Ngati zisiyidwa, ndondomeko zochepetsera ndalama zitha kuyika pakati pa 15 ndi 25 miliyoni aku Europe pachiwopsezo cha umphawi pofika 2025. - kuyandikira anthu aku Netherlands ndi Austria pamodzi. Izi zipangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha umphawi ku Europe kufika pa 146 miliyoni, opitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu, likuchenjeza bungwe lapadziko lonse la Oxfam pomwe nduna za zachuma za EU zikumana ku Vilnius mawa.
Lipoti latsopano la Oxfam, Nkhani Yochenjeza, apeza kuti njira zochepetsera ndalama zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kuti zikhazikitse bwino mabuku potsatira kubweza ngongole kwa banki ya โฌ 4.5 thililiyoni m'malo mwake zikuyambitsa umphawi wambiri komanso kusalingana komwe kungathe kwazaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi.
Pakadali pano, kuchepa kwachuma kukulephera kuchepetsa chiลตerengero cha ngongole, monga momwe zimakhalira, kapena kuyambitsa kukula kwachuma.
Oxfam imati pali njira zina zosinthira mfundo zochepetsera ndalama potenga maphunziro kuchokera kunthawi yatsoka yochepetsera ndalama ku Latin America, South East Asia ndi Africa m'ma 1980 ndi 90s. Mayiko ena m'zigawozi adatenga zaka makumi awiri kuti abwererenso kugawo loyamba.
Natalia Alonso, Mkulu wa Ofesi ya EU ku Oxfam, adati: "Kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma ku Europe kukuwopseza kubweza ufulu wa anthu kwazaka zambiri. Kuchepetsa koopsa kwa chitetezo cha anthu, thanzi ndi maphunziro, ufulu wochepa wa ogwira ntchito komanso misonkho yosalungama ikutsekereza mamiliyoni a anthu a ku Ulaya mu umphaลตi umene ungakhalepo kwa mibadwomibadwo. Ndi mphulupulu zamakhalidwe ndi zachuma.โ
Miyezo ya moyo ikutsika, kusalingana kumakwera
Zitha kutenga anthu a ku Ulaya mpaka zaka 25 kuti akhalenso ndi moyo umene anali nawo zaka zisanu zapitazo.
"Anthu okhawo omwe amapindula ndi kusakhazikika kwachuma ndi olemera 10% mwa anthu aku Europe okha omwe adawona chuma chawo chikukwera. Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain ndi UK - mayiko omwe akutsata kwambiri njira zochepetsera nkhawa - posachedwa adzakhala pakati pa osafanana kwambiri padziko lapansi ngati atsogoleri awo sasintha. Mwachitsanzo, kusiyana pakati pa olemera ndi osauka ku UK ndi Spain kungakhale kofanana ndi ku South Sudan kapena ku Paraguay, "anawonjezera Alonso.
Patadutsa zaka zitatu, anthu amene amalimbikitsa kuchulukitsitsa kwachuma monga International Monetary Fund ndi akatswiri ambiri azachuma olemekezeka ayamba kuzindikira kuti njirazi sizinangolephereka kukwaniritsa cholinga chawo chochepetsa ngongole za boma ndi kuchepa kwa bajeti, komanso zawonjezera kusalingana komanso kukula kwachuma. .
Ulova mโmaiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ukukwera kwambiri. Amayi ndi achinyamata akumenyedwa kwambiri. Ku UK, ntchito zoposa 1 miliyoni zamagulu azaboma zidzadulidwa pofika chaka cha 2018, ndipo akazi owirikiza kawiri kuposa amuna adzachotsedwa ntchito. Malipiro akutsika kwambiri m'mayiko omwe akukumana ndi malamulo okhwima kwambiri. Pafupifupi banja limodzi mwa anthu khumi ogwira ntchito ku Europe tsopano likukhala muumphawi ndipo umphawi ukhoza kuipiraipira. Mwachitsanzo, malamulo okhwima a ngongole ku Spain amalola mabanki kuthamangitsa mabanja 115 mnyumba zawo tsiku lililonse lantchito. Ngakhale amene ali pantchito adzakhala osauka kwambiri kuposa makolo awo. Umphaลตi wa ana ku Ulaya ukuwonjezeka.
Maphunziro akale
โMbiri ikudzibwereza yokha. Atsogoleri athu akunyalanyaza zowawa zozama zomwe kuchepa kwanthawi yayitali kwazaka zambiri kwa anthu aku Latin America, South East Asia ndi Africa m'ma 1980 ndi 90s. Chuma chawo chinasokonekera ndipo osauka adapitilirabe kusauka ngakhale kukula kunabwereranso, "adatero Alonso. Ntchito zoyambira, monga maphunziro ndi thanzi, zidadulidwa kapena kutumizidwa kubizinesi, kupatula osauka kwambiri komanso kumenya akazi kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kusiyana pakati pa olemera ndi osauka kunakula.
Ku Indonesia, zinatenga zaka 10 kuti umphaลตi ubwerere ku mlingo wa 1997, pamene mโmaiko ena a ku Latin America zinatenga zaka 25 kuti umphaลตi ubwerere kumene unalipo mavuto awo asanayambe mu 1981. tsopano,โ adatero Alonso.
Njira zina zochepetsera
"Pali njira zina m'malo mochepetsetsa. Patsogolo pa msonkhano wa mawa wa Atumiki a Zachuma a EU, tikuyitanitsa maboma a ku Ulaya kuti atsogolere njira yatsopano yazachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu yomwe imayika ndalama mwa anthu, kulimbikitsa demokalase ndikutsata msonkho wachilungamo. Maboma atha kupeza mabiliyoni ambiri kuti athandize anthu, monga zaumoyo ndi maphunziro, pokhometsa msonkho anthu olemera kwambiri komanso kuletsa kuzemba misonkho.โ
"Chitsanzo chatsopano cha chitukuko ndi chotheka. Kuyika ndalama m'masukulu, zipatala, nyumba, kafukufuku ndi ukadaulo, mamiliyoni aku Europe atha kubwezeretsedwanso ntchito ndikuthandizira chuma chokhazikika, "adatero Alonso.
Mfundo kwa Okonzanso
Lipotili, Chenjezo: Mtengo weniweni wa austerity ndi kusalingana ku Europe, likupezeka mโChingelezi, Chisipanishi, Chifulenchi, ndi Chitaliyana.
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Kusanthula kwa Oxfam kumatengera tanthauzo laumphawi la EU (gwero). Mu 2011, panali anthu 121 miliyoni omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha umphawi ku EU akuyimira 24.3 peresenti ya anthu (gwero). Bungwe la Institute for Fiscal Studies linaneneratu kuti umphawi ku UK udzawonjezeka pakati pa 2.5 ndi 5 peresenti pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana pa 2010-2020 ngati ndondomeko zochepetsera ndalama zidzapitirira pazomwe zikuchitika (gwero). Ngati EU ikanawona kuwonjezeka kwa atatu peresenti pazaka khumi ndi ziwiri zikubwerazi mpaka 2025, izi zidzabweretsa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo cha umphawi ku 14.963 miliyoni. Ngati umphawi ukadakwera ndi magawo asanu pagawo lonse la EU izi zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa 24.939 miliyoni.
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Bolivia idawona chiwonjezeko cha 16 peresenti pakusafanana kwa ndalama zomwe amapeza (pambuyo misonkho ndi kusamutsidwa kwa anthu) pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kutsatira pulogalamu yake yosintha ma 1990s. Mayiko ena awona kale kuwonjezeka kwa kusalingana kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko zochepetsera ndalama. Ngati Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain ndi UK adawona kuwonjezeka kofanana ndi Bolivia, kusalingana kwawo kukanakwera mpaka 0.47-0.51 mfundo, zomwe zimapangitsa maikowa kukhala pakati pa osagwirizana kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuyerekeza kwaposachedwa kwambiri kwa ma coefficients a Gini, omwe ndi chizindikiro cha kusalingana, ku South Sudan ndi Paraguay ndi 0.45 (2009) ndi 0.52 (2010) motsatana (gwero).
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Chiyambireni mavuto azachuma zaka zisanu zapitazo, mayiko ambiri omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi njira zochepetsera ndalama - Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal ndi UK - awona chimodzi mwazotsatira ziwiri: mwina gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi la anthu olemera kwambiri awona gawo lawo lonse. kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama, kapena gawo lakhumi losauka kwambiri lawona kuti gawo lawo likuchepa. Nthawi zina zovuta zonse zidachitika. Mwanjira ina, olemera akutenga zambiri, pomwe osauka akutenga zochepa (gwero).
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Ku UK ndi Portugal, malipiro enieni akuti atsika ndi 3.2 peresenti kuposa 2010-2012 (gwero). Mtengo weniweni wa malipiro ku UK tsopano uli pamagulu a 2003, akuyimira zaka khumi zotayika kwa wogwira ntchito wamba (gwero). Italy, Spain, ndi Ireland onse adalembedwa kuti malipiro enieni achepa panthawiyi. Greece yalemba kugwa kwa malipiro enieni oposa 10 peresenti (gwero).
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