
Mawu omveka ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha anthu ambiri, koma pa nkhani ya Lula, zomwe US โโโโakuda nkhawa nazo ndizochitika zenizeni zomwe angatenge ngati purezidenti zomwe zingatsutsane ndi US hegemony. Chiwopsezochi chimachokera makamaka ku gulu la mayiko asanu amphamvu omwe amapanga BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, ndi South Africa.
Akuluakulu okayikira ku Washington ndi akatswiri adatsutsa misonkhano ya gululi kuti "kuyankhula masitoloโ ndi maboma amene anali ofanana pangโono kapena osafanana. Izi zinali mfundo za Secretary of State panthawiyo Mike Pompeo "Mukukumbukira BRICS?"Tweet atachoka paudindo, pomwe adanenanso kuti kuopa kwa India ndi Brazil ku Russia ndi China kudapangitsa kuti bungweli likhale lopanda ntchito. Tsopano, patatha zaka ziwiri kuchokera ku Ukraine komanso pomwe Lula adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti, kukayikiraku kukuwoneka kuti kuli kopanda maziko.
Lula anamangidwa mu 2018 pazifukwa zomwe omutsatira ake akuti ndi zabodza za katangale. Poyankhulana mndende mu 2019, adati "BRICS sinapangidwe kukhala chida chodzitetezera, koma kukhala chida chomenyera nkhondo. Zomwe adalemba chaka chino paulendo wopita ku BRICS, komanso mabungwe am'madera monga Community of Latin America ndi Caribbean States (CELAC) (omwe Bolsonaro adachokapo) ndi Union of South America Nations. (UNASUR), adalimbikitsa uthengawu. Atakumana ndi Lula tsiku lotsatira kupambana kwake Lolemba, Purezidenti waku Argentina Alberto Fernandez anati, โโndi Lula, tsopano tidzakhala ndi wotilimbikitsa kuti alowe nawo ku BRICS.โ
Washington ikuwona kuwonjezereka kwa BRICS ngati chiwopsezo, chokulitsidwa ndi umembala wa Russia ndi China m'bungwe. M'masabata omaliza a kampeni ya Purezidenti waku Brazil, National Endowment for Democracy (NED), analemba kuti:
"Ndi BRICS ... ikuyenera kukula kuti iphatikizepo Argentina, Iran, ndipo mwina Egypt, Saudi Arabia, ndi Turkey, Russia ikhoza kupeza mabwenzi ochulukirapo, omwe pamodzi akuyimira gawo lalikulu la GDP yapadziko lonse komanso gawo lalikulu la anthu padziko lonse lapansi. โ
Kodi Lula ndi 'Neutral' bwanji?
Washington sangasangalale konse ndi momwe Lula alili pankhondo yaku Ukraine. Lula wanenetsa kuti bungwe la BRICS litengapo gawo pofufuza njira zomwe akambirana ndipo akudzipereka kuyesa kuthetsa mgwirizano wamtendere. M'mawu a Telesur, Lula anati "Mtendere ukhoza kufikidwa pagome la bar, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale chipwirikiti mu nthumwi za Ukraine ku Brazil."
Koma sikuti kuopa kokha kuti Lula ali pafupi ndi Russia ndi China kuposa momwe alili ku Washington (yomwe ali) yomwe imalepheretsa opanga malamulo a US usiku. Mosiyana ndi Washington, Lula adavomereza kuvomerezeka kwa demokalase yaku Venezuela ndipo, malinga ndi mtolankhani Ben Norton, adanena atolankhani akumaloko akuti Purezidenti wodziwika ku United States Juan Guaidรณ ndi "chigawenga chofuna kukhala m'ndende."
Madzulo a chisankho, Lula adanena ndi Economist โAnthu amangolankhula za Nicaragua, Cuba, ndi Venezuela. Palibe amene amalankhula za Qatar. Palibe amene amalankhula za United States. "
Ndalama ya BRICS
Lula adanenetsa kuti, kuyambira pomwe chipani chake cha Workersโ Party chidataya mphamvu mu 2016, kuti cholakwika chachikulu cha BRICS chinali kulephera kukhazikitsa ndalama yatsopano yolimbana ndi dola. Poyankha kuchokera kundende, Lula adakumbukira, โNdikambitsirana za ndalama zatsopanoโฆ Obama anandiimbira foni, akundiuza kuti, โKodi mukuyesera kupanga ndalama yatsopano, yuro yatsopano?โ Ndinati, โAyi, ndikungofuna kuchotsa dola ya U.S. 'โ
Chiyembekezo cha ndalama zosungira za BRICS ndizovuta kwambiri mu 2022 ndipo mayiko asanu omwe ali mamembala ake ndi omwe ali kumbuyo kwa lingaliroli. Zowonadi, chaka chino ndalama za mayiko onse asanu a BRICS zapambana Yuro.
Zida zandale za Washington pa dollar zimapitilira mkangano wamphamvu kwambiri ndi Russia ndi China pomwe zilango zomwe US โโโโzapadziko lonse lapansi zabweretsa zabweretsa mavuto kwa anthu aku Global South kuphatikiza ku Cuba, Venezuela, Iran, ndi Nicaragua.
Mzati Umodzi Wotsutsa Ambiri
Lingaliro la "dziko lamitundu ingapo" lomwe Lula amakonda kutchula likuwonetsa kuwonekera kwa magulu osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza mayiko omwe sali ogwirizana. Nkhani ya m'nyengo yachilimweyi Malonda Achilendo ndi Shivshankar Menonor, katswiri wa chitetezo cha dziko, amasonyeza malingaliro a ambiri ku Washington omwe amasamala za kusagwirizana.
"Njira zapadziko lonse lapansi zikakanika kapena kulibe ..., sizodabwitsa kuti atsogoleri amatembenukira kusagwirizana. Pamene United States, Russia, China, kapena maulamuliro ena akukakamiza maiko ena kusankha mbali, mโpamenenso maikowo adzakopeka ndi kudzilamulira mwadongosolo, zomwe zingapangitse dziko losauka ndi lankhanza pamene maiko amachepetsa kudalirana kwakunja ndi kulimbikitsa kwawo kwawo.โ
Ena kumanzere nawonso ali ndi nkhawa. Wothandizira ndale kwa nthawi yayitali Greg Godels amatcha multipolarity "lingaliro lomwe linakambidwa koyamba ndi akatswiri ofufuza za bourgeois kufunafuna zida zomvetsetsa momwe ubale wapadziko lonse lapansi ukuyendera" ndipo akuwonjezera "palibe zitsimikizo kuti mitengo yomwe imatuluka kapena kutsutsa nkhondo yapambuyo pa Cold-Pole ndi sitepe yakutsogolo kapena kubwerera m'mbuyo chifukwa ndi mitengo ina. .โ
Kukhalapo kwa boma latsankho la Narendra Modi waku India ku BRICS ndi chikhumbo cha Saudi Arabia chofuna kulowa nawo kumapangitsa kukayikira za kupita patsogolo kwa bungweli.
Lingaliro laposachedwa la Saudi Arabia loti awononge US pokana pempho la a Biden kuti azipopa mafuta ochulukirapo kuti athandize kutsitsa mitengo yapadziko lonse ndikuvulaza Russia sikupangitsa kuti dzikolo lisayankhe. Koma ndichifukwa chake utsogoleri wopita patsogolo ngati Lula pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi wofunikira kwambiri - ndipo umayambitsa mantha ku Washington.
Gulu loyambilira la non-aligned movement (NAM) linakhazikitsidwa mโzaka za mโma 1950 ndi atsogoleri monga Josip Broz Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser ndi Kwame Nkrumah, onse anasiyidwa kutsamira ndi kudzipereka ku socialism. Gululi linathandiza kwambiri kuti anthu achotsedwe atsamunda, kuponyedwe pansi zida, komanso kutsutsa tsankho komanso tsankho.
NAM ikadalipo koma Soviet Union yapita, imodzi mwa mphamvu ziwiri zomwe gululo silinagwirizane nazo. Ndi U.S. yokha yomwe yatsala. Lula sanabise kutsutsa kwake kwa US, ngakhale kukayikira kwake kuti ofufuza aku US adagwirizana ndi otsutsa aku Brazil pomutsekera m'ndende, mlandu womwe wakhala wabwino. zolembedwa ndi chotengera nkhani Brasilwire.
Lula ali wokonzeka kukhala mtsogoleri wa funde lomwe likupita patsogolo lomwe lasesa Latin America, kuyambira ndi chigonjetso cha Andrรฉs Manuel Lรณpez Obrador ku Mexico mu 2018.
Funso lenileni ndiloti ngati Lula adzayesa luso lake la ndale potenga udindo wa utsogoleri mokomera mtundu wopita patsogolo wa anthu ambiri m'gulu lomwe likukulirakulira padziko lonse lapansi lomwe likutsutsa ulamuliro wa US ndipo likudutsa pazandale - ndi momwe Washington idzachitira. ku izo.
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