Pa Tsiku la April Fool, Mlembi wa boma a Hillary Clinton, oimira mayiko apakati pa Middle East mafuta, adagwirizanitsa mayiko ena ndi "Syrian National Council" adakumana ku Turkey monga "Friends of Syria" kuti akonze njira zatsopano zothetsera ulamuliro wa Assad. kulimbana ndi gulu la zigawenga. Ngakhale kuti zigawengazo zinali zosakaniza zovuta komanso zotsutsana za demokalase yeniyeni, okhulupirira zipembedzo, ngakhale zinthu za Al Queda - mayiko olemera achiarabu adalonjeza kuti adzawononga $ 100 miliyoni kuti alipire otsutsa otsutsa pamene Clinton adalonjeza "zida zoyankhulirana" kuti athandize zigawenga. kuthawa asilikali a Syria.
Kutengera ndi zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu, zoyamba zowoneka ngati zochepetsetsa za kulowererapo kwa mayiko akunja m'mikangano yapakhomo zimadzetsa ziwopsezo pamene zinthu zokakamizidwa ngati izi zikukana kugonja. Izi zitha kukhala momwemo ku Syria komwe Clinton, yemwe ali ndi mbiri yodzikuza, adapempha Bashar Assad kuti asiye utsogoleri wake - zomwe sizili munthawi ino yandale m'makhadi.
Gulu lamtendere, mpaka pano, lakhala chete pa mkangano wa Syria - ngakhale pali njira zina zamtendere zomwe ziyenera kuthandizidwa. Kutonthola kumeneko mwina ndikomveka chifukwa chakufunika kwachangu kuletsa kuukira kwa zida zanyukiliya ku Iran.
Palinso zowona zenizeni za asitikali aku Syria omwe adapha ndi kuvulaza anthu masauzande ambiri pankhondo yomwe kwa ambiri imakhala yosamvetsetseka - ndi boma lachinyengo komanso lopondereza lomwe likuyang'anizana ndi magulu osadziwika bwino omwe amathandizidwa ndi mayiko akunja omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa ndi "Free Syrian Army. "- mwiniwake woimbidwa mlandu wozunza komanso kupha anthu mwachidule.
Chifukwa china cha kusamveka bwino komanso chisokonezo ndi mbiri yakale ya imperialism ku Middle East. Ulamuliro wa ku France ku Syria pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko I unadzala mbewu za mikangano yamagulu pamene magulu achipembedzo ndi mafuko osiyanasiyana amakanidwa kapena kupatukana. Siriya italandira ufulu wodzilamulira nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itatha, anthu ochepa a Alawite (2 miliyoni mwa 22 miliyoni), omwe ndi mphukira ya Chisilamu cha Shi'a, anali atagwirizana kwambiri ndi ndale ku Syria yaikulu kotero kuti sakanatha kupatukana ngakhale kuti ankafuna kwambiri. kuthetsa tsankho lomwe lidakumana nalo podziyimira pawokha.
Kusakhazikika kwa pambuyo pautsamunda ku Syria kudagula zigawenga khumi ndi zisanu pambuyo pa nkhondo zomwe zidafika pachimake pakulandidwa mphamvu mu 1970 ndi gulu la Ba'ath Party motsogozedwa ndi Alawite General Hafez al-Assad.
Chimodzi mwazotsatira zaulamuliro wa atsamunda ndikupunthwitsa chitukuko cha ogwira ntchito, migwirizano yoponderezedwa ndi kumanzere kwankhanza, mobalalika. Pazifukwa zotere, asitikali (kapena gulu mkati) omwe maofesala awo nthawi zambiri amaphunzitsidwa ndikuphunzitsidwa m'maiko okhwima okhwima amakhala mphamvu yofunikira - komanso yotsutsana - kuti ikhale yamakono.
Assad ali ndi mphamvu adayambitsa ntchito zambiri zaboma, kupititsa patsogolo chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi maphunziro. Adaphatikizanso usilikali ndi boma ndi Alawites okhulupirika pomwe amatsegulira mwayi wamabizinesi kwa ambiri a Sunni komanso kukulitsa unzika wofanana kwa Akhristu ndi Druzes. Mu mfundo zakunja Assad adakulitsa ufulu wodziyimira pawokha kuchokera ku bloc ya US-NATO, kukhazikitsa ubale wanthawi yayitali komanso wankhondo ndi USSR. Nthawi yomweyo, Assad ndi anzawo a Alawite ndi Ba'ath adakakamiza boma lopondereza dzikolo mopanda chifundo, pogwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chachikulu kuti chitsimikizire kuwongolera ndale. M'mawu a m'modzi mwa akatswiri otsogola ku Syria, Elaine Hagopian: "Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kubweretsa bata ku Syria pambuyo pa zaka za zigawenga zomvetsa chisoni ... ankakondedwa ndi anthu ake. otsatira Alawi okhulupirika, adamuda iye.
Mkhalidwe wotsutsana umenewo mwa zina ukufotokoza zakuda kwa nkhondo yakupha yomwe ikuchitika ku Syria. Bashar al-Assad, yemwe adalowa m'malo mwa abambo ake omwe anamwalira, adathandizira kubweretsa anthu omasuka komanso omasuka. Ngakhale zida zachitetezo sizinachoke, zidayamba kuchepa. Koma pansi pa gulu lomwe likuwoneka kuti likudzidalira, kupitilirabe kwa demokalase ndi ziphuphu za Alawite pamapeto pake zidabweretsa kusiyanasiyana kwa Syria kwa Arab Spring komanso kuyankha kwakupha kwa asitikali ndi chitetezo zomwe zapha anthu opitilira 9,000. mfundo iyi.
Chikhumbo cha magulu akuluakulu a anthu a ku Syria kuti athetse kuponderezana, kusintha kwa demokarasi, mwayi wachuma ndi moyo wabwino wopanda ulamuliro wa Alawite woyendetsedwa ndi ziphuphu zawapangitsa kuti alowe m'misewu kuti ayang'ane ndi mfuti za asilikali. Kumbali inayi pali ziwerengero zazikulu zomwe zapindula ndi zazikuluzikulu zomwe zaperekedwa ndi Assad modernization drive, Alawites olemekezeka ndi zipembedzo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zapambana mofanana ndipo tsopano zikuwopa kuti kutayika kwake ngati zinthu zachikhazikitso ndi zigawo za al-Queda zimachokera mkati mwa zigawenga zomwe zikukula.
Mantha awo sakuchotsedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa "Free Syrian Army," yomwe ili ndi zinthu zopanda pake pamodzi ndi mgwirizano pang'ono wa ndale, ndi Syrian National Council, mwakuthupi komanso mwina mwauzimu kutali ndi mphamvu za demokalase m'misewu. Othandizira omwe akutuluka kunja kwa Khonsolo amapereka chiyembekezo chochepa chaulamuliro wopanda ziphuphu pambuyo pa Alawite. Bungweli likuwoneka kuti likugwirizana ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuchotsa Bashar, ndikufunitsitsa kupempha kuti alowererepo ku US, NATO ndi mayiko okhudzidwa ndi mafuta kuti akakamize kuchotsedwa kwake.
Kukhala chete pakati pa omenyera mtendere sikungakhale koyenera chifukwa cha zochitika zakale zomwe ziribe kanthu momwe kulowererapo kungathe kuwoneka kocheperako koyambira; chiwawa ndi kuphana kowonjezereka nโzosapeลตeka. Panthawiyi mayiko a US ndi Arab mafuta akulolera kupereka ndalama m'malo mopereka mfuti kwa zigawenga - poopa kuti mfuti ikhoza kutha m'manja mwa ogwira ntchito zamtundu wa al Queda. Koma ndi cholinga cha Hillary Clinton chochotsa Syria ku Bashar (ndiye kuti akhwimitsa kukana kwa Alawites), ndi mwayi woti kutha kwa nkhondo sikungatheke - zida zakupha zitsatira; pakhala ziwawa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira ndi kufa zina zambiri.
Ndi Washington panthawiyi akupereka "zida zoyankhulirana" kwa zigawenga, kulowererapo kwake kumbali imodzi ya mkangano kumalimbitsa mbali inayo, kumakulitsa kukayikira kumbali zonse, kumatsegula njira yopita ku zida zankhondo ndikuwononga mwayi wamtendere. Poganizira zonsezi, kulengeza kwapoyera kwa omenyera mtendere ndi chilungamo omwe akutsutsa kulowererapo kwakunja ndikuthandizira kutha kwanthawi yomweyo kwa nthumwi ya UN-Arab League ku Syria Kofi Annan zitha kukhala mawu olimbikitsa odzaza malo oopsa.
China chake chiyenera kunenedwa ponena za "zinthu zothandizira anthu" zomwe nthawi zambiri zasokoneza ndi kusokoneza omenyera mtendere. Kulowerera kotere kwa maulamuliro achifumu sikudutsa
zofunikira zakuthupi ndi zamabungwe za ufumuwo. Maiko omwe adalowererapo adabedwa ndikugulitsa chuma chawo (makamaka ngati gwero lalikulu ndi mafuta); kugawikana kwa anthu, kufooketsa demokalase pansi pa nyumba zamalamulo zolamulidwa ndi mwayi, kumenyedwa kwa magulu a anthu ogwira ntchito ndi kumanzere, umphawi womwe ukukulirakulira, kufowokeka kwadongosolo laumoyo ndi maphunziro komanso zowola. Kuti mosiyanasiyana kwakhala tsogolo la Iraq ndi Libya komwe kupha mkati sikunathe, Haiti, Afghanistan; maiko ong'ambika, osauka a Yugoslavia wakale, ndi zina zotero. Kumbali ina, maulamuliro opondereza monga Bahrain ndi Yemen mumgwirizano ndi mayiko achifumu sachitika kawirikawiri ngati "athandizira anthu." Nthawi zina maulamuliro omwe akugwedezeka ndi chitsenderezo cha chipwirikiti cha anthu ambiri (mwachitsanzo, Egypt) amasiyidwa ndi maulamuliro achifumu omwe amawongolera kuti apitirizebe kukhala ndi chikoka kudzera mu ndale zatsopano.
Kuyankha kowona kothandiza pakuphedwa kwa ku Syria ndikufunsa kuti UN iletse kuyimitsa moto, kuchotsedwa kwa magulu onse ankhondo ndi zida zolemetsa m'malo okhala anthu, kukhazikitsa mayendedwe otetezedwa kuti adutse zithandizo zamankhwala ndi thandizo lina lachangu, kumasulidwa kwa anthu omangidwa mopanda chilungamo, ufulu wosonkhana ndi kuwonetsera mwamtendere. Mgwirizano woterewu ukhoza kutsegula zokambirana za ndale pakati pa magulu onse omwe akukangana kuti pakhale dongosolo lachilungamo komanso loyimilira mokwanira.
Kofi Annan wakhazikitsa April 10 kuti akwaniritse mapangano otere. Mawu a Washington omwe amaperekedwa kudzera mwa Clinton awonetsa kukayikira kuti boma la Assad liwona zake
malamulo otengera kulephera kwa m'mbuyomu kusiya moto kugwira ntchito. Komabe, lingaliro laposachedwa loletsa kupha anthu likugwirizana ndi bungwe la UN Security Council. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti Russia, yomwe imasunga kwambiri ubale wake wa Soviet Union ndi Syria, yapempha Assad kuti achitepo kanthu pochotsa asilikali m'misewu ya mzindawo, ndikuwonjezera kuti zigawenga ziyenera kubwezera mwamsanga. Mphamvu zandale zomwe zimatha kuwongolera zochitika zimayenderana kuti apambane, makamaka ndi chithandizo chapadziko lonse lapansi chamagulu amtendere olankhula.
Ora lachedwa; koma sikunachedwe kuti gulu lamtendere lolimbikitsidwanso litsutse kulowererapo kwa US. Kuloลตerera kumeneko ndi lamulo lokulitsa mkangano wakupha, osati kupulumutsa anthu ovulala. Sitinachedwe kujowina chifuno chapadziko lonse chofuna kuyimitsa moto pa Epulo 10 ngati gawo lofunikira panjira yamtendere.
Mark Solomon ndi wapampando wapadziko lonse wa Komiti ya Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism (CCDS).
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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