Ngakhale akukana mobwerezabwereza kuchokera kwa Purezidenti Bush ndi ena muulamuliro wake kuti boma la US silimazunza kapena kupereka akaidi kumayiko omwe amatero, maakaunti angapo omwe adawona ndi maso ndi malipoti atolankhani amatsutsana ndi zonena za White House. Pambuyo pa Seputembara 11, 2001 ku New York City ndi Washington, olamulira a Bush adatengera lamulo lotchedwa "kumasulira modabwitsa" lomwe limalola kusamutsidwa kwa anthu ochepa omwe akuwakayikira kumayiko omwe adagwiritsa ntchito njira zofufuzira mwankhanza ku US.
M’zaka zaposachedwapa, lamulo la boma la “kubwezera” lakula kwambiri, ndipo akuti chiwerengero cha akaidi omangidwa ku United States omwe anasamutsidwa kupita ku mayiko ozunza afika 150. Amene akutsatiridwa ndi lamuloli ndi Maher Arar, nzika ya Canada imene inamangidwa. ku New York City ndiyeno anatumizidwa ku Syria, kumene anazunzidwa kwa miyezi ingapo asanatulutsidwe popanda mlandu. Mkaidi wina, Mamdouh Habib, yemwe akuimbidwa mlandu wophunzitsa angapo mwa omwe adabera 9/11, adasungidwa kundende ya US ku Guantanamo Bay, ku Cuba ndipo pambuyo pake adasamutsira ku Egypt komwe akuti adamenyedwa ndikuwotchedwa. Chidutswa cha m'magazini ya Feb. 8th ya New Yorker magazini yolembedwa ndi Jane Mayer, yotchedwa, "Outsourcing Torture," mwatsatanetsatane pulogalamu yomasulira ndi zina mwazonenedweratu zotsutsana ndi kayendetsedwe ka Bush.
Pakati pa The Lines Scott Harris adalankhula ndi a Michael Ratner, Purezidenti wa Center for Constitutional Rights komanso loya wamkulu wa akaidi omwe ali ku Guantanamo US Naval Base. Ratner akuwonetsa kukhudzidwa kwake kwakukulu ndi mfundo zomasulira komanso uthenga womwe watumizidwa kudziko lonse lapansi ndi kutsimikizira kwaposachedwa kwa Senate Alberto Gonzalez ngati Attorney General watsopano wa Bush Administration.
Michael Ratner: Chabwino, tinazindikira izi mu December 2002; panali zolemba zina mu Washington Post zomwe US idachita "kumasulira modabwitsa." Nthawi zonse pakhala pali kachitidwe kakang'ono komasulira ngakhale pansi pa Purezidenti Clinton, komwe amanyamula anthu kudziko lina ndikukawapereka kudziko lina pazifukwa zake, nthawi zambiri amazenga milandu kuti??? iwo sangakhoze kupeza mgwirizano ndi zina zotero. Izo si mchitidwe walamulo, koma iwo anachita izo mu nkhani zochepa.
Pambuyo pa 9/11, zinadziwika kuchokera m'nkhani zina zankhani ndi magwero ena kuti anali ndi machitidwe atsopano otchedwa "kumasulira kwachilendo." Zinatanthauza zinthu ziwiri: Adzachita izi mokulirapo kuti atenge anthu padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka “kuwasowa” m'nyumba zawo, madera awo kapena mayiko awo - kapena kudziko lililonse lomwe analimo - ndikuwatenga. kuwaika kumalo kumene amakafunsidwa mafunso mwa kuzunzidwa. Malo omwe angawatengereko akanakhala ku Egypt, Morocco; Pankhani yomwe tikuimirira, Maher Arar, (ndi) munthu wotengedwa ku Syria, ndi mayiko ena. Ndipo adachita zomwe ndikuganiza pang'ono pazifukwa ziwiri: Chimodzi ndikuti pali njira zomwe sanafune kugwiritsa ntchito pa anthu omwe amazunzidwa, ndikuti mwanjira ina zitha kukhala zovomerezeka ngati mayiko ena adachita izi ndipo sanatero. Zachidziwikire, chimenecho si chifukwa chabwino chalamulo, chomwe ndikuthandizira ndikuthandizira - ndipo chachiwiri chomwe chili chosangalatsa ndichakuti US idatsala pang'ono kuzunzidwa.
Munthu woyamba yemwe tidapeza yemwe adatipatsa chithunzithunzi anali mwamuna wina dzina lake Maher Arar, akuchokera ku Tunisia, nzika ya Canada paulendo wa pandege pa eyapoti ya Kennedy. (Iye) adatengedwa ku Kennedy, akudzinenera kuti ndi wachigawenga ndi boma la United States, anatumizidwa ku Syria mu imodzi mwa ndege zachinsinsi za Citation, zomwe ndi zomwe amachita kuti apulumutse anthu padziko lonse lapansi, ndikuzunzidwa ku Syria. . Pambuyo pake chifukwa anali wa ku Canada, chifukwa tinkadziwa kuti anali komweko, chifukwa adatha kuyimbira foni mkazi wake ku Kennedy asanatulutsidwe, tinamutulutsa pambuyo pa miyezi 10 ndi masiku 10 m'ndende yapansi panthaka.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, pakhala pali zolemba zambiri za mchitidwewu. Ndipo mchitidwewo si zoipa chabe m'lingaliro kuti kumene kumaphwanya malire ndi kubedwa, koma kwenikweni kusowa anthu ndi nthawi zambiri ine ndikuganiza mbisoweka iwo kuzunzidwa, ndipo mwina konse kuti anamvanso. Mwachitsanzo, sindikuganiza kuti anthu ankayembekezera kuti Arar, mwamuna wa ku Syria, adzamvekanso. Kotero ndi chizolowezi chachikulu chikuchitika tsopano. Dziko lathu lili ndi manja ake mpaka m'zigongono, ngati si apamwamba, pakuchita izi. Pakati pa Mizere: Kodi magulu omenyera ufulu wa anthu ndi bungwe lanu akupanga chiyani kuti atsutse mchitidwewu?
Michael Ratner: Scott, zakhala zovuta kwambiri kufikako. Mukudziwa kuti tili ndi milandu yomwe ikuyembekezera ku Guantanamo mwachiwonekere pakuzunzidwa. Tili ndi mlandu wa Freedom of Information Act womwe tidabwera nawo ndi magulu ena osiyanasiyana, Madokotala a Ufulu Wachibadwidwe, ACLU ndi ena, kuti ayesetse kufika pansi. Magulu monga - zofufuza zomwe zidasankhidwa ndi boma lathu monga kafukufuku wa Schlesinger ndi ena. Mukawerenga malipoti omwe adatuluka, CIA imakana kuyankhula ndi aliyense pazomwe akuchita. Mukayang'ana ma memo a Gonzalez ndi ma memo ena onse ozunza, omwe mwanjira ina anali kwenikweni kulola CIA kuchita nawo machitidwe ena ozunza. M'ma memos omasulira, omwe amamasuliridwa modabwitsa, omwe adafunsidwa ndi komiti yaing'ono ya (Seneti ya US) kuti avomereze Gonzalez, Komiti Yoweruza, sanawonepo kuwala kwa tsiku, kotero sitikudziwa zomwe akunena.
Awa ndi malo ovuta kwambiri kufikako, mwanjira zina ndi chidendene cha Achilles. Ndipamene mbali zoyipa za nkhondo yosaloledwa, zomwe zimatchedwa, nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga zikuchitika.
Pakati pa Mizere: Alberto Gonzalez adangotsimikiziridwa kukhala loya wamkulu waku US. Kodi imatumiza uthenga wanji kudziko lapansi wololera ku America kuzunzidwa ndi mfundo zamtsogolo zomwe ziyenera kutuluka muulamuliro wa Bush wokhudza kuzunzidwa?
Michael Ratner: Chabwino, ndizosautsa kwambiri. Ndikutanthauza, Alberto Gonzalez sanali yekhayo amene adalemba, wolemba komanso yemwe anali ndi udindo pa memo yomwe imatcha machitidwe ofunsa mafunso kapena chitetezo cha Misonkhano Yachigawo ya Geneva "zachikale" ndi zina, "zodabwitsa." Iye ndi amene adanena kuti Geneva sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe adatengedwa, ndipo zofunikira za Geneva siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Iye ndi amene adachita nawonso memo yotchuka yochokera kwa (Wothandizira Attorney General Jay S.) Bybee yomwe inafotokozera mazunzo mochepa kwambiri kuti zonse zomwe mudaziwona ku Abu Ghraib sizingaganizidwe kuti ndizozunzidwa. Ndipo ndani lero akuumirira kuti osakhala nzika, ndipo ndikufuna kutsindika izi, anthu omwe si nzika za United States satetezedwa ku nkhanza, zankhanza komanso zonyozeka - omwe ndi mawu oyimira maloya athu oti achitire nkhanza, kungo mthunzi pansi pa mazunzo. Kotero ndiye munthu amene watsimikiziridwa.
Kodi imatumiza uthenga wanji? Zimatumiza mauthenga awiri kwa ine ndikuganiza kwa ogwirizana athu ndi padziko lonse lapansi komanso ku gulu la ufulu wa anthu. Chimodzi ndichoti sikuti tikungokana kufufuza ndi kupita m'gulu la olamulira pozunza, koma kwenikweni tikukweza maudindo a ozunza omwe, ndi iwo omwe amadzizunza okha.
Chifukwa chake Alberto Gonzalez adatsimikiziridwa ngati loya wamkulu. Woweruza Michael Chertoff ali ndi chitetezo cha dziko. Kusankhidwa kwake (kunali) kunayimilira pang'ono podikirira zolemba zina. Koma zikuoneka kuti anavomerezanso njira zosiyanasiyana zimene ndikuganiza kuti ndi zozunza anthu. Muli ndi Donald Rumsfeld akukulitsidwa kwa zaka zina zinayi monga Dept. of Defense mutu, Mlembi wa Chitetezo, ndipo kachiwiri adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanzazo. Muli ndi Lt. General Ricardo S. Sanchez, mtsogoleri wa Iraq pa nthawi ya Abu Ghraib, mtsogoleri wa asilikali kumeneko akuganiziridwa ngati nyenyezi yachinayi.
Chifukwa chake, tikukweza anthu, ndipo m'malingaliro mwanga, zomwe zimapangitsa anthu onse omwe ali okonzeka kuwakweza, kuwavotera, kuganiza kuti ayenera kupeza ntchito, makamaka okhudzidwa - ngati sichoncho pakuzunzidwa komwe - pachikuto. pamwamba pa mazunzo.
Magulu angapo omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe apempha kuti pakhale kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha, kapena oimira oyimira milandu apadera azisankhidwa, chifukwa Alberto Gonzalez ali wosayenerera.
Michael Ratner ndi purezidenti wa Center for Constitutional Rights komanso wolemba nawo limodzi ndi Ellen Ray wa bukuli: "Guantanamo: What The World Should Know." Lumikizanani ndi Center for Constitutional Rights poyimba foni (212) 614-6464, kapena pitani patsamba la Center pa www.ccr-ny.org.
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