Ophunzira aku Scottish akamachoka ku yunivesite kupita kutchuthi chachilimwe, ambiri amadzifunsa ngati maphunziro awo adzakhalabe akadzabweranso m'dzinja. Ogwira ntchito ndi ophunzira ku mayunivesite aku Britain akhudzidwa kwambiri m'miyezi ingapo yapitayi ndikulengeza za kuchepa kwa bajeti. Mayunivesite achingelezi adalandira chithandizo chofala koyambirira kwa chaka pomwe Boma lidalengeza kuti lichepetse ndalama za 5% za maphunziro apamwamba. Kuno ku Scotland, chilengezo cha Scottish Funding Council (SFC) cha $ 1.12 biliyoni ku mayunivesite 20 a dzikolo m'chaka chotsatira cha maphunziro chikumasulira pambuyo pa kukwera kwa ndalama kukhala 0.6% kuchepa kwa ndalama.
Mfundo yakuti uku ndikucheperako pang'ono kuposa ku England ndi chitonthozo chaching'ono kwa iwo omwe amalandira mabala. Boma la Scottish lauza mayunivesite kuti ayembekezere kudulidwa kwa 3.2% pachaka kwa zaka zitatu zikubwerazi kuyambira 2011 kupita mtsogolo. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhudzika kwathunthu kwa kugwa kwachuma komanso wopambana pachisankho chachikulu akutsata kudzipereka kwawo 'kuthana ndi zomwe zidasokonekera', zomwe zanenedweratu zikuphatikiza kuphwanya bajeti ya Scotland, The Herald limafotokoza mabungwe aku Scotland kuti amadzikonzekeretsa kuti awonongeke pafupifupi 20% ya ndalama zawo zaboma.
Pakadali pano, lingaliro la SFC limatanthauza kudulidwa kwenikweni kwa 1.2% mu bajeti ya University of St Andrews. Mneneri wa bungwe la Uni adagwidwa mawu mu Telegraph pa Marichi 25th kunena kuti "kuwunika zotsatira zake pakuphunzitsa ndi kufufuza". Posachedwapa, mu May 2nd nkhani yokhudza zomwe mayunivesite amayembekeza kuti achepetse kwambiri pambuyo pa Chisankho Chachikulu, The Herald inagwira mawu a yunivesite kuti imatcha nyengo yamakono "yovuta" ndikuti "pakadali pano ikuwunika zotsatira zonse za bajeti ya 2010".
Ndizotheka kuti 'zotsatira zonse' izi m'miyezi ingapo ikubwerazi zidzatanthauza kuchotsedwa ntchito, kuchepetsa kapena kusiya maphunziro omwe sangaganizidwe kuti 'angathandize pazachuma', komanso kuwopseza kukonzanso madipatimenti. Ndikunena kuti izi ndizotheka chifukwa ndizomwe zakhala zikuchitika pafupifupi pafupifupi mayunivesite ena onse aku Scottish - kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe anthu amawononga pamaphunziro apamwamba kusanalengedwe. Mayunivesite akhala akukonzekera kuchotsera anthu onse pochotsa antchito, kuletsa ophunzira atsopano komanso kutseka maphunziro ndi mapulogalamu onse. Mawu omveka pamilomo ya vice-chancellors ndi "kusunga bwino". Chowonadi ndi chakuti antchito ndi ophunzira akukakamizika kulipira mavuto azachuma omwe iwowo sanapange.
Kusankhira nkhwangwa: kudzidula nokha ku mayunivesite aku Scottish
Yunivesite ina yomwe yakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kudula ndi Strathclyde. Chiyambireni Principal wake watsopano Jim McDonald anafika miyezi 18 yapitayo, yunivesite yawona 140 kuchotsedwa ntchito mofanana ndi kusankhidwa kwa akuluakulu a 3 omwe ali ndi malipiro a 6 kuti ayendetse mgwirizano ndi Jordanhill. Yunivesite yaganiza zotseka maphunziro ake onse aku Germany komanso BA yake mu Applied Music and Community Arts. Panthawi imodzimodziyo pamene zisankhozi zinapangidwa Mkulu wa McDonald adalandira kukwera kwa malipiro a 9% pa malipiro ake a ยฃ 240,000 ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito ยฃ 680,000 ya ndalama za yunivesite pa ofesi yatsopano kwa iye ndi akuluakulu akuluakulu. Strathclyde Uni ikukonzekeranso kugulitsa 40% ya masukulu ake, kuphatikiza nyumba yake ya Union, kwa opanga katundu.
Mumzinda womwewo, Yunivesite ya Glasgow pakali pano ikuchita "ndondomeko yokonzanso" yolengezedwa ndi Principal wawo watsopano Anton Muscatelli. Ngakhale kutsimikiziridwa kwa mabungwe kuti izi sizikhala 'zotsika mtengo' ntchito, kuyankha kwa yunivesite pa kuchepa kwa ndalama za maphunziro a aphunzitsi kwakhala kulunjika ogwira ntchito. Ndi madipatimenti onse akuwunikiridwa, kuchepetsa ntchito kukuganiziridwa ku yunivesite yonse. Kudula kwa ntchito ndi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ophunzira zalengezedwa kale ku Faculty ya Maphunziro, zosankha zomwe Glasgow's SRC ikugogomezera chifukwa cha chisankho cha Boma la Scottish lolola kutsika kwa ndalama za SFC zophunzitsira aphunzitsi. Pulezidenti wa SRC wa Glasgow adanena kuti yunivesite "imafuna kudikirira mpaka mapulani atatha kulankhulana ndi ophunzira" - kotero kuti akambirane ndiye.
Bungwe la Archaeological Research Division lilinso pachiwopsezo pambuyo poti akuluakulu aku yunivesite apereka malingaliro oti atsekedwe, ndikuwopseza ntchito 24. Yunivesite ikuvomereza izi chifukwa chakuti malo ofufuzira sangakwanitse chifukwa sakukwaniritsa zolinga za dipatimenti. Magwero ena mkati mwa Uni, komabe, anena kuti zolingazo ndi "zosakhazikika" ndipo sizikuyimira kutayika kwa University popeza ndalama zonse zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ndalama zowonjezera. Kuchepetsa ntchito kwina kumaperekedwa m'magawo ena atatu: Biomedical and Life Sciences, Veterinary Medicine ndi Arts. Zonsezi, mabungwe amakhulupirira kuti ntchito zosachepera 83 zili pachiwopsezo.
Kuchulukitsa kwanthawi komwe akudulidwako akutsutsidwa ndi omwe amagwira ntchito ku yunivesite. Pulofesa Richard Cogdell wa pa Biomedical Research Center akutsutsa zodulidwazo [sizinaganizidwe]. Tikuyesera kukonza maphunziro a chaka chamaphunziro chomwe chikubwera kwa mazana a ophunzira atsopano, koma sitikudziwa amene adzakhale pano kuti awaphunzitse. "
Ngakhale oyang'anira a Glasgow Uni anena kuti kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu kotere ndikofunikira chifukwa cha "zovuta zanthawi yomweyo", zikuwoneka kuti yunivesite ikuneneratu za ndalama zokwana ยฃ 6 miliyoni chaka chino. Oyang'anira Uni anena kuti zotsalira izi zidzabwezeretsedwanso pakufufuza ndi kuphunzitsa; komabe ogwira nawo ntchito monga Pulofesa Cogdell adanena kuti kuchotsedwa ntchito kwa antchito kudzakakamiza ophunzira omwe atsala kuti asinthe maganizo awo kuchoka pa kafukufuku kupita ku kuphunzitsa, motero kuchepetsa mbiri ya kafukufuku wa yunivesite. Chifukwa chake kubwezanso ndalama zochulukirapo mu kafukufuku m'madipatimenti ena kudzabwera nthawi imodzi yomwe kafukufuku amapunduka m'madipatimenti ena chifukwa cha zisankho za kasamalidwe ka Yunivesite!
Zodulidwa zalengezedwanso ku Dundee University. Uniyi yanena mosiyanasiyana za "zisankho zovuta" zokhudzana ndi kudula, kuphatikiza kuchepetsa ntchito m'malo "osagwira bwino ntchito". Kale, pulogalamu ya zolemba za Chingerezi ya Uni itaya maphunziro ake obwezeretsanso mabuku. Maola otsegulira ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito m'malaibulale a Yunivesite achepetsedwa, monganso momwe maphunziro amaphunzirira kusukulu yachilimwe. Mochulukirachulukira, monga gawo la cholinga chosungira ndalama zokwana ยฃ4.3 miliyoni pakugwiritsa ntchito, magawo anayi amaphunziro ndi mautumiki atatu owongolera (Library, Estates & Research) akuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikudula. Zonsezi zidawululidwa kwa atolankhani asanadziwitsidwe antchito ndi mabungwe. Lipoti lopita ku Khothi la Yunivesite linatsindika kuti oyang'anira mayunivesite amawona mabala ngati njira yopita ku yunivesite yowonda kwambiri, yomwe ikuyang'ana kwambiri: "Zolinga izi zidzatsogolera kuzindikiritsa kufunikira kochepetsera ndalama za ogwira ntchito m'kanthawi kochepa". Mabungwe monga UCU amatsutsa kuti mtengo wochotsa anthu kwakanthawi kochepa umapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zochepa pomwe anthu ambiri adzafunika kulembedwa ntchito pakapita nthawi. Kuphatikiza apo, Dundee Uni idalandiradi chiwonjezeko chandalama cha 3% kuchokera ku SFC.
Pakadali pano ku Yunivesite ya Aberdeen, malo a ophunzira akuyenera kudulidwa ndi 18.4%, panthawi yomwe zofunsira ku mayunivesite aku Scotland zakwera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachuma pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Pankhani yodulidwa, wolankhulira University adati Aberdeen akukonzekera kutsika kwa ndalama za boma ndi 15%. Kuwopseza kuchepetsedwa kwa bajeti za dipatimenti kumabwera nthawi yomweyo pomwe Mtsogoleri wa Aberdeen wotuluka Sir Duncan Rice akulandira kukwera kwa malipiro a 17%.
Yunivesite ya Edinburgh yawonetsanso chinyengo chofananira. Ogwira ntchito okhazikika kuofesi yamaphunziro a Moray House atumizidwa makalata ochenjeza, pomwe antchito 40 ali pachiwopsezo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zolemba zowonongeka zimasonyeza kuti Uni sichidzagwiritsa ntchito 'ndalama za kusintha' za Boma pa cholinga chake, ndiko kulipira kuchepetsedwa kwa maphunziro a aphunzitsi; zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa izi kupitiriza kudula antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, a Uni yawulula kuti ikukambirana ndi Edinburgh College of Art pankhani yophatikizana. Art College ikhoza kukhala gawo la Yunivesite pofika chaka cha 2012, kusuntha komwe kungabweretse kuchotsedwa ntchito.
Mayunivesite ena aku Scottish - kuchokera ku Glasgow Caledonian kupita ku Abettay, Mfumukazi Margaret kupita ku Napier, Stirling kupita ku St Andrews - alengeza kuti akonza zochepetsera ndalama za boma pazolinga zawo zamtsogolo.
Zofunika zachuma kapena mwayi wa neoliberal?
Pakadali pano ku England, kudulidwa kofananako komwe adadzipangira yekha komanso kudulidwa kosapeweka komwe kukubwera kumatanthauziridwa ngati njira yofunikira pamavuto azachuma komanso njira yosakhazikika yazachuma ku mayunivesite. Pa June 10th nduna yatsopano ya mayunivesite David Willetts idatcha mtengo wamaphunziro mazana masauzande a maphunziro a digiri ya ophunzira "mtolo kwa wokhometsa msonkho womwe umayenera kuthetsedwa". Bambo Willetts adadzudzula boma la New Labor kuti likhazikitse kudalira pakati pa mayunivesite pa "kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama kuchokera ku Exchequer", ndiko kuti, "[an] kulingalira kwa bajeti zomwe zikukwera nthawi zonse". Kuti athetse vutoli, Willetts wapempha kuti pakhale "kuganiza mozama" ndi "kuganiza mwatsopano" mu ndondomeko ya maphunziro apamwamba.
Nkhani iyi ya 'kuganiza kwatsopano kopitilira muyeso' ikubisa mfundo yoti lonjezo la kudula ndi mfundo zomwe zikuperekedwa pambuyo pake zikuyimira kupitiliza kwa malingaliro azaka makumi angapo okonzanso mayunivesite motsatira njira za neoliberal.
Ngakhale a Willetts akutsutsa kuti mayunivesite adalira ndalama zomwe zikukwera, ndalama za UK pa maphunziro apamwamba ndi thandizo la ophunzira monga gawo la GDP lalephera kukwera pamwamba pa chiwerengero chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1997 pamene New Labor inayamba kulamulira (http://www.ucu.org.uk/csrdocs/csrsection07.pdf: 5). Zowonadi, UK ikupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa pamaphunziro apamwamba monga gawo la GDP yake kuposa avareji ya OECD. Mu 2002 Association of University Teachers inanena kuti mayunivesite aku UK adakumana ndi kuchepa kwa ndalama zopitirira ยฃ2 biliyoni za 2003/4 (http://www.ucu.org.uk/circ/aut/html/la7120.html). Izi zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito pamaphunziro apamwamba kuyambira paulamuliro wa Margaret Thatcher. Mayunivesite atafunsa momwe amayenera kukwaniritsira kupereลตeraku komanso kusapeza ndalama, boma linayankha kuti: pemphani makampani azinsinsi. Chifukwa chake, monga ndanenera kwina, mayunivesite adapereka ntchito zawo kwa anthu amalonda, motero amagulitsa kafukufuku wapayunivesite mopanda phindu la kufunafuna chidziwitso.
Izi zochepetsera ndalama zamaphunziro apamwamba, zolungamitsidwa ndi nkhani zabodza za 'kuthana ndi zoperewera', zikuyimira zoyesayesa zaposachedwa zokankhira malonda pakhosi la ogwira ntchito ku yunivesite ndi ophunzira. A Willetts apempha mayunivesite kuti "ateteze njira zatsopano zopezera ndalama" ndi kupanga zatsopano pofuna "kupititsa patsogolo luso la ophunzira ndi kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro" ngakhale kuti mayunivesite amakakamizika kusiya antchito ndi kutseka madipatimenti. Lingaliro la njira zatsopano zopezera ndalama likugwirizana ndi chilankhulo cha New Labor's zomwe akuganiza pa 'Tsogolo la Maphunziro Apamwamba' mu 2003, kuti mayunivesite ayenera "kukweza ndalama zawo, popanda boma". M'malo mwake mayunivesite akhala akukakamizika kupeza ndalama zina kwazaka zambiri, zomwe zimawatsogolera kulimbikitsa kuphunzitsa ndi kafukufuku wopindulitsa pazamalonda.
Ndili mkati mwa nkhaniyi pamene tiyenera kutanthauzira zoneneza za Willett kuti "[t] dongosolo ilibe zolimbikitsa zamphamvu kuti mayunivesite aziganizira kwambiri za kuphunzitsa ndi zochitika za ophunzira, mosiyana ndi kafukufuku". Kuitana kwa Willett kuti mayunivesite apeze njira zina zothandizira ndalama kumangowonjezera mpikisano wopeza ndalama zofufuzira kuchokera kumakampani azamalonda. Pakadali pano, kuchepetsedwa kwa ndalama zamayunivesite komanso kuchotsedwa ntchito komwe kumatsatira kudzangowonjezera mavuto kwa ophunzira otsalawo. Chotsatira cha izi chidzakhala chiwonongeko chowonjezereka pa kuphunzitsa ndi ku yunivesite. A'dongosolo la maphunziro oyendetsedwa ndi msikaโsi njira yothetsera mavuto a mayunivesiteโ; ndiye vuto.
Anti-kudula maukonde ndi kulimbana kwakukulu
Poyankha macheka odzipangira okhawa, magulu atsopano odana ndi kudula atuluka m'dziko lonselo. The Glasgow Uni Anti-Cuts Action Network yakonza misonkhano ndi zionetsero mโmiyezi ingapo yapitayi, pamene nthambi ya Glasgow ya University and College Union (UCU) Scotland yavota mokomera voti yokhudza ntchito za mafakitale ngati oyangโanira mayunivesite apitirizabe kuopseza kuti achotsedwa ntchito. Strathclyde mofananamo adapanga Anti-Cuts Action Network. Pa Marichi 31st iwo anachita kuguba motsutsana ndi kudula. Kuwonjezera kumpoto, a Aberdeen Tetezani Kampeni Yamaphunziro adakhala ku likulu la Aberdeen Uni's Kings College kwa maola 48, pomwe aphunzitsi kumeneko adawopsezanso kuti amenya. Dundee tsopano ili ndi Anti-Cuts Action Network yomwe imaphatikizapo mamembala a bungwe la ophunzira awo ndipo, akugwira ntchito ndi nthambi ya Dundee ya UCU, akhala akupanga misonkhano ndi ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi Dundee Uni's 'strategic review', ndemanga yomwe tsopano yavomerezedwa ndi yunivesite yawo. Khoti. Ku Edinburgh, bungwe la Uni's Students Association latsutsa kudulidwa ndikukonza ziwonetsero mu Januware kunja kwa Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Scotland.
Mbali ziwiri za magulu atsopano odana ndi mabala ndi ofunika. Choyamba, iwo akhudza onse ogwira ntchito ndi ophunzira. Izi zikuwonekera ku Britain mokulirapo, pomwe mayunivesite ambiri amawona ophunzira atayimirira ndi ogwira nawo ntchito omwe amamenyedwa ndi omwe amawachitira zabwino ophunzirawo akalangidwa ndi mayunivesite awo chifukwa chochita ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi kudulidwa. Ichi ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri ngati ophunzira apewe kutchedwa odzikonda chifukwa chokana, tinene, kukwera kwa chindapusa. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa ndi kufotokoza mfundo yakuti zosowa za ogwira ntchito ndi ophunzira zimangowonetsedwa ngati zosagwirizana chifukwa izi zimachepetsa mphamvu zathu zotsutsana ndi kukonzanso kwa neoliberal. M'malo mwake antchito ndi ophunzira adagawana zomwe amakonda zomwe zimathandizidwa bwino pokana kutsatsa. Mgwirizano woterewu ulinso, monga Alex Callinicos zolemba bwino, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale dongosolo la maphunziro apamwamba ademokalase otenga nawo mbali.
Kachiwiri, maguluwa onse akhala akuyitanitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko, pakati pa magulu odana ndi mabala komanso kampeni zina. Tsopano pali bungwe la UK Education Activist Network ndi National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts, yomalizayi idatuluka pamsonkhano womwe unachitika mu February. Posachedwapa, ogwira ntchito ndi ophunzira adatha kugawana nkhani ndi kupambana pa msonkhano wadzidzidzi wa Kampeni ya Ufulu Wogwira Ntchito chichitike chitangotha โโchisankho. Kutenga nawo mbali pamakampeni ngati awa ndikofunikira. Monga momwe nkhawa za ogwira ntchito zamaphunziro ndi ophunzira zimalumikizidwa, momwemonso nkhawa za omwe ali m'mayunivesite ndi omwe ali m'magulu onse aboma akukumana ndi chiyembekezo chofanana cha kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kutsekedwa chifukwa cha kuchepa. Ogwira ntchito ndi ophunzira awonetsa kale thandizo lawo pamizere ya anthu ogwira ntchito m'chipinda cha BA, omwe kumenyera malipiro abwino ndi ntchito zikupitilirabe. Magulu odana ndi kudula, pamodzi ndi antchito ena, ayenera kupanga nkhani yogwirizana motsutsana ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa mabungwe aboma: kuchepetsedwa kwa ntchito zaboma mofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ulova, zomwe zikufanana ndi kuchepa kwakufunika kwachuma, zomwe zikufanana ndi kutsika kwachuma.
Tiyeneranso kugwirizana pakati pa mavuto azachuma ndi zina zofunika kumanzere. Mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwachuma kwathandiza kwambiri gulu lankhondo la Britain, lomwe lachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azilembetsedwa mโkaundula pamene mwayi wa ntchito mโmadera ena ukuchepa. Akuluakulu ankhondo nawonso avomereza kuti kuchuluka kwa anthu olemba anthu ntchito ndi chifukwa chazovuta zazachuma - olembedwa atsopanowa makamaka ndizovuta zachuma. Pamene boma latsopano la mgwirizano likuwona nkhondo ku Afghanistan ndalama imodzi yofunikira kwambiri ku 'zofuna zadziko' kuti ziwunikidwe, kuyankha koyenera pa chitukukochi ndikugwirizanitsa nkhondo yopitirirabe ya imperialist ndi nkhondo yopitilira zachuma yolimbana ndi anthu ogwira ntchito. Omenyera nkhondo ndi odana ndi zodula ayenera palimodzi kuyitanitsa nkhondo & kulembedwa kwachuma kuti alowe m'malo ndikubwezera kunja & ndalama zapagulu kunyumba.
Ophunzira ali ndi zambiri zoti aganizire m'chilimwe. Koma m'malo mosiya kulephera kwa mabala, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawiyi kuti tiwonjezere zomwe olimbikitsa ophunzira aku Britain apanga pazaka zingapo zapitazi, makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito za ophunzira chaka chatha potsutsa kuukira kwa Israeli ku Gaza ndi Gaza. maulalo a mayunivesite athu ku ntchito ya Israeli. Lingaliro lenileni lamphamvu silikhala ndi boma lomwe likufuna kuti neoliberalism ikhale yamoyo. Zili ndi ife.
* ZOCHITIKA *
Zachisoni, monga kunanenedweratu, mabala ayamba ku St Andrews. Sikuti ali ndi yunivesite yokha mapulani obwerera kuti akonzenso laibulale yake, aphunzitsi a zilankhulo zamakono tsopano akukumana ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito. Wolemba mabuku wina anati machenjezo a kuchepetsa ntchito โโ yainda siidziwika bwino. Kusunthaku kwafotokozedwa ndi yunivesite ngati gawo la "kukonzanso" kwa dipatimenti yake ya zilankhulo.
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