KUSANKHA zisankho ku Ukraine kukuwonetsedwa m'manyuzipepala aku US ngati nkhondo yapakati pa ma demokalase ochirikiza Washington ndi olamulira a Moscow. Koma ndi kukangana kwa mphamvu mโgulu lolamuliridwa ndi andale achinyengo komanso olemera omwe amawathandiza.
Zili choncho ndithu kuti woimira boma la pulezidenti wapano, nduna yaikulu Viktor Yanukovichโyemwe amathandizidwa ndi Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putinโabera chisankhocho ndi chinyengo chofala pa chisankho cha pa Novembara 21. Koma malinga ndi owonera zisankho, Panalinso malipoti achinyengo m'madera akumadzulo kwa Ukraine a Viktor Yushchenko, nduna yayikulu yomwe imathandizidwa ndi US ndi European Union (EU).
Otsatira a Yushchenko adakopa chidwi cha dziko lapansi posonkhanitsa otsatira 100,000 m'misewu ya likulu la Kiev kwa nthawi yoposa sabata, kutsekereza nyumba za boma ndikuyitanitsa kuti anthu ayambe kunyanyala pamene akufuna chisankho chatsopano. Komabe Yanukovich analinso ndi misonkhano yambiri mumzinda wa Donetsk kum'mawa kwa Ukraine, komwe kuli madera achuma m'dziko lomwe anthu ambiri amalankhula Chirasha.
Chisankhochi chimasewera pamagawidwe am'mbiri ku Ukraine pakati pa Kum'mawa kwa dzikoli ndi Kumadzulo kwa Chiyukireniya, komwe kwakhala pansi paulamuliro wa Moscow kuyambira 1940, pomwe USSR ya Stalin idalanda ndikulanda. Koma ngati ofuna kusankhidwa achitapo kusiyana kotereku, ndichifukwa chakuti kusiyana kwawo kwenikweni kumakhala kochepa.
Lingaliro lakuti vutoli likungolankhula Chirasha Kum'mawa kwa Ukraine motsutsana ndi West Ukraine ndi "zachabechabe," wolemba mabuku waku Russia komanso wotsutsa Boris Kagarlitsky adauza Socialist Worker. "Malo ofunikira omwe mumatsutsa kwambiri boma ndi Kiev, omwe amalankhula Chirasha," adatero. "M'makalasi, ndi ziwonetsero zazing'ono za bourgeois zotsutsana ndi oligarchs akum'mawa - ndipo oligarchs amalankhula Chirasha. Simungathe kufotokoza izi m'mawu amtundu, mwatsoka. Mbali zonse ziwiri ndi zotsutsana. โ
Kagarlitsky akufanizira kulimbikitsana ndi zionetsero za "mphamvu za anthu" ku Philippines mu 2001, zomwe zidakakamiza boma limodzi lokhazikika - ndikupangitsa kuti lilowe m'malo ndi lina.
Zowonadi, zovutazi zikuwonetsa nkhondo yomwe ili mkati mwa olamulira aku Ukraine pa momwe angayendere ku Russia ndi Kumadzulo. Mwachitsanzo, Yanukovich, wowonetsedwa ndi US ngati lackey waku Moscow, watumiza asitikali aku Ukraine 1,600 ku Iraq ndikulamula asitikali aku Ukraine kuti anyamule asitikali a NATO kupita ku Afghanistan.
Ndipo pamene kampani yachitsulo ya ku Russia inayesa kugula kampani yaikulu ya ku Ukraine ndi madola 1.2 biliyoni, Yanukovich analetsa mgwirizanowo ndipo anakonza zoti agulitse munthu wina wa mโboma la Ukraine pamtengo wa madola 800 miliyoni okha. Yushchenko, mosiyana, adagulitsa makampani anayi othandizira makampani olamulidwa ndi Russia.
Ngati Yanukovich adathandizidwa ndi a Putin, ndi zina chifukwa boma la Russia lidaganiza kuti Purezidenti wapano, Leonid Kuchma, amuthandiza kuba zisankho-ndipo kuti kuli bwino kupita ndi wopambana.
Mu kampeni yake, Yanukovich adapempha anthu ambiri ponena kuti kumadzulo kwa Ukraine ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Kum'mawa kwa mafakitale, komwe kumapanga pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya ndalama zonse zapakhomo.
Yushchenko, chifukwa cha udindo wake wonse ngati ngwazi ya demokalase, ndi wakale wakubanki wamkulu yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake ngati nduna yayikulu kukakamiza anthu ogwira ntchito molimbika - m'dziko lomwe malipiro apamwezi anali $80 okha mu 2002.
Wothandizira wake wamkulu ndi Yulia Tymoshenko, m'modzi mwa oligarchs olemera kwambiri m'dzikoli pakati pa kagulu kakang'ono ka mamembala akale a Chikomyunizimu ndi mamenejala ogulitsa mafakitale omwe adapambana pazambiri zachinyengo zamakampani aboma pomwe Ukraine idadziyimira pawokha pomwe USSR idagwa mu 1991. Boma la Yushchenko, Tymoshenko adagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za boma kufinya omwe amapikisana nawo mpaka Kuchma adamutulutsa pamilandu yakatangale. Yushchenko mwiniwake adatulutsidwa mu 2001 atayesa kulanga oligarchs ndi kusintha kwachuma ndi ndale.
Masiku ano, Yushchenko amasewera ndi malingaliro a mamiliyoni a anthu omwe akhutitsidwa ndi ziphuphu za Kuchma, yemwe adagwidwa pa tepi ya audio mu 2000 ndikulamula kuphedwa kwa mtolankhani wotsutsa. Koma monga nduna yaikulu, Yushchenko mwiniwake anali pakatikati pa ntchito ya Kuchma.
Polimbikitsa maziko awo ndikukakamiza kuti Yanukovich achotsedwe, Yushchenko ndi Tymoshenko adakweza pachiwopsezo ndikuyika pachiwopsezo kuti zinthu zitha kuchoka m'manja mwawo. Kuseri kwa zitseko zotsekedwa, komabe, anali kukambirana za chisankho chatsopano kapena mgwirizano wogawana mphamvu pomwe Yushchenko adzalandira utsogoleri pamene Yanukovich akadali woyendetsa mphamvu ku Eastern Ukraine.
"Aliyense azisangalala - kupatula omwe adawonetsa m'misewu," adatero Kagarlitsky. Komabe, anawonjezera kuti, โzidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kulamulira Ukraine pamene boma latsopano lidzayamba kulamulira. Pali gulu lenileni lademokalase, ndipo likulephera kuwongolera utsogoleri wapano. "
Ndi chiyani chomwe chili pachiwopsezo ku Washington?
PAMENE Mlembi wa boma la United States a Colin Powell analengeza kuti dziko la United States silivomereza zotsatira za zisankho za ku Ukraine, chinali maziko a kuyesetsa kwa Washington kuti Viktor Yushchenko asankhidwe.
Potsatira chitsanzo chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ku Serbia ndi Georgia ndipo sichinapambane ku Belarus, ntchito zambiri za Yushchenko zakhala "zolipiridwa ndi kukonzedwa ndi boma la US, kutumizira maulangizi a US, ovota, akazembe, maphwando awiri akuluakulu a ku America ndi mabungwe omwe si a boma a US," Nyuzipepala ya ku Britain yotchedwa Guardian inati.
Oimira gulu la ophunzira aku Serbia - omwe adaphunzitsidwa zambiri kuchokera ku zovala zothandizidwa ndi boma la US monga National Endowment for Democracy - adakhazikitsa malo ku Kiev panthawi yachisankho.
Business Week idafotokoza chifukwa chake US ili ndi chidwi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dziko lakuda lachonde komanso anthu ophunzira 49 miliyoni, dziko la Ukraine ndi msika womwe ukufunikira kwambiri. Monga wopanga wamkulu wazitsulo ndi makina, Ukraine ikupindula kwambiri ndi kufunikira ku China. Chuma chatsala pang'ono kukula ndi 11 peresenti chaka chino - chachangu kwambiri ku Europe - ndipo msika wamasheya wakwera 100 peresenti.
Palibe amene ayenera kupusitsidwa ndi zonena za US zochirikiza demokalase ku Ukraine. Washington yanyalanyaza chinyengo cha zisankho kudera lomwe kale linali USSR-kuchokera ku Russia kupita kumayiko olemera kwambiri ku Central Asia.
Poyesera kuthandiza Yushchenko kukhala muudindo, US ikufuna kukokera Ukraine kulowa munjira ya Washington.
Russia ikulowerera mu ufumu wakale
KUYESA kwa MOSCOW kukopa zotsatira za zisankho ku Ukraine ndikuyesa kukhalabe ndi chikoka mu ufumu wake wakale.
Likulu la Ukraine la Kiev linali kwawo kwa ufumu woyamba wa "Russian" m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, koma Ukraine inayamba chinenero ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana. Ndi kuwuka kwa Moscow, Ukraine idagonjetsedwa ndi kukula kwa Ufumu wa Russia wa Tsars, ndipo dera lakumadzulo linatengedwa ndi Ufumu wa Austro-Hungary.
Mu Revolution ya Russia ya 1917, nkhondo ya ku Ukraine yodziyimira pawokha inali yofunika kwambiri. Ukraine woyamba wodziyimira pawokha udayendetsedwa ndi mfumu yachijeremani-ndipo alimi aku Ukraine adatsata chikomyunizimu pankhondo yapachiweniweni yomwe idatsata zisinthe. Pambuyo pake Ukraine idalowa mu USSR ngati lipabuliki yofanana ndi Russia-koma kuukira kwa wolamulira wankhanza Stalin chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920 kunabweretsa mphamvu zaposachedwa ku Moscow pansi paulamuliro wa boma wa capitalist.
Kugwirizana kwaulimi kwa Stalin kunayambitsa njala ku Ukraine m'zaka za m'ma 1930 zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu 6 mpaka 7 miliyoni aphedwe. Stalin adatsutsanso ufumu wa Tsars-ndipo pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, adagwiritsa ntchito asitikali ake kuti abweretse mayiko aku Eastern Europe pansi pa ulamuliro wa Moscow. Ukraine idapereka zambiri zaulimi - komanso zida zankhondo ndi mafakitale - za USSR mu nthawi ya Stalin.
Kusintha kwachuma ndi ndale ku USSR chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 kunayambitsa zisinthe ku Eastern Europe mu 1989 ndi kugwa kwa USSR komweko zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Ukraine, idakali yogwirizana kwambiri pazachuma ndi Russia, pang'onopang'ono ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi Kumadzulo komanso kukhazikitsa maziko a mkangano womwe ulipo.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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