Kodi tingaphunzire chiyani kwa gulu lankhondo latsopano ku United Auto Workers (UAW)?
Phunziro limodzi nlakuti mphamvu za membala siziyenera kuyambira pa unyinji waukulu; ndizosatheka. Mamembala a UAW ndi akunyanyala lero, ndi milingo yolimbikitsa ya udindo-ndi-mafayilo mphamvu, chifukwa zaka zinayi zapitazo kagulu kakangโono ka omenyera ufulu wa anthu anayambitsa msonkhano watsopano wokonzanso zinthu. Caucus imeneyo, Gwirizanitsani Onse Ogwira Ntchito ku Demokalase (UAWD), molimba mtima adagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wosayembekezereka, adakonza ngati wamisala, adapambana zisankho, ndikupita patsogolo kutsogolera mgwirizanowu. Purezidenti wawo wapadziko lonse amangokhalira kulengeza uthenga woti nkhondo ya UAW kugwa uku ndikumenyera gulu lonse la ogwira ntchito.
Ngati UAWD ikanapanda kukhalapo ndikukonza zolimba, ndewu yapano yomwe ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kosintha magawo a gulu lonse la ogwira ntchito sizikadachitika. Pamwambapa, UAW ikadakhalabe mgwirizano wamabizinesi oyipa, wofunitsitsa kukambirana a mtengo wotsika mtengo (mwina ndi a Kugunda kwa BS), ndipo mamembala adzakhala mumdima.
Pamene Dipatimenti Yachilungamo adayamba kufufuza UAW chifukwa cha ziphuphu, anthu ochepa omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali adawona kutsegulidwa. Mu 2019, adakhazikitsa UAWD ndikuyamba kampeni - yomwe inkawoneka ngati yovuta panthawiyo - yosintha malamulo a UAW kuti mamembala athe kuvota mwachindunji akuluakulu. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizanowu mโzaka za mโma 1930, nthumwi za msonkhanowo zinasankha maofisala. Kuchokera mโzaka za mโma 1940 mpaka chaka chino misonkhano yachigawo inkayendetsedwa mwamphamvu ndi otchulidwa moyenerera Bungwe la Administration, yokhazikitsidwa ndi Walter Reuther. Njira yosinthira malamulo ndi Byzantine, koma mu nthawi yochepa UAWD inali kuyandikira cholinga chake kuti apeze anthu khumi ndi asanu omwe akuyimira mamembala 79,000 kuti aitanitse msonkhano wapadera. Kenako COVID-19 idagunda, kuletsa misonkhano yamagulu am'deralo ndikutseka mbewu.
UAWD idachulukirachulukira, ndipo posakhalitsa idalengeza malingaliro ake kuDipatimenti Yachilungamo: njira yochotsera ziphuphu ndikulola mamembala kuvota. Izi zinali zomwezo zomwe Teamsters for a Democratic Union (TDU) adachita m'ma 1980s, pomwe mgwirizano wawo unkafufuzidwa. TDU idakana lingaliro la kulanda boma, monga momwe ambiri aboma adalimbikitsira, ndipo adati m'malo mwake: asiyeni mamembalawo asankhe. Mafeeds adavomereza mavoti apamwamba, Ron Carey adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti mothandizidwa ndi TDU, ndipo adatsogola anthu otchuka komanso ochita bwino. amenye mu 1997.
Pambuyo pake woyang'anira Dipatimenti Yachilungamo adati alola mamembala a UAW kusankha ngati akufuna kusankha. Kugwa kwa 2021, adavota kuti asunge dongosolo lakale la msonkhano kapena kusintha voti ya membala m'modzi. Kutembenuka kunali kochepa - 14 peresenti yokha mwa mamembala 400,000 ndi 600,000 opuma pantchito, kusonyeza kukayikira kwakukulu kwa mamembala ndi mkhalidwe wachisoni wa bukhu la adiresi la mgwirizano - koma chisankho chachindunji. won ndi 63.6 %.
Bungwe la Administration Caucus, lomwe panthawiyo linkayendetsabe mgwirizanowu, lidayesa kuyerekeza kuti kuvota sikukuchitika, koma UAWD idachita kampeni molimbika, ndi mamembala akupanga mindandanda yolumikizirana, kugawa timapepala, kubanki yama foni, kuyankhula ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ndi atolankhani, kupeza malonjezo osainidwa, kuchita. social media, ndikuchita zochitika pa intaneti. Adapeza mamembala a UAWD omwe adasankhidwa kukhala nthumwi zamsonkhano ndipo adakwanitsa kusintha Msonkhano wa 2022 kuchokera pamwambo wosnooze ndi sitampu yamphira kupita kumalo otsutsana. Msonkhanowo udakweza malipiro a sitalaka ndipo udayamba tsiku loyamba la sitalaka m'malo mwachisanu ndi chitatu - kuwonetsetsa kuti thumba la ndalama zokwana $800 miliyoni za bungweli lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga chisankho kuti chisavutike kwambiri kwa mamembala.
UAWD, yomwe panthawiyi idaphatikiza onse ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale ndi mamembala ochokera ku mabungwe apamwamba amgwirizanowu, idasankha anthu asanu ndi awiri kuti asankhe UAW Members United kupikisana nawo mamembala khumi ndi anayi. Mamembala adachitanso kampeni molimbika, kuyenda maulendo ozungulira Midwest ndikuchita zochitika za Zoom kuphatikiza njira zawo zina zonse. Bungwe la Administration Caucus, lozolowera kulamulira kwathunthu kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi atatu, silinatengere mozama kuwopseza kwa UAWD. Mamembala atavota kumapeto kwa 2022, omwe anali ochepa kwambiri, osankhidwa asanu a Members United ndi m'modzi wodziyimira pawokha. adasankhidwa kwathunthu ndipo ena awiri, kuphatikiza woyimira pulezidenti Shawn Fain, adapita kukachita mpikisano.
Panthawiyi, Bungwe Lolamulira linadzuka ndikutaya zonse zomwe linali nazo kuti zigwire utsogoleri. Fain potsiriza anasankhidwa ndi malire ang'onoang'ono mu Marichi 2023 ndipo adalumbira patangotsala maola ochepa kuti msonkhano wa mgwirizano wa mgwirizano uchitike.
Chikhulupiriro mwa Mamembala
UAWD sinayimire kuchuluka kwa mamembala komanso owerengeka okha omwe adavota. Komabe a Fain ndi ogwirizana nawo pa bolodi komanso paudindo ndi mafayilo amakhulupirira kuti atha kupambana ndikuyambitsa mamembala omwe sanatengeke, okayikira, kapenanso otaya mtima za mgwirizano wawo. Ambiri anali asanakhalepo mbali ya UAW pamene zinali zomveka kubwera kumsonkhano.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale panali chipwirikiti chachikulu ku likulu la mgwirizanowu komanso kuti maofesala amderalo anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi a Administration Caucus, adayamba kugwira ntchito yolimbikitsa mgwirizano - makhadi olonjeza, kuyesa kujambula, kulankhulana kwambiri, ma TV ambiri - omwe adapanga. ku sitalaka yomwe idayamba sabata yatha. Ngakhale kuti anali ochepa kwambiri, iwo sanalabadire udindo wawo ndipo analimbikira kuchita zimene analonjeza.
Zotsatira zake zakhala zodabwitsa. Mamembala a Big Three, kaya adavotera UAWD kapena palibe, ali okondwa kuti purezidenti wawo akugawana zofuna za mgwirizanowu, kulankhula nawo pafupipafupi kudzera pa Facebook Live (ndi kuyankha mu nthawi yeniyeni ku ndemanga pamacheza), ndikuyitana ma CEO omwe amapanga $ 14,000 pa ola, ndi chinenero cholimbana ndi kalasi sichimamveka kawirikawiri kunja kwa msonkhano wa Bernie Sanders. Chisangalalo pamizere ya picket ndi luso la mawu ndi machenjerero Mamembala akuyambitsa sizinawonekere mumgwirizanowu kwazaka zambiri. Mamembala apezanso ulemu ku bungwe lawo komanso iwo eni monga ogwira ntchito pagalimoto ndi mamembala amgwirizano.
Akatswiri ena amgwirizano amangolankhula ndi maofisala omwe ali paudindo, akumanyalanyaza mfundo yoti akuluakulu osankhidwa ambiri safuna kusintha njira zawo. Maofisala ambiri, m'mabungwe ena akuluakulu ambiri, amafunika kusinthidwa, ndipo izi zimachitika kokha kudzera mwa osunga mafayilo omwe amakonzekera kutero - nthawi zambiri amakhala pang'onopang'ono (TDU idakhazikitsidwa mu 1976). Fain ndi utsogoleri watsopano wochirikizidwa ndi UAWD unakula kwambiri popita mwachindunji kwa mamembala omwe ali ndi maudindo, kukonza mozungulira atsogoleri am'deralo omwe adathandizirabe Bungwe la Administration.
Gwirani Mphindi
Izi zimabweretsa phunziro lachiwiri, lomwe ndi loti ogwira ntchito agwiritse ntchito mwayi wawo ngakhale atakhala kuti sanakonzekere. M'dziko langwiro, UAWD ikadakula kupyola zaka zambiri kuyimira mamembala ambiri okonzekera bwino, kutsimikizira mwakuchita pagulu. M'malo mwake, kufufuza kwachinyengo kwachisawawa, komwe kunayambika m'zaka za Donald Trump, kunasintha zonse.
Choncho, phunziro lachitatu likhoza kukhala loyenera kusunga kusinthika kwamoyo ngakhale kutakhala kochepa. Ena mwa omwe adayambitsa UAWD anali m'gulu la Autoworker Caravan, gulu lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 2008 kuti liyankhe ku bankirapuse ya Chrysler. Caravan sinali yayikulupo - nthawi zina imakopa opuma pantchito kuposa mamembala omwe ali okangalika - koma idasanthula makontrakitala, kukwiya kuti awavotere, ndikugawa zambiri. Ena mwa atsogoleri ake anali m'gulu la magulu a sosholisti "otembenukira kumakampani" m'ma 1970. Ndipo a Caravan nawo adaphatikizanso akale ankhondo a New Directions Movement za m'ma 1980, zomwe zidalimbikitsa ogwira ntchito kufakitale (makamaka ku Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, ndi Texas) koma pomaliza pake adamenyedwa ndi Administration Caucus. Atsogoleri ena a UAWD lero abwerera ku New Directions. Ndale za kukonzanso migwirizano zinakhalabe zamoyo ngakhale pamene ziyembekezo zinalibe mdima.
Tsopano UAWD ikuthandiza ogwira ntchito kukhala okonzekera. Zawawonetsa momwe angayimbire misonkhano ya mphindi khumi m'zomera zawo ndi momwe angakonzekerere kuchita pickets, magulu owuluka, ndi kukana nthawi yowonjezera. Atsogoleri akudziลตa bwino lomwe kuti ngakhale kuti kupambana kwakukulu kwa kupambana pamwamba, ntchito yawo yosintha mgwirizanowu ikuyamba kumene. Titha kuphunzira kuchokera ku UAWD momwe tingagwirire mphindi. Zokambirana zakusintha ndi gawo lofunikira la njira yopambana pantchito.
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