ZIMENE TICHITE
Bungwe la British anti-war movement panopa lili ndi njira zitatu zazikulu zokhudzana ndi chisankho cha British General Election: vote anti-Tory (monga Tony Blair akutilimbikitsa); kuvotera anti-Labour (monga Michael Howard ndi zinthu zolangidwa kwambiri za gululi akutilimbikitsa); kapena kuvota odana ndi nkhondo. (Palinso mwayi wosavota, womwe takambirana pansipa.)
Kuvota ndi chida chosawoneka bwino, koma kuwopsa kwa anthu 100 a Boma la Labor ndikwambiri kuposa kupambana kwa Conservative. Tiyenera kuvota odana ndi nkhondo.
Kupatula kuvota, palinso funso la yemwe mumapanga kampeni, ngati alipo. Adanenedwa ndi Labor Against The War (http://www.labouragainstthewar.org.uk/>), kuti omenyera nkhondo omwe amathandizira chipani cha Labor Party achite nawo kampeni ya anthu omwe ali pafupi odana ndi nkhondo, mwachitsanzo, chilichonse chomwe angachite ndi voti yawo mdera lawo. Njira imeneyi nthawi zina imatha kugwiranso ntchito kwa otsatira zipani zina.
Pobwereranso ku funso la momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito voti yanu, kodi รขโฌหkuvota odana ndi nkhondoรขโฌโข kumatanthauza chiyani? Kwa JNV, iyi ndi njira m'malo molemba zotsimikizika, njira yomwe imayesa kulemekeza kukhulupirika kosiyana pazandale ndi zomwe omenyera ufulu omwe ali nazo mkati mwa gulu lodana ndi nkhondo.
PHUNZIRO LA NKHONDO
Funso lalikulu la gulu lodana ndi nkhondo ndiloti phunziro lomwe bungwe la ndale la Britain litengapo pa chisankho ichi chokhudza nkhondo ya Iraq. Kodi chisankho chiwonetsa kuti simungathe kuthana ndi nkhondo yayikulu yomwe mwachiwonekere ili yosaloledwa ndi lamulo komanso yosatchuka, ngakhale mutakhala รขโฌหwaluso kwambiri pazandaleรขโฌโขmzaka zanu? Kapena kodi chisankho chidzasonyeza kuti, pamapeto pake, ovota adzakukhululukirani zolakwa zotere ngati mungadziwonetse nokha kuti ndinu wamng'ono pa zoipa ziwiri?
Kodi mabungwe azandale adzaweruza bwanji chisankho? Chizindikiro chimodzi chidzakhaladi chiwerengero cha mipando yomwe Labor imataya pachisankho. Wina udzakhala gawo la mavoti opita kuzipani zolimbana ndi nkhondo. Ndinaika รขโฌหanti-warรขโฌโข mโma quotation marks chifukwa chofunika, malinga ndi mmene Makhazikitsidwe amaonera, ndi mmene maguluwo amaonera.
Mwachitsanzo, a Liberal Democrats anatsutsa nkhondo ya Iraq isanayambe, kenako anaichirikiza mabomba atangoyamba kugwa. Iwo athandizira kulanda dziko la Iraq, koma apemphanso kuti ntchitoyo ithe mu Disembala chaka chino. Awa si udindo wa chipani chodana ndi nkhondo. Komabe, a Liberal Democrats akuwoneka * ngati chipani chotsutsana ndi nkhondo, ndipo, inde, ndi chipani chokhacho chokhacho chomwe chimakhazikitsa nthawi yochoka ku Iraq.
Kuvota kwa a Liberal Democrats kudzawoneka * ngati voti yotsutsana ndi nkhondo.
Monga momwe adzavotere Green Party, kwa oyimira odziyimira pawokha odana ndi nkhondo omwe akubwera kuzungulira dzikolo, a Scottish Nationalist Party, a Plaid Cymru, a Respect, ndi a Scottish Socialist Party komanso gulu lina la Socialist. maphwando.
Chigawo cha mavoti opita kuzipani zotere รขโฌโmakamaka zipani zomwe zili ndi mbiri yapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimadziwika bwino kuti รขโฌหanti-warรขโฌโข, monga a Lib Dems, a Greens, odziyimira pawokha odana ndi nkhondo, ndi Kulemekeza - kudzakhala gawo la kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo zakunja - kuwunika mtengo wandale pankhondo ku Iraq.
Lingaliro la kuwunikaku, ndiye kuti, omenyera nkhondo ayenera kuvotera "zipani zolimbana ndi nkhondo", ngakhale anthu omwe adavoterapo chipani cha Labor Party. Kukongola kwake ndikuti palibe voti yomwe yawonongeka. Ngakhale pampando wa 'ntchito' otetezeka kapena wa Tory, mavoti a zipani zotsutsana ndi nkhondo adzawerengera mavoti onse odana ndi nkhondo.
NTCHITO YOPOSA NKHONDO
Vuto ndiloti palinso รขโฌหanthu odana ndi nkhondoรขโฌโข aphungu ndi ofuna kupikisana nawo, ena mwa iwo akumenyera mipando ya malire. Kodi mwamwambo-omenyera nkhondo a Labour-vota ayenera kuthandizira ofuna kusankhidwa? Chotsutsana nacho ndikuti kubwezeretsa MP wa Labor, ngakhale wotsutsa nkhondo, kumathandiza kuti asankhe Tony Blair. Kumbali inayi, pali mikangano iwiri yamphamvu yochirikiza osankhidwa otere (ngati mukufuna kuvotera Labor konse).
Choyamba, ngati aphungu otsutsana ndi nkhondo akugwira ntchito bwino kuposa aphungu a ntchito zotsutsana ndi nkhondo (akugwira akuluakulu awo kapena kuwawonjezera, pamene aphungu ankhondo ataya mavoti ndi mipando), izi zidzakulitsa phunziro la nkhondo. Kachiwiri, ngati Labor ibwereranso ku mphamvu, ndikofunika kuti gululo likhale ndi gawo lalikulu la Parliamentary Labor Party lopangidwa ndi aphungu odana ndi nkhondo momwe angathere.
KUYAMBIRA
Mwambiri, ndiye, kuvota kotsutsana ndi nkhondo kumatanthauza kuvotera otsutsana ndi nkhondo. Koma akuluakulu a Labor Party akuyesera kuti ovota a * anti-war * avote * anti-Tory * m'malo motsutsa nkhondo. Mzere wa Robin Cook ndikuti simungathe kuvotera boma lodana ndi nkhondo. Mutha kungovotera boma la Labor, lomwe laphunzirapo kanthu, kapena boma lokonda nkhondo la Conservative.
Wokhulupirika ku Labor Polly Toynbee akutsutsa kuti รขโฌหMugwire mphuno yanu, kuvotani Blair ndi Brown adzakhala opambanaรขโฌโข. (Guardian, Lachitatu 6 April, p. 22) (Uyu ndi Gordon Brown, Chancellor wa Exchequer amene anapereka ndalama kuukira Iraq, ndipo amene amapereka ndalama kupitiriza ntchito popanda demur). wa boma la Blair, ndipo anagwira mawu a Ken Livingstone: รขโฌหNgati titakumana ndi zotulukapo zowopsa pausiku wa chisankho, sakhala Tony Blair yemwe alangidwe. Adzakhala osauka kwambiri komanso osatetezeka kwambiri m'dera lathu.รขโฌโข (6 April, p. 35)
YANKHANI ZA M'TSOGOLO
Polly Toynbee akulemba kuti: รขโฌหiwalani kubwezera ndi kuyangโana mโtsogoloโฆ Chofunikira ndi tsogolo, makamaka tsogolo la iwo omwe angavutike pansi pa boma la Conservative lomwe lingasinthe mapulogalamu osamalira anthu omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi oyang'anira a Blair.
Koma cholinga cha voti yotsutsa nkhondo sikungobwezera kumbuyo. Tili ndi chidwi ndi zamtsogolo. M'tsogolomu, ndi boma lamtundu wanji lomwe lingathe kubweretsa ku Britain kutenga nawo gawo pantchito yomwe ikupitilira ku Iraq kumapeto? M'tsogolomu, ndi boma lamtundu wanji ku Westminster lomwe lingakhale cholepheretsa kutenthetsa mtsogolo kwa US? M'tsogolomu, ndi maphunziro otani omwe maphwando a ndale aku Britain ndi maboma aku Britain adzaphunzira kuchokera ku Iraq?
Chisankhochi chikhoza kukhudza mapangidwe a Boma lotsatira, chikhoza kuika malire pa zolinga zake zakunja, ndipo chikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zosatha pa ndale za ku Britain - ngati ndipo ngati nkhondo yosavomerezeka yachiwawa imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ndale.
Gulu lodana ndi nkhondo likukhudzidwa ndi tsogolo la anthu aku Iraq, komanso tsogolo la anthu ena omwe akuopsezedwa ndi Purezidenti Bush omwe amatchedwa "nkhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga" . Sitikutsimikiza kuti Iraq inali "nkhondo yomwe sidzabwerezedwanso". Njira yokhayo yochepetsera mwayi wobwerezabwereza ndikupereka chilango kwa Tony Blair ndi boma lake.
CHIDA CHABWINO
Jonathan Freedland (ndi ena) akunena kuti ambiri mwa รขโฌหanthu omwe nthawi zambiri amaika mtanda ndi liwu lakuti รขโฌลLabourรขโฌ โฆ. ndikufuna kuvotera njira yolembedwa kuti "Bweretsani boma la Labor, koma ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri kuti Tony Blair aphunzire phunziro la nkhondo ya Iraq." pepala lovota.
Freedland ikunena kuti mukavota, mutha kungovotera munthu wa Labour kapena wa chipani china - simungavotere 'boma la anthu ocheperako'. Chiganizo chofunikira: รขโฌหNgati aliyense amene akufuna kuti zotsatira zake asavotere, zotsatira zake zikhala kupambana kwa Tory.รขโฌโข Pamavoti ndi 'chida chosamveka.รขโฌโข (Guardian, 6 April, p. 21)
Zomwe Jonathan Freedland, Robin Cook ndi ena onse okhala ndi mphuno amalephera kufotokoza ndikuti zosinthazo ndizowona.
Ngati aliyense amene akufuna kuletsa kupambana kwa Tory apezeka ndikuvotera Labor, ndiye kuti boma libwezedwa ndi mipando yambiri yanyumba yamalamulo yopitilira 100.
Izi zidzawoneka ngati kutsimikizira Tony Blair. Zidzawoneka ngati zopindulitsa kuwukira kwa Iraq. Zidzathandiza kukonza njira za nkhondo zankhanza zamtsogolo.
Ngati ovota akumanzere ndi ovota ayika kugonja kwa Conservatives ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazandale, ndikuvotera Labor, adzapatsa Tony Blair udindo wankhondo zamtsogolo, ndikuwonetsa kuti nkhondo ya Iraq inali njira yovomerezeka yakunja.
ZOCHITA ZABWINO KWAMBIRI
Kodi vuto lalikulu kwambiri la gulu lodana ndi nkhondo ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi kupambana kwa Conservative? Kapena ndi kutsimikiziridwa kwa Tony Blair ndi lingaliro lake loyambitsa kuwukira ku Iraq? M'malingaliro anga, vuto lalikulu kwambiri lingakhale kupambana kwa Labor kwa mipando yoposa 100.
Inde, a Conservatives ndi chipani cholimbikitsa nkhondo, koma kupambana kwawo sikungatanthauzidwe ngati kuvomereza kuwukira ndi kulanda Iraq. Kugonjetsedwa kwa Labor Party kungakhale phunziro lalikulu kwa British Establishment.
Panthawi yolemba, kuchuluka kwa kuthekera kumakhala kokomera Labor. Funso ndilakuti kuchuluka kwa Labor's kudzakhala bwanji. Akuti cholinga cha Michael Howard ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa Labor; sayembekezera kuti adzapambanadi pachisankho.
Ngakhale zisankho zikawapangitsa kukhala olimba mtima, Labor ili patsogolo chifukwa cha kugawidwa kwa ovota m'madera onse. Bungwe la Conservative Party 'likufuna kusintha kwa 10.8 peresenti kuchokera ku Labor kuti lipeze zambiri.' (Ben Hall, FT, 6 April 2005, p. 3) The Tories akuyenera kukhala patsogolo ndi 10 peresenti pamavoti kuti apambane Chisankho Chachikulu (ngati kusintha kuli kofanana m'dziko lonselo ndikuwerengera okhawo omwe akupita kuvota).
Poganizira zisankho momwe akuyimira pakadali pano (15 Epulo) mwayi wokhala ndi boma la Conservative uli kutali, kunena zochepa. Funso latsiku ndilakuti kuchuluka kwa Labor kudzakhala bwanji.
Njira yodziyimira payokha ndiyokopa ovota ake enieni ndikuwalimbikitsa kuti achitepo kanthu, kwinaku akuzimitsa wina aliyense kuti ovota achepe.
Kumayambiriro kwa kampeni, รขโฌหPa anthu 78% obwera kudzabwera, Labor idzakhala ndi ambiri a 128 mu Commons. Pa 56 peresenti ya ovota, ochulukawo akugwera pafupifupi 50.รขโฌโข (Financial Times/MORI, 1 April, p. 4) รขโฌหPa anthu 55 peresenti omwe anapezekapo, komabe, ngati Conservative atsogolere mfundo zisanu. kuti ibwerezedwenso, Labor ikadakhala ikulamulira รขโฌโ basi รขโฌโ koma mu nyumba yamalamulo yokhazikika komanso mwachifundo cha a Liberal Democrats kuti apange boma lamgwirizano.
Robert Worcester, wamkulu wa MORI, apereka ndemanga kuti: รขโฌลProjekitiรขโฌ รขโฌ"mgwirizano womwe waperekedwa pakati pa Labor ndi Lib Dems รขโฌโ ubwereranso.รขโฌโข (FT/MORI, 5 April, p. 3)
Nyuzipepala ya Sunday Times inanena masabata awiri apitawa kuti, รขโฌหZizindikiro zoyamba zikusonyeza kuti Labor ikuyenera kutaya mipando yoposa 68 mwa mipando 408 ndipo ambiri adzadulidwa kuchoka pa mipando 161 kufika pa mipando yosakwana 60โฆ Pulofesa Paul Whiteley Olemba a 2005 British Election Study, adati pali umboni woti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adzapezeke chitha kuchulukirachulukira, mpaka 53% nthawi ino, ndikuti kuyankha koteroko kungasokoneze kwambiri chiyembekezo cha Labor.รขโฌโข (3 Epulo, p. 10) Izi zikumveka ngati titha kukhala ndi nyumba yamalamulo.
Koma kenako zonena za Michael Howard za tsankho za anthu osamukira kumayiko ena zidalimbikitsa anthu ambiri kuthandizira Labor.
Bungwe la FT lidazindikira koyambirira kuti รขโฌหkuneneratu kotengera kuchuluka kwa zisankho zomwe zidachitika mwezi watha ndi Electoral Calculus, wolosera za zisankho zapa intaneti, zimapatsa Labor chiwongolero cha zisankho zinayi, zomwe zingapangitse ambiri 106. โข Kumbali ina, ochita masewero pa intaneti รขโฌหakubetcha kuti ambiri pazisankho za Labour achepetsedwa kufika pamipando pafupifupi 60, chigawo chaching'ono cha chipambano kuposa momwe mavoti ambiri amanenera.รขโฌโข (รขโฌหPunters kubetcha pa Labor ambiri akutsika mpaka pafupifupi mipando 60รขโฌโข, 1 April, p. 4)
Malinga ndi a James Blitz a Financial Times, pofotokoza malingaliro ogwirizana, ambiri a 70 ndi omwe amafunikira kuti apatse Prime Minister anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito momasuka. "Mphepete mwa 100 ingakhale chipambano cholimba chomwe chinapita kutali kuthetsa vuto la Iraq mu ndale"
Chigamulo chodziwika bwino cha kufunikira kwakukulu ku gulu lodana ndi nkhondo.
Blitz akunena kuti, รขโฌหChilichonse chochepera 40รขโฌโ kukhetsa magazi kwakukulu kwa mipando ya Labor kungadzutse mafunso aakulu okhudza nthawi yomwe Mr Blair angakhale paudindo.รขโฌโข (FT, 6 April 2005, p. 3) Blair akhoza kukakamizidwa kusiya ntchito nthawi yomweyo monga mtsogoleri wa Labor komanso nduna yaikulu. Kapenanso, zotsatira zoyipa zotere "zitha kulimbikitsa Gordon Brown kuti amutsutse pa utsogoleri."
M'MAGINAL CONSTITUENS
Chisankhochi chigamulidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Ngati Labor itaya mipando 76 yotsalira kwambiri, idzataya unyinji wawo mu Nyumba ya Malamulo. (Kuti mufotokoze za masamu, onani Alan Watkins, รขโฌหOnjezani maso anu: nambala yamatsenga ndi 76รขโฌโข, Independent on Sunday, 10 April 2005, p. 27)
Mndandanda wathunthu wa Zotsalira za Labor uli pahttp://tinyurl.com/4kvx8>.
M'maboma 76 amenewo (kuchokera ku Dorset South mpaka ku Watford), omenyera ufulu sayenera kuzengereza kuvotera zipani zolimbana ndi nkhondo (pokhapokha ngati pali MP wotsutsana ndi nkhondo yemwe aimirire kuti asankhidwenso) ngakhale izi zitha kuloleza Conservatives. . Ngati ma Conservatives alowa pamipando iyi, izi zisokoneza ambiri a Tony Blair. Izi ndizovomerezeka kwathunthu kuchokera kumalingaliro odana ndi nkhondo.
Makamaka, othandizira a Liberal Democrat omwe adavotera Labor m'mbuyomu (motsatira njira yotsutsana ndi Tory) sayenera kukayika povotera zikhulupiriro zawo m'maderawa, kuyimitsa kuvota kwawo mwanzeru, ndikuvotera "anti-war" m'malo mwake. .
Pachigawo chachigawo chofunika kwambiri ndicho kuvotera (kapena kuchita kampeni) kwa aphungu otsutsana ndi nkhondo, anthu omwe adavotera nkhondo ndi omwe amatsutsa ntchito ya Iraq - ngati mungathe kuvotera chipani chawo. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kusunga kapena kuonjezera chiwerengero cha aphungu odana ndi nkhondo a Labor Party mu Parliamentary Labor Party kungakhale kupindula kwakukulu kwa magulu otsutsana ndi nkhondo omwe ali okonzeka kuvota Labor. Kupereka mphotho kwa MP olimbana ndi nkhondo chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwawo kungasiyanitse, ndikukulitsa, chilango choperekedwa kwa aphungu ochirikiza nkhondo chifukwa cha kusaona mtima ndi mantha awo.
M'madera akumidzi, zikuwonekeratu kuti ambiri omwe kale anali ovota a Labor akuchoka ku Liberal Democrats kuti alembetse kunyansidwa kwawo ndi khalidwe la boma la Blair, Iraq, ndi zina zambiri. Ndithudi pali mkangano wa kupatuka uku. Mkanganowu ndi wamphamvu makamaka pamene, monga m'chigawo changa cha Hastings & Rye (62 pamndandanda wa otsalira a Labor), woyimira Liberal Democrat amatsutsana kwambiri ndi nkhondo (iye ndi meya wakale wa Labor Party ndi khansala yemwe adachoka monyansidwa. pa nkhondo ya Iraq).
OSATI KUVOTA
Ndikovuta kuti tisamvere chisoni ndi mawu oitanira anthu kuti asavotere, mavoti owonongeka ndi zina zotero. Palibe mwa maboma awiri omwe angakhale akudikirira omwe ali okongola kwambiri. Kumbali inayi, kwa gulu lodana ndi nkhondo uwu ndi mwayi wa mbiri yakale wosonyeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndale ku Britain kuti nkhondo zosavomerezeka komanso zosavomerezeka kwambiri zachiwawa zimakhala ndi ndalama zenizeni.
Kuvotera kowonongeka ndi kukana kwa omenyera nkhondo sikungasiyanitsidwe ndi kukhumudwitsidwa kwachiwopsezo ndikukula kwa oponya zisankho pamisonkhano yopanda kanthu ya zipani zazikulu.
POMALIZA
Poganizira (a) chiwopsezo chachikulu chomwe gulu lodana ndi nkhondo likuvota (ndi/kapena kuchita kampeni) kwa ofuna kusankhidwa a Labor litanthauza kupambana kwa Blair pamlingo womwe umamupatsa chitsimikiziro; ndi (b) kuthekera kwakutali kuti kuvota (ndi/kapena kuchita kampeni) kwa osankhidwa omwe siantchito kudzetsa chigonjetso cha Conservative, gulu lolimbana ndi nkhondo liyenera kukhazikitsa patsogolo momveka bwino.
Mwachidziwitso, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti gulu lolimbana ndi nkhondo liletse (kutheka) kupambana kwa mipando ya 100-kuphatikiza kwa Labor kuposa kuletsa kupambana (kosatheka) kwa Conservatives.
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Milan Rai
Chilungamo Osati Kubwezera
www.jnv.org
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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