"Vuto la othawa kwawo" la miyezi yaposachedwa lagawa Europe pawiri. Koma mosiyana ndi atolankhani omasuka angatipangitse kuti tikhulupirire, mzere wogawanika sukuyenda pakati pa mayiko (monga Germany) omwe atenga njira yachifundo pazovutazi potenga othawa kwawo ambiri, ndi iwo (monga Hungary) omwe atseka malire awo. ndikuphwanya mwankhanza kwa aliyense amene akufuna kuwawoloka popanda mapepala oyenera.
M'malo mwake, kusiyana kwenikweni ndi komwe kuli pakati pa mayiko ndi mabungwe omwe amateteza malire awo mwansanje, kumamatira kumalingaliro odzipatula omwe akukhala osatheka, komanso anthu wamba omwe ali pansi - othawa kwawo ndi anthu am'deralo - omwe akudzipangira okha mgwirizano. kupitirira malire ndikupanga mtundu wina wa Europe kuchokera pansi.
Sewero lakale lokhudza mantha a magulu apakati ndi otsika omwe akuchulukirachulukira ku kontinenti kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wachisankho wanthawi yochepa ndikusintha kusamuka kwakukulu padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse kukhala "vuto lakuwongolera malire," m'malo mwavuto lothandizira anthu. ndi. Ngakhale atsogoleri ena a EU - makamaka Angela Merkel - atengera njira yowongoka, chifundo chawo chapamwamba chikuwonetsa malingaliro omwewo.
Zotsirizirazi, mosiyana, ndi nkhope yeniyeni ya kusintha kwa Ulaya. Kuchokera ku magombe a Lesbos ndi Kos kupita kumalire a ku Balkan, kuchokera ku mipanda kumalire a Serbo-Hungary kupita ku masitima apamtunda a Munich ndi Vienna, komanso kuchokera kumalo osungiramo anthu kudutsa kontinenti kupita kumalo okonzekera okha monga msasa wa anthu othawa kwawo. Calais, mazana masauzande a othawa kwawo komanso osamukira kumayiko ena omwe apita ku Europe m'miyezi yaposachedwa akulowetsa kulowetsedwa kwabwino kwa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kukhala moyo wa anthu aku Europe omwe amwalira.
Pochita zimenezi, alimbikitsa kubadwa kwa gulu la mayiko omwe akugwirizanitsa anthu a ku Ulaya kudutsa malire kuti agwirizane ndi omwe angofika kumene. Kubwera pazidendene za kayendetsedwe ka mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi Greece wozungulira zokambirana za ngongole za ku Europe ndi referendum ya Julayi, kusonkhanitsa kwa "othawa kwawo kulandilidwa" kwasintha kale nkhope ya ndale za ku Europe posintha mosasunthika kuchoka kwa okonda dziko lawo ndi xenophobes.
Mkhalidwe ndi kukula kwa kusintha komwe kumapangidwa ndi njira ziwirizi panthawi imodzi komanso zogwirizana zingathe kuyesedwa bwino zaka zingapo kuchokera pano, koma zotsatira za nthawi yaitali pa anthu a ku Ulaya zikhoza kukhala zazikulu komanso zosasinthika.
Choyamba, othawa kwawo akuthandiza kuthyola malire m'njira yowoloka. Kusuntha kwakukulu kwapang'onopang'ono kwa anthu m'miyezi yapitayi kwavumbulutsa momwe mayiko aku Europe omwe akudwala ali ofooka komanso osakonzekera, komanso momwe ulamuliro wamalire wa EU ukhalire wosagwira ntchito. Fortress Europe, chifukwa cha zoyipa zake zonse ndi nkhanza zake, ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe omenyera ake amaganizira (kapena akufuna kuti tikhulupirire). Kunena zoona, makoma ake akugumulidwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zikwizikwi.
Pamene kuchuluka kwa anthu kukuchulukirachulukira, Europe ikuyenera kukulitsa makoma ambiri ndikuwonjezera maulendo ake oyendera malire akunja. Koma kulikonse komwe kuli chifuniro, pali njira - ndipo popeza chifuniro cha moyo chidzakhala champhamvu nthawi zonse kuposa mphamvu yolimbana ndi umphaŵi, nkhondo ndi kuponderezana kosatha, anthu adzapitiriza kubwera ku Ulaya kufunafuna tsogolo labwino. Ndipo moyenerera.
Kunena zowona, pakhala kuzunzika kwakukulu pakuchitapo kanthu - kuyambira pamavuto a mabwato omira mpaka nkhanza za apolisi akumalire. Komabe, pamlingo wokhazikika, anthu masauzande mazana ambiri omwe akupita ku Europe akuwunikira mfundo yosatsutsika ya m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi chimodzi: ngakhale maboma amitundu angayesetse bwanji, sikungatheke kuyimitsa. kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuyenera kudutsa m'zaka ndi makumi angapo zikubwerazi. Palibe kuchuluka kwa mipanda yamalire kapena oyang'anira a Frontex omwe angawaletse.
Kwa kontinenti yokalamba komanso yamwayi ngati Europe, ichi ndichinthu chabwino: kusamuka kumapereka mwayi wotsitsimutsa ndikulemeretsa madera athu omwe ali ndi imvi. Merkel, chifukwa chimodzi, akudziwa bwino kuti ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha kubadwa padziko lapansi, Germany idzawonongedwa popanda kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa ntchito. Kwa capitalism yaku Germany, kusamuka kwa Syria sikochepa chabe. Kuphatikizidwa ndi malingaliro am'mbiri odziimba mlandu, mwayi umafotokoza mbali imodzi ya njira yochepetsera ku Germany.
Koma mosasamala kanthu za funso ngati kusamuka kuli "kopindulitsa" kapena "kofunikira", pali zowona zenizeni zomwe anthu aku Europe akuyenera kukumana nazo mwanjira ina: kaya ndi kaya ayi, zaka khumi ndi theka mpaka zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. kusamuka kwatsala pang'ono kukhala. Zomwe zimatchedwa zovuta za othawa kwawo m'chilimwe cha 2015 zinali chiyambi chabe. Chaka chino anthu pafupifupi 600,000 adapempha chitetezo ku EU. Chaka chamawa 1.4 miliyoni akuyembekezeka. Mamiliyoni enanso adzagwirizana nawo m’zaka zikudzazo. Makumi, ngati si mazana a mamiliyoni akuyenera kutsatira chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi.
Kodi Europe isintha bwanji kuti igwirizane ndi kusamuka kwa anthu komanso kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha anthu? Poyamba, anthu a ku Ulaya omwe ali ndi nkhawa adzayenera kuyika ziwerengero zenizeni komanso zenizeni za kusamuka kwa anthu ambiri: anthu 600,000 omwe akufunsira chitetezo ku EU chaka chino sakhala ochuluka kwambiri pa chiwerengero cha anthu theka la biliyoni a ku Ulaya. Ziwerengerozi ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi othawa kwawo aku Syria okwana 4 miliyoni omwe adalembetsa m'derali, kapena 7.5 miliyoni othawa kwawo. Dziko laling'ono loyandikana ndi Syria ku Lebanon lokha latenga anthu othawa kwawo 1.3 miliyoni - pa anthu 4 miliyoni aku Lebanon. Kuwona motere, n'zovuta kumvetsa zomwe atsogoleri onse a ku Ulaya akudandaula.
Kachiwiri, ngati anthu aku Europe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kuyimitsa mayendedwe a anthu osimidwa omwe akubwera ku kontinenti, akuyenera kusiya kubwereza zomwe zayambitsa vuto la othawa kwawo komanso kusamuka kwa anthu ambiri. Maudindo a ku Ulaya pankhaniyi si mbiri chabe; ndi amasiku ano. Nkhondo, umphawi ndi kuponderezana ndizomwe zimayambitsa kusamuka - ndipo Kumadzulo kwathandizira kupititsa patsogolo zonsezi kudzera m'mayiko akunja, machitidwe owononga ndalama ndi malonda, komanso kuthandizira maulamuliro aulamuliro ku Africa, Central Asia ndi Middle East. Posachedwa titha kuwonjezera kusintha kwanyengo kwa anthropogenic pamndandandawu.
Chachitatu, ngati Europe ikufunadi anthu othawa kwawo komanso osamukira kumayiko ena kuti asiye kubwera “mosaloledwa” ndi mabwato okwera ndi odzaza ndi mabwato osodza, adzayenera kudutsa bwino. Palibe amene angalipire ndalama zoposa 1.000 mayuro pamutu paulendo woika moyo wa boti kudutsa nyanja ya Mediterranean ngati angalembetse zikalata zawo ndi zilolezo kunja ndikulipira ma euro 200 paulendo wapaulendo wopita komwe angafune. Mayendedwe amayenera kukhala "okhazikika" asadasamutsidwe kusamuka.
Chachinayi, kuti alandire anthu omwe afika kale komanso omwe adzapitirizebe kufika m'tsogolomu, Ulaya mwiniyo ayenera kusintha kuchokera mkati. M’malo moteteza mwansanje mwayi ndi malire awo, Azungu adzayenera kuvomereza maudindo a mayiko amene amabwera ndi chuma chawo chachikulu ndi mphamvu zawo. Ngati kontinentiyo iyenera kupeŵa kugwera mu gawo lina la mdima wa mbiriyakale padziko lonse lapansi, idzayenera kubwezeretsanso malingaliro a "mgwirizano kupitirira malire" omwe nthawi zonse amayenera kukhala pamtima pa ntchito ya pambuyo pa nkhondo ya ku Ulaya kuti iyambe.
Mwamwayi, kuwonongeka kofulumira kwa malire a mayiko kumagwirizana ndi kulimbikitsa anthu a ku Ulaya komanso othawa kwawo komanso othawa kwawo okha. Pamene zochitikazi zikupitirizabe kukumana, zidzamveka bwino kwambiri kuti Ulaya akuyenera kukhala kontinenti yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'malo motsutsa izi, anthu a ku Ulaya ayenera kungovomereza zenizeni za zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi limodzi ndi kulandira anansi awo atsopano monga awo. Mbiri yathu imatha kusiyana koma tsogolo lathu ndilofala.
Jerome Roos ndi woyambitsa komanso mkonzi wa Magazini ya ROAR, ndi wofufuza wa PhD mu International Political Economy ku European University Institute. Tsatirani iye pa Twitter pa @JeromeRoos.
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