Boma la Trump likukankhira mwamphamvu pa chiwembu chake chopanga Space Force. Sabata yatha Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Pence, wapampando wa National Space Council yomwe yangokhazikitsidwa kumene, polankhula ku Pentagon adati: "Yakwana nthawi yoti tilembe mutu wotsatira m'mbiri ya asitikali athu ankhondo, kukonzekera nkhondo yotsatira."
Pence ananena zabodza kuti: "Adani athu asintha malo kukhala malo omenyera nkhondo kale ndipo United States sidzasiya kuthana ndi vutoli."
Trump, yemwe mu June adalengeza kuti "akulangiza Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo ndi Pentagon kuti ayambe mwamsanga ntchito yofunikira kuti akhazikitse Space Force ngati nthambi yachisanu ndi chimodzi ya asilikali," kutsatira adilesi ya Pence Lachinayi mwamsanga: "Space Force njira yonse. !"
Nthawi yomweyo, kuwonetsa kuti Space Force drive idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pazandale, bungwe la kampeni ya Trump lidatumiza imelo yopempha othandizira kuti asankhe pakati pa ma logo asanu ndi limodzi a Space Force omwe awonetsedwa. "Purezidenti Trump akufuna Space Force - ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya tsogolo la America komanso malire omaliza," adalemba Brad Parscale, woyang'anira kampeni wa "Donald J. Trump kwa Purezidenti, 2020." "Kuti tikondwerere chilengezo chachikulu cha Purezidenti Trump, kampeni yathu ikhala ikugulitsa zida zatsopano." Adafunsa othandizira kuti asankhe "logo yomwe mumakonda."
"Ino ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri pomwe anthu ayenera kuyimirira kuti 'ayi! adatero Bruce Gagnon, wogwirizira wa Global Network Against Against Weapons & Nuclear Power mu Space, pa blog yake. "Star Wars" si "yotsika mtengo, ndi lingaliro lamisala, ndipo ikhoza kutsogolera ku WW III - nkhondo yomaliza," adatero Gagnon.
Global Network, yochokera ku Maine ndipo idakhazikitsidwa mu 1992, idaganiza pamsonkhano wawo wapachaka, mu June ku Oxford, United Kingdom, kuti dongosolo la Space Force likhale cholinga cha "International Week of Protest to Stop the Militarization of Space."
Zidzachitika pakati pa Okutobala 6 ndi 13 ndi ziwonetsero ndi zochita zina zotsutsana ndi dongosolo la Space Force zomwe zikuchitika ku United States komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, US Chapter, ndi omwe amathandizira nawo.
"Kodi dziko lathu losauka lingakwanitse bwanji kulipira Star Wars zomwe makampani opanga ndege akhala akunena kuti ndi ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya mafakitale m'mbiri ya anthu?" adatero Gagnon. "Njira yokhayo ndiyo kuwonongeratu chitukuko cha anthu - kudula Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid ndi zomwe zatsala pang'ono pa pulogalamu ya chithandizo. Kodi inu muyimirira izo?โ
Chojambula chomwe Global Network ikugwiritsa ntchito sabatayi chili ndi mutu wakuti "No Space Force" ndipo chikuwonetsa Trump mu chisoti cha Darth Vader. Pansi pa izi pali "Space for Peace" ndi kufotokozera izi: "Trump adalengeza mapulani a Space Force - gulu lankhondo lapadera lomwe lingawonetsetse kuti US 'ulamuliro ndi kulamulira' malo m'malo mwamakampani. China, Russia ndi mayiko ena oyenda m'mlengalenga akanakhala zolinga zake. Pansi pa kukakamizidwa ndi makampani opanga ndege lingaliro ili lingafunike ndalama zambiri za okhometsa msonkho. Timachitcha kuti Mapiramidi Kumwamba. Congress ikhala ndi chivomerezo chomaliza cha lingaliro la Trump. Pangano la UN la Outer Space Treaty ndi Moon Treaty lalengeza kuti malo ayenera kusungidwa kuti anthu onse azitha. Tithandizeni kugonjetsa mapulani a zida za danga. Gwirani ntchito kuti muteteze kupita patsogolo kwa anthu pa Dziko Lapansi m'malo mwa mpikisano wa zida zatsopano mumlengalenga. #Palibe Space Force."
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Ngati a Donald Trump atenga njira yake ndipo pali US Space Force, kumwamba kudzakhala malo ankhondo, padzakhaladi "mpikisano wa zida m'mlengalenga," ndipo mosakayikira nkhondo mumlengalenga.
Mlembi wa chitetezo ku US Jim Mattis akudziwitsa Pence pa maonekedwe ake a Pentagon, adati Space Force ikufunika chifukwa malo "akukhala malo omenyera nkhondo." Kunena zowona, monga momwe Pence ananeneraโโAdani athu asintha kale malo kukhala malo omenyera nkhondoโโsizoona.
Izi ndi zina chifukwa cha pangano la Outer Space Treaty la 1967 lomwe limatchula danga ngati mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamtendere - pomwe Russia ndi China ndi US ndi maphwando. Zowonadi, US pamodzi ndi UK ndi Soviet Union, adagwira ntchito limodzi pakusonkhanitsa mgwirizanowu.
Monga Craig Eisendrath, yemwe anali mkulu wa dipatimenti ya US State Department pakupanga kwake, adalemba mu 2001 TV yolembedwa ndidalemba ndikusimba kuti, "Star Wars Returns," Soviet Union idakhazikitsa satellite yoyamba yamlengalenga, Sputnik, mu 1957 ndi "ife. anayesetsa kuchotseratu zida zankhondo asanakhale ndi zidaโฆ
Idavomerezedwa ndi UN General Assembly mu 1966, idayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1967. Yavomerezedwa kapena kusainidwa ndi mayiko 123. Limanena kuti mayiko โayenera kuonetsetsa kuti asamaike zinthu zilizonse zonyamula zida zanyukiliya kapena zida zankhondo zamtundu uliwonse, kuika zida zoterozo mโmlengalenga, kapena kuika zida zoterozo mโmlengalenga mwa njira ina iliyonse.โ
Boma la Trump likuyika zonena zake kuti danga lakhala "malo omenyera nkhondo" pakuchita mopusa kwa China mu 2007 kugwiritsa ntchito mzinga kuwononga imodzi mwama satellite ake anyengo. Anthu aku China adati adadziwitsa US, Japan ndi mayiko ena asanachite izi. Ndipo Unduna wake Wachilendo pambuyo pake unaumirira kuti, "Palibe chifukwa choopsezedwa ndi izi," ndipo adanenanso kuti dziko la China lakhala likukakamiza kwa nthawi yaitali kuti pangano la Outer Space Treaty liletse osati zida zowononga anthu ambiri koma zida zonse za mlengalenga-chinachake. US, yokhayo pakati pa mayiko, idatsutsa ndipo idatsutsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chaka chotsatira, US mwiniyo adagwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa zida zake kuwononga satellite ya US yomwe siikugwira ntchito.
Kaya zachitidwa ndi China kapena US, imeneyo ndi njira yosayankhula yochotseratu setilaiti yakaleโimayambitsa zinyalala zazikulu.
Kupitilira cholinga cha Outer Space Treaty ndikuyika malo ake pambali ngati mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, palibe Russia kapena China zomwe zakhala zikufuna kubweretsa nkhondo mumlengalenga pazifukwa zachuma. Ndakhala ndikufufuzaโkulemba mabuku ndi nkhani ndi kuchita mapulogalamu a pawailesi yakanemaโzankhani yankhondo yamumlengalenga kwa zaka zoposa 30 ndipo ndayenda maulendo angapo ku Russia ndi kupita ku Chinanso.
Zida zopangira zida zankhondo zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri. Sitikuyerekeza ndi, tinene, tanki ngati Bradley Fighting Vehicle yomwe imawononga $ 3.1 miliyoni. Mabiliyoni ndi mabiliyoni adzafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma zinthu zikusintha ngati US itumiza zida mumlengalenga ndi Space Force ndi cholinga cholamulira Dziko Lapansi kuchokera pamalo okwera awa.
Ndipo monga a Trump adafotokozera momveka bwino mu chilengezo chake cha June: "Sikokwanira kungokhala ndi America mumlengalenga, tiyenera kukhala ndi ulamuliro waku America mumlengalenga."
Izi sizingavomerezedwe ndi Russia ndi China ndi mayiko ena. Pansi pa mikhalidwe imeneyi, iwo panthaลตiyo adzakhalanso kumeneko, ali ndi zidaโngakhale kuti anazengereza kwambiri mโzaka makumi ambiri kukhetsa chuma chawo chautundu pakuika zida mโmlengalenga.
Lingaliro la US kusunthira mumlengalenga ndi zida limabwerera kumbuyo, kuzaka za Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse pomwe boma la US lidabweretsa asayansi akale a rocket a Nazi kuchokera ku Germany kupita ku US kuti agwiritse ntchito "katswiri wawo waukadaulo kuti athandizire kupanga malo ndi zida za US. pulogalamu,โ alemba Jack Manno, pulofesa ku State University of New York/Environmental Science and Forestry College, mโbuku lake. Kukonzekera Kumwamba: Gulu Lankhondo Lobisika la Space, 1945-1995. "Ambiri mwa ndondomeko zoyambirira za nkhondo zapanyumba ankalota ndi asayansi akugwira ntchito kwa asilikali a ku Germany, asayansi amene anabweretsa miyala yawo ndi malingaliro awo ku America nkhondo itatha."
Ronald Reagan asanafike "Star Wars," Manno akulemba za Major General Walter Dornberger, yemwe kale anali woyang'anira pulogalamu yonse ya rocket ya Nazi, yemwe "mu 1947 monga wothandizira ku US Air Force ndi mlangizi wa Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo ... pepala lokonzekera mabwana ake atsopano. Anakonza zoti pakhale ma satelayiti mazana ambiri okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya omwe amayenda mozungulira mosiyanasiyana komanso mosiyanasiyana, iliyonse imatha kapena kulowanso mumlengalenga molamulidwa kuchokera pa Dziko Lapansi kuti ipitirire komwe ikufuna. Air Force idayamba kugwira ntchito pamalingaliro a Dornberger mochedwa NABS (Nuclear Armed Bombardment Satellites).
Kenako panabwera "Star Wars". Reagan paulendo wopita ku Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ku California, pomwe anali bwanamkubwa wawo, adakumana ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya atomiki Edward Teller, "bambo" wa bomba la haidrojeni ndi director of labu, yemwe adamufotokozera dongosolo lokhala ndi hydrogen yozungulira. mabomba omwe angapatse mphamvu ma laser a X-ray. "Bomba lomwe lili pakatikati pa bwalo lankhondo la X-ray lidaphulika, mizati ingapo idawombera kuti iwononge malo ambiri siteshoni yonse isanapse ndi moto wa nyukiliya," adatero. New York Times mtolankhani William Broad m'buku lake la 1986 Star Warriors.
Reagan atakhala pulezidenti, pakupanga "Star Wars" kunali kusintha kogwiritsa ntchito nsanja zankhondo zozungulira zokhala ndi zida zanyukiliya kapena "apamwamba" plutonium-fueled radioisotope thermoelectric jenereta zomwe zingapereke mphamvu yamfuti za hypervelocity, mizati ya tinthu ndi zida za laser.
Asilikali aku US akhala akukonda kwambiri nkhondo zakuthambo.
Bungwe la US Space Command linakhazikitsidwa m'chaka cha 1982. โUlamuliro wa US Spaceโomwe amalamulira mbali zonse zankhondo pofuna kuteteza zofuna za US ndi ndalama zake. Kuphatikizira Space Forces kunkhondo zomenyera nkhondo pamitundu yonse ya mikangano, "adatero lipoti lake la 1998. Masomphenya a 2020. US Space Command idakhazikitsidwa ndi Pentagon kuti "ithandizire kukhazikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito danga." Kapena, monga mwambi wa imodzi mwamagawo ake amanenera, kukhala "Master of Space."
Masomphenya a 2020 imati, โMโmbiri yakale, magulu ankhondo asintha nโcholinga choteteza zofuna za dziko ndi ndalamaโzankhondo ndi zachuma.โ Mayiko adamanga zombo zapamadzi "kuti ateteze ndi kupititsa patsogolo malonda awo" ndipo "pakufalikira chakumadzulo kwa United States, magulu ankhondo ndi apakavalo adatulukira kuti ateteze masitima apamtunda, malo okhala ndi njanji. Kuwonekera kwa mphamvu zamlengalenga kumatsatira zitsanzo zonsezi. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lachiwiri, mphamvu zakuthambo zidzasinthanso kukhala njira yosiyana komanso yofanana yankhondo. โ
"Zimakhudza ndale, koma zichitika," adatero mkulu wa asilikali a US Space Command a Joseph W. Ashy mu Sabata ya Aviation ndi Space Technology mu 1996. โAnthu ena safuna kumva zimenezi, ndipo nโzosakayikitsa kuti sizodziwika, komaโmtheradiโtidzamenyana mโmlengalenga. Timenya nkhondo kuchokeradanga ndipo tidzamenyana mudangaโฆ. Tsiku lina tidzakumana ndi zolinga zapadziko lapansi - zombo, ndege, malo omwe akufuna kumtunda - kuchokera mumlengalenga. โ
Kapena monga momwe lipoti la 2001 la gulu la zamlengalenga lotsogozedwa ndi Mlembi wa Chitetezo ku United States a Donald Rumsfeld ananenetsa kuti: โMโnyengo ikudzayi dziko la United States lidzachita ntchito, kuchokera, mโmlengalenga ndi kupyola mumlengalenga pofuna kuchirikiza zokomera dziko lake padziko lapansi ndi mโmaiko osiyanasiyana. danga.โ
Kugwirizana pakati pa mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi zida zapamlengalenga kwagogomezeredwa momveka bwino.
"M'zaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi, matekinoloje atsopano adzalola kuti zida zogwiritsa ntchito mlengalenga zigwiritsidwe ntchito popereka mphamvu ndi unyinji monga momwe zingakhalire pakulimbana mwanzeru ndi mwanzeru," adatero. New World Vistas: Air ndi Space Power ya 21st Century, lipoti la bungwe la US Air Force la 1996. "Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kupangitsa kuti ma lasers azikhala ndi misala komanso mtengo wopha anthu ambiri." Komabe, โkuchepa kwa mphamvu kumaika ziletsoโ pa zida za mโmlengalenga zoterozo kuzipangitsa kukhala โzosatheka kwenikweni,โ koma โumisiri wachilengedwe wotheketsa mphamvu zazikulu ndiwo mphamvu ya nyukiliya mโmlengalenga.โ Lipotilo linati: โPoika pambali nkhani za maganizo za mphamvu ya nyukiliya, lusoli limapereka njira ina yothandiza yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zambiri za mโmlengalenga.โ
Monga General James Abrahamson, mkulu wa Strategic Defense Initiative, ananenera pa Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion, "popanda ma reactors mu orbit [padzakhala] chingwe chachitali chopepuka [chokulitsa] chomwe chimatsikira kumtunda. pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansiโ kuti agwiritse ntchito zida za mโmlengalenga.
Kukankhira kwakukulu kwa "Star Wars" kunachepa pang'ono pansi pa ulamuliro wa George HW Bush koma anabwerera pansi pa mwana wake, George W. Bush. Mapurezidenti ena a pambuyo pa Reagan anali mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Ndipo tsopano Trump wabwera.
"Pentagon ikupereka Trump ndi Space Force. Congress ikhoza kuyichotsa, "unali mutu wankhani wa Vox koyambirira kwa mwezi uno. Inanenanso kuti Sean O'Keefe, yemwe kale anali woyang'anira NASA komanso mlembi wa asilikali a US Navy, anati: "Ili ndi yankho pofufuza vuto."
Ndipo idagwira mawu a Deborah Lee James, "mlembi womaliza wa Air Force komanso wotsutsa poyera lingaliro la Space Force, kuti: "Congress imamvadi mawu."
Pali kukana ku Congress. Koma zambiri zidzadalira, monga pazinthu zonse Trump, pa chisankho chapakati pa mwezi wa November komanso ngati ambiri a Republican ku Congress asinthidwa.
Titha kukhala otanganidwa ndi nkhondo zam'mlengalenga ndi zaka makumi angapo zamakanema ndi mapulogalamu a pa TV okhudzana ndi nkhondo zakuthambo - kuyambira Flash Gordon mpaka. Star ulendo-koma nkhondo yowombera mfuti yophatikiza zida za nyukiliya zamlengalenga sizingakhale kanema kapena pulogalamu yapa TV. Likadakhala tsoka lomwe silinachitikepo lomwe, kupitilira chiwonongeko chanthawi yomweyo ndi kufa kwakukulu, pangakhale zinyalala zambirimbiri zowulutsa pa Dziko Lapansi kwazaka mazana ambiri komanso malo omwe ali pamwamba pamitu yathu atadzaza ndi zinyalala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuwuka ndikutulukira. danga.
M'mawu ake oyamba ku bukhu langa la 2001 Zida mu Space, Dr. Michio Kaku, katswiri wa physics ndi pulofesa wodziลตika padziko lonse pa City University of New York, analemba kuti: โKugwiritsira ntchito zida za mโmlengalenga kumaika chiwopsezo chenicheni ku chisungiko cha aliyense padziko lapansi. Izi sizidzangowononga mabiliyoni mazana a madola a okhometsa msonkho, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pa maphunziro, thanzi, nyumba, ndi ubwino wa anthu, zidzapititsa patsogolo mpikisano watsopano wa zida zankhondo mumlengalenga, ndi mayiko ena akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti alowe mu US. Pulogalamu ya Star Wars, kapena kudzipangira okha. Mpikisano watsopano wa zida zankhondo ukhoza kuyambaโฆ.Nthawi yoletsa misala imeneyi, tsopano ndi pamene Star Wars ndi mapulogalamu ogwirizana nawo akadali akhanda."
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