I - The parallel Revolution
Mumsewu wofananirako, mtunda woyenda kuchokera ku nyumba ya pulezidenti, mutha kupeza nyumba yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yolandidwa ndikuyendetsedwa ndi anthu. Ndi nyumba yakale yamaofesi, yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi malo amodzi oyendera alendo mumzinda wa Caracas: Bellas Artes ndi hotelo yayikulu ya Hilton, yomwe masiku ano imakhalanso ndi misonkhano yaku Bolivarian ndi abwenzi akusinthaku. Kuyeserera kochitira zisudzo ndi ntchito ya Loweruka masana ndikadzachezera nyumbayo. Anthu amisinkhu yonse amaimiridwa pansanjika yaikulu ija yomangidwa kuti ikhale malo olandirira alendo osati malo ochitirako zochitika zapagulu.
Nyumbayi idasokonekera chaka chapitacho, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti pali nyumba zingapo zapakati, koma palibe netiweki yomwe ilipo pakati pawo kuti ikuthandizireni zambiri. Izi zakhala zikuyenda bwino kuyambira pomwe idalandidwa. Mโnyumbayi anthu amakhala, amadya, amapanga misonkhano ya ndale ndi chikhalidwe ndipo makampeni ambiri omwe pulezidenti wakhazikitsa akugwira kumeneko. El proceso, ndondomekoyi, monga momwe kusinthaku kumatchulidwira kumagwira ntchito kumeneko.
Kusintha komwe kwalengezedwa ku Bolivarian ku Venezuela ndikusintha kopangidwa ndi kufanana. Kupambana zisankho sikufanana ndi kutenga mphamvu za boma ndipo ku Venezuela otsutsa akadali ndi maudindo ambiri m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana, makampani aboma ndi atolankhani, ndikuwongolera chuma chambiri. Utsogoleri wovuta kwambiri m'boma ngakhale kuti siwogwirizana, ukuchedwetsa ndondomekoyi pamene akupitiriza kuchita momwe amachitira nthawi zonse, ndipo sanaphunzirepo za kayendetsedwe ka boma la Bolivarian.
M'malo mwake sukulu yatsopano ya Bolivarian Public Management School kulibe. Atsogoleri achipongwe; abwanamkubwa, mameya, nduna, akuluakulu, akuluakulu aboma, aphungu anyumba yamalamulo ndi anthu omwe akuyenera kutsata ndime zomwe zili m'malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino ndikuzipanga zenizeni, kukonzekera ndi kukonza ndondomekoyi, kutsimikizira kuti zolinga zakwaniritsidwa koma pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana sizikuwoneka. kuti azigwira ntchito bwino momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Onse pamodzi amapanga gulu lalikulu pakati pa anthu zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kukhala kovuta. Yankho la Purezidenti pa izi lakhala kufanana - njira yandale yomwe sinatchulidwebe. Kufanana kukuchitika ndi pulezidenti komanso pamlingo wapansi - anthu.
Gawo lofunikira la zomwe zikupambanidwa munjirayi zimapangidwa kudzera mu zofanana. Ngati bungwe la zaumoyo mdziko muno silikufuna kutumikira anthu osauka - pulezidenti akupanga kufanana, kubweretsa mazana a madotolo aku Cuba ndikuwalola kugwira ntchito.
Ngati gawo la maphunziro likugwira ntchito molakwika ndipo zikuwoneka kuti silikulimbana ndi kusaphunzira - amapanga zofanana, amapanga mapulogalamu a maphunziro ndikuwapangitsa kuti anthu azigwira ntchito zawo.
Ngati masitolo sakugulitsa zakudya zotsika mtengo - amapanga zofanana, amapanga masitolo ogulitsa, ndipo ngati anthu akukhalabe ndi njala - amapanga kufanana kwina, kupereka chakudya ndikupangitsa anthu kukhala ndi udindo wophika ndi kugawana nawo chakudya.
Ndipo kufanana kukugwira ntchito - posachedwa kusaphunzira kudzathetsedwa. Lingaliro la mapiko akumanzere la kulenga mphamvu zofananira kuti ziwononge ndikuthetsa dongosolo lakale pano latengedwera kumtunda watsopano wodabwitsa.
Purezidenti Chavez samangopanga mabanki ofanana, mapulogalamu azaumoyo ndi maphunziro, komanso kufanana ndi CNN - Telesur. Palinso sewero lodziwika bwino la sopo, Amores de Barrio Adentro, (lomwe ndi dzina lofanana ndi pulogalamu yazaumoyo) yokhudzana ndi chikondi chodutsa malire amagulu omwe amakhazikitsidwa mu ndale za Venezuela - monga kufanana ndi sopo ena.
M'nyumba yomwe ili mumsewu wopita ku nyumba ya pulezidenti, gulu loyendetsa zigawenga ndilothandiza. "Pano tili ndi ntchito Robinson ndi mission Ribas, anthu amabwera kuno kudzaphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba, timagwirizanitsa madokotala aku Cuba ndipo timapereka chakudya kwa anthu osauka. Tilinso ndi mabwalo a Bolivarian, maphunziro otchuka ndi zochitika zachikhalidwe, monga bwalo lamasewera lomwe mudawona. Ndine mphunzitsi, ndipo ndimapereka maphunziro a cooperatives. Koma sitikufuna chilichonse chokhudza zipani za ndale.'
Munthu amene amandiwonetsa m'malo ammudzi akutsimikizira kuti iwo sali ndale. Pamakoma pali zikwangwani zingapo za Che Guevara, nkhope ya Arafat yokhala ndi uthenga wa Palestine waulere, Bolivar womasula, ndi Chavez, ndithudi. Ndikumwetulira ndikubwereza: kotero simuli ndale ndikugwedeza mutu pa Che. 'Ife sife ndale chifukwa sitikonda zipani za ndale', iye akulimbikira.
Pambuyo pa No kupambana mu referendum ya 2004 Chavez adanena kuti onse omenyera kampeni ayenera kukhala olimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Anthu omwe ali m'nyumba yomwe adakhalamo adachita bwino kusinthaku. 'M'malo ambiri sizinagwire ntchito, zigawo za zisankho zatha, koma pano timagwira ntchito molimbika kwambiri' amandiuza bamboyo. Nthawi ina m'nyumba ya squatted anayang'anizana ndi kuthamangitsidwa zotheka. Anthu a mโtauniyo ankafuna kuchita zinthu zina ndi nyumbayo. 'Tinaitanitsa msonkhano waukulu, kuti tikambirane za vutoli ndipo tinaganiza zolimbana kuti tikhalebe, ndipo mpaka pano tili pano, tikupanga kusintha,' akutero monyadira.
Kufanana kosiyanasiyana komwe adayambitsa purezidenti onse amavala chilankhulo chankhondo kapena kutchulidwa ndi mbiri yakale kuyambira nthawi yofunika pankhondo yomenyera ufulu. Mutha kuwagawa m'magawo awiri akulu: kampeni yamasankho ndi magulu osintha anthu.
Kuti apambane masankho onse ayenera kudalira maziko. Anakhazikitsanso njira zofananirako kuti atsimikizire mavoti kuchokera kwa onse omwe akuthandizira ndondomekoyi, koma osakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zachikhalidwe kapena kuzunzidwa chifukwa chokhala ma chavistas. Zotsatira zakhala zikuyenda bwino nthawi zonse ndipo pachisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2006 Chavez adakhazikitsa cholinga cha mavoti 10 miliyoni.
Mishoni zachitukuko, misรones, zitha kugawidwa m'magawo anayi: maphunziro, maphunziro aukadaulo, thanzi ndi zakudya. Misรณn Robinson ndi wamaphunziro oyambira ndipo ndiye chida chothetsera anthu osaphunzira m'dzikoli. Misรณn Ribas amakonzekeretsa ophunzira akusekondale maphunziro aku yunivesite. Misรณn Vuelvan Caras ndikuphunzitsa antchito ndikuwakonzekeretsa ntchito yamtsogolo. Misiรยณn Barrio Adentro watenga madotolo aku Cuba kuti akatumikire m'zipatala zazing'ono zomwe zimamangidwa m'midzi, liwu laku Venezuela lotanthauza malo okhala. Misรณn Milagro (chozizwitsa) amachita maopaleshoni kwa odwala ng'ala ndi glaucoma ndikupangitsa anthu kuwonanso. Mercal ndi dzina la malo ogulitsira zakudya omwe mumapeza m'dziko lonselo. Pulogalamu ina yazakudya imapereka chakudya chaulere kwa ma barrio, anthu ammudzi amawaphika ndikupatsanso chakudya chophika kamodzi patsiku kwa ana, amayi osakwatiwa, amayi apakati, okalamba ndi zina.
Ntchito zonse zimayendetsedwa ndi madera. Amapanga makonzedwe a zipatala, maholo ophunzirira, amalemba aphunzitsi odzifunira, kupanga ndandanda ndi kuthetsa masauzande a mavuto omwe amabwera. Amachita mongodzipereka ndipo amafikira anthu ambiri. Pulogalamu yaumoyo, Barrio Adentro I, idakhazikitsidwa mu Epulo 2003 ndipo yadutsa kale zokambirana zopitilira 100 miliyoni. Anthu omwe sanawonepo dokotala m'moyo wawo wonse m'mbuyomu adakumanapo kangapo.
Kufanana ndi zotsatira zake ndi chifukwa chofunikira cha chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha njirayi. Pofunsa wolimbikitsa anthu mdera lodziwika bwino la 23 de Enero, ndikufunsa zomwe akuganiza kuti zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yofunika: 'Njirayi yalemekeza anthu ndipo yatipatsa mwayi wofotokozera zomwe timaganiza, popanda kudzichitira manyazi. Kusintha kwa Bolivarian kwapambananso kulimbikitsa anthu, ndipo kutipangitsa kumva kuti ndondomekoyi ndi yathu, ndife ogwirizana nawo. Ngati sizikugwira ntchito inenso ndili ndi udindo wolephera. Ndipo tikuphatikizidwa m'mapulogalamu a maphunziro ndi zaumoyo.'
Anthu kuno akudziwa kuponderezedwa ndi kusalidwa; adakhalapo tsiku ndi tsiku kuyambira pomwe adakhalapo pa midadada yamasiku ano yokongola yatsopano pa Januware 23rd 1958, tsiku lomwe wolamulira wankhanza, Perez Jimenez, adagwetsedwa. Imeneyo inali nthawi ya kulimbikitsana ndi zikhumbo zotchuka za demokalase, mpaka anthu anaperekedwa ndi oyandikana nawo kuponderezedwa. Nthawi ino sipanakhale chiwembu.
Ndikutsika kuchokera ku 23 de Enero ndikuwona chilembo cholembedwa chachikulu chofiira ndi chakuda pakhoma: Al pasado no regresaremos jamas! Sitidzabwereranso ku zakale! Izi zikuwoneka kuti zakhazikika bwino m'malingaliro a anthu. Iwo akudziwa kuti zinthu zasintha, ndipo kuti zikhale zabwino, ndichifukwa chake iwo ndi omwe akupanga kusinthaku kukhala kwenikweni, koma popanda kutsutsidwa.
Otsutsa ku Venezuela amatchedwa escualidos, ndipo mawuwa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa aliyense amene akupangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yovuta. Anthu amafuna kuti andale osankhidwa, mameya, abwanamkubwa ndi akuluakulu agwire ntchito moyenera kuti apindule ndi onse ndipo nthawi zambiri amawona zinthu zikuyenda mwanjira yakale, katangale, maudindo, ndi mikangano yopanda tanthauzo paulamuliro. Zofananira ndizo mayendedwe atsopano opangidwa kuti azizungulira akale - mizere yofananira siyimadutsana. Mwanjira imeneyi, mumapewa kukangana m'dziko lomwe kutsutsidwa kwakhala kwachiwawa ndipo anthu amafunikira nthawi yophatikiza ndi kumanga osati kungolimbana. Koma anthu akulephera kuona kufanana kwake kukhala njira zazikulu.
Purezidenti Hugo Chavez ndi chodabwitsa, osati kwambiri kwa maola 8 olankhulidwa omwe ndi sukulu yakale, koma njira yodabwitsa yolankhulirana mwachindunji ndi maziko. Mwanjira ina amapewa kukhuthala kwapakati ndikuyika patsogolo malingaliro ndi malingaliro a anthu.
Purezidenti Chavez ndiye woyambitsa, wopanga mapulogalamu, woganiza bwino komanso nthawi yomweyo, wotsutsa wovuta kwambiri panjirayi. Malingaliro omwe amawakonza ndikuwayika patsogolo pamalankhulidwe ndi malingaliro omwe amapangidwa pamlingo wapakati. M'mawu achikumbutso patatha zaka zitatu pulezidenti wachigawenga Chavez adanena kuti chomwe chiyenera kufa sichinafe, ndipo chomwe chiyenera kubadwa sichinakwaniritsidwebe.
Ndiwo maziko a kufanana kwamakono kwa Venezuela - mayendedwe akale akadali ofanana ndi njira zatsopano. Kusintha kwa mayendedwe sikophweka koma kungathe kuchitika. Nyumba ya squatted ili pafupi, kapena kutali, monga momwe mabungwe osiyanasiyana aboma alili ku nyumba ya pulezidenti. Ngati iwo ndi omwe amalimbikitsa ndondomekoyi mwina ayenera kuzindikiridwa ngati malo a anthu, kudyetsedwa ndi zothandizira, ndipo kumbali ina mabungwe omwe akuchedwetsa ntchitoyi ayenera kuikidwa pa zakudya.
Yankho ku nkhaniyi ndi Jonathan Nack
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