"Mtsogoleri aliyense wa Chiarabu akuyang'ana Tunisia mwamantha. Nzika iliyonse ya Chiarabu ikuyang'ana Tunisia ndi chiyembekezo ndi mgwirizano."
- Kuchokera ku Sidibouzid Twitter feed
Chaka chatha, pamene mwana wamkazi wa mnzanga wa ku koleji anapatsidwa mwayi wophunzira chinenero cha Chiarabu ku Tunisia mโchilimwe, ndinayenera kuvomereza kuti chidziลตitso changa cha dziko la kumpoto kwa Africa chinali chochepa. Zomwe ndidakhala nazo zinali za dziko lokhazikika, losakhazikika pazandale, lodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha magombe ake okongola a Mediterranean ndi makampani oyendera alendo kuposa boma lake lopondereza.
Zoonadi, Purezidenti Zine El Abidine Ben Ali adakondwera ndi chithunzi chopangidwa mosamala kumadzulo monga wolamulira wotsogolera, ngakhale kuti akatswiri a ndale angafotokoze kuti ndi "zoperewera za demokalase." Iye anali wamakono yemwe ankalimbikitsa ufulu wa amayi ndipo sankakonda zotsutsa zachisilamu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, Ben Ali adalola kuti zipani zotsutsa zofooka zochepa zizikhala pamipando yanyumba yamalamulo.
Inde, nthawi zonse padali funso lovutitsali: Kodi ndi demokalase yamtundu wanji pomwe pulezidenti amalandila 90 peresenti ya mavoti pamasankho? Izi mwina zidapangitsa Ben Ali kukhala m'modzi mwa atsogoleri odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka 23 zapitazi, kapena munthu wina wamphamvu wopondereza yemwe chifundo chake kwa mabungwe aboma chimangowonetsa kulephera kwa womaliza kutsutsa ulamuliro wake wankhanza.
Zonsezo ndi mbiriyakale tsopano. Pokhala ndi kulimba mtima komanso mgwirizano womwe ukukulirakulira, anthu aku Tunisia mwa masauzande ambiri adalowa m'misewu mobwerezabwereza mwezi watha, osasunthika kufotokoza chikhumbo chawo chofuna ntchito, ufulu wademokalase, komanso kutha kwa ziphuphu ndi mwayi wamagulu. Mโboma munatuluka mabodza abodza amene anthu sanakhulupirirenso, limodzinso ndi ziwopsezo zapoyera zimene amakhulupiriraโapolisi obera padenga la nyumba, kupha anthu awo mwankhanza.
Kupuma Komaliza kuchokera Kunyumba Yowola
Tsiku lomaliza la ulamuliro wa Ben Ali lidachitika mwachangu kwambiri. M'mawa udayamba ndi anthu pafupifupi 200 omwe akuwonetsa kunja kwa nyumba ya Unduna wa Zam'kati m'chigawo chapakati cha Tunis, atero a Youssef Gaigi, womenyera ufulu waku Tunisia komanso wolemba mabulogu pa zokambirana pa foni tsiku lomwelo. AlJazeera.1 Pamene uthenga unafalikira mofulumira mumzinda wa khamu lamtendere lomwe linasonkhana kutsogolo kwa utumiki, zipata za kusefukira zinatseguka. Kuchokera kudera la Tunis anthu masauzande ambiri adayamba kufika panyumba ya unduna, kufuna kuti Purezidenti atule pansi udindo.
Kunena zoona, zolankhula za Purezidenti pawailesi yakanema usiku watha zidalonjeza kutha kwa kuwunika kwazama media komanso kusintha kwa demokalase. Ngakhale kuti mawu otere akadasewera bwino pazofalitsa zapadziko lonse lapansi, kunyumba sikunagwirenso ntchito. "Purezidenti adangobwereza zomwe adalankhula mu 1987 pomwe adalumbirira," adatero Gaigi. Al Jazeera. "'Tidzakhala dziko lademokalase, tidzakupatsani ufulu,' koma tikudziwa kuti sizowona mtima."
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, kuyesayesa komaliza kwa Ben Ali kuti akhalebe pampando kumaphatikizapo lonjezo loti apolisi athetse kuwombera zida zamoyo kwa owonetsa. Koma monga Gaigi ndi ena adanenera, aliyense adadziwa kuti mfuti zikanamvekabe usiku wonse ku Tunis. Madzulo a tsikulo pamene zinaonekeratu kuti khamu la anthu 40,000 silibalalika mpaka litapeza zomwe likufuna - kusiya ntchito kwa purezidenti, asilikali achitetezo adalowa ndi utsi wokhetsa misozi ndi zibonga.
Komabe, mโmalo mobwezeretsa bata, mkangano umene unatsatirapo unangowonjezera chimene chinali chitayamba kukhala chosapeลตekaโkuchotsedwa kwa Ben Ali. Patangotha โโmaola ochepa atolankhani aboma adalengeza za kuchotsedwa kwa boma, kutsatiridwa posakhalitsa ndi chilengezo chodabwitsa chakuti Purezidenti wathawa mdzikolo. Moyenerera, wolamulira wankhanza wakaleyo anali paulendo wopita ku malo otetezeka a ulamuliro wankhanza wa Saudi.
Purezidenti wanthawi yayitali a Fouad Mebazza, sipikala wa nyumba yamalamulo, adalengeza za boma latsopano la mgwirizano wa "umodzi" kuti liphatikizepo atsogoleri otsutsa, pomwe chisankho chatsopano chapulezidenti chalonjeza mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Zipani zotsutsa zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zikuyimilira mu Chamber of Deputies ndi monga Social Democratic Movement, Popular Unity Party, Union of Democratic Unionists, Liberal Social Party, ndi Green Party.
Pakadali pano, misewu ya Tunis imakhalabe yovuta. Gulu lachitetezo la pulezidenti wankhanza lomwe lili ndi amuna 1,000 okhala ndi zida akuwoneka kuti ndi omwe amayambitsa ziwawa zambiri za m'misewu, malinga ndi malipoti ambiri, kuwombera nyumba ndi anthu kuchokera m'magalimoto osadziwika ndi zigawenga zomwe zidayambitsa chipwirikiti. Lamlungu mkangano wowomberana pakati pa apolisi ndi asirikali adanenedwa pafupi ndi nyumba ya pulezidenti ku Carthage. Makamaka, General Ali Seryati, wamkulu wakale wa chitetezo komanso mlangizi wamkulu wa Ben Ali, adamangidwa kumapeto kwa sabata atamangidwa ndi anthu wamba.
Ndi Chiyani Chotsatira kwa People's Power?
Poyankha kubweza ngongole kwa anthu ophedwa ndi boma, ndinafunsa Gaigi zomwe anthu a m'maderawa ankachita kuti adziteteze. "Kutsekereza misewu pambuyo pa nthawi yofikira kunyumba," adatero mu imelo Lamlungu kuchokera ku Tunis. โAchinyamata onse akusonkhana kuti agone limodzi usiku wonse kuonetsetsa kuti palibe amene adutse pokhapokha atamudziwa munthuyo, munthuyo sakukayika, kapena ndi wankhondo, ngakhale apolisi amakumana ndi vuto podutsa mโzipinda zotchinga chifukwa iwo ndi mbali ya vuto. .Anthuwo amawalola kuwoloka ngati akuwadziwa, ndipo ngati sakuwoneka okayikitsa, akanawasokoneza ndi kuwapereka kwa asilikali ankhondowo akugwirizana kwambiri ndi anthu a mโmadera osiyanasiyana kuti agwire magulu ankhondo [achitetezo]. "2
Kufotokozera koteroko kukuwonetsa vuto lalikulu lomwe likukumana ndi Jasmine Revolt waku Tunisia, monga momwe akufotokozedwera. "Mphamvu za anthu" zomwe zidagwetsa nyumba yovunda yaulamuliro wankhanza ndi crony capitalism ya Ben Ali ikuyimira nthaka yachonde ku Tunisia yatsopano, yademokalase. Koma kuti masomphenyawa achite bwino adzafunika kuyesetsa kukonza ndikusonkhanitsa anthu wamba aku Tunisia kuti ateteze mphamvu zawo, ufulu wa demokalase komanso chilungamo chachuma.
Pamene fumbi likung'ambika tsopano kuchokera ku zipolowe zoyamba zamakono zochotsa wolamulira wankhanza wa Chiarabu, mphamvu ndi zofooka za kuwukira kwa anthu zikuwululidwa. Kwakukulukulu kuwukira kwa dziko la Tunisia kunali kochitika mwachisawawa, kumayenda bwino pazokha. Mโchenicheni, panalibe mabungwe andale amene analipo okhala ndi chisonkhezero chokwanira chododometsa, kaamba ka kulolerana kwina konyansa, kukwera kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu ya anthu.
Mwachidule, General Union of Tunisia Workers (UGTT), bungwe lokhalo lovomerezeka lazamalonda m'dzikolo komanso wothandizira boma kwa nthawi yayitali, adapandukira pulezidenti m'masiku omwe atsala pang'ono kugwa. Mโmadera osiyanasiyana mโdziko muno akuti mabungwe amโderali ndiwo adatenga nawo mbali pamisonkhanoyi. Kodi UGTT yomwe idawonongeka tsopano ingakhale ngati gulu lolimbikitsira anthu atsopano, okhazikika poteteza zofuna za anthu wamba zaku Tunisia? Kapena, kodi mabungwe atsopano adzatuluka kuchokera ku zovuta za anthu omwe tsopano adzutsidwa?
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ziwonetsero zatsopano za mumsewu wa Tunis zikuchitika kale, zomwe zimafuna kuti boma latsopano lichotse onse oimira ulamuliro wakale. Pakadali pano, maunduna a chitetezo, amkati, ndi akunja akadali m'manja mwa mamembala a chipani cha Ben Ali cha Constitutional Democratic Rally. Zatsala kuti ziwone momwe zovutazi zidzathere.
Pamapeto pake, anthu a ku Tunisia aphunzitsa dziko lonse lapansi kuti kulira kwa chilungamo kuli kwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa akasinja ndi ozunza maboma ankhanza. Zoonadi, ndani akanaganiza mwezi wapitawo kuti zomwe Mohammed Bouazizi anachita podziwotcha moto pamapeto pake zidzapsereza mtundu wonse?
Imeneyi ndi mphamvu ya anthu amene sachita mantha.
***
Mark T. Harris walembera Utne, Dissent, Z, ndi magazini ena. Ndiwothandizira nawo ku "The Flexible Writer," kope lachinayi, lolemba Susanna Rich (Allyn & Bacon/Longman, 2003). Webusayiti: www.Mark-T-Harris.com.
Mawu a M'munsi
1. "Tunisia: Ziwonetsero Zikupitiriza." AlJazeera English, Jan. 14, 2011. http://www.youtube.com/user/AlJazeeraEnglish#p/search/29/BPyvrWblA0I
2. Tomboktoo blog, Youssef Gaigi. http://tomboktoo.wordpress.com.
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