Gwero: Maloto Wamba
Kwa zaka makumi awiri, zigawenga zamapiko akumanja ku Miami ndi Washington akhala akunenera zabodza boma la Venezuela, ndikuliimba mlandu wogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kusunga zigawenga. popanda kupereka ngakhale umboni wochepa. Potsirizira pake adapeza zofuna zawo Lachinayi, pamene Dipatimenti Yachilungamo ku United States inavumbulutsa mlandu wotsutsa Purezidenti Nicolás Maduro ndi ena 13 omwe alipo kapena omwe kale anali m'boma ndi asilikali a Venezuela. Kuphatikiza pa milandu, Attorney General William Barr adapereka mphotho ya $ 15 miliyoni pazadziwitso zomwe zingapangitse Maduro kumangidwa kapena kuweruzidwa, komanso mphotho ya $ 10 miliyoni kwa Diosdado Cabello (pulezidenti wa National Constituent Assembly ku Venezuela), Tarek El Aissami (wachiwiri kwa purezidenti). za chuma), Hugo Carvajal (mtsogoleri wakale wa intelligence ya asilikali) ndi Cliver Alcalá (mkulu wopuma pantchito).
Mlanduwo wabwerera kale. Patatha maola angapo chilengezochi, Alcalá adayika makanema pa intaneti omwe akuwopseza kuti ayambitsanso kupatukana kwa otsutsa ndipo zitha kuchititsa kuti Juan Guaidó amangidwe. Komabe, tisanafotokoze mwatsatanetsatane m'pofunika kumvetsa mmene kukondera pazandale milandu ndi Maduro et al.
Zowona, milanduyo ilibe kanthu kochita ndi malonda a mankhwala; ndiye kukwera kwaposachedwa muulamuliro wa Trump "pazipita kuthamanga March.” Chodzineneracho ndi chiwembu chomwe boma la Venezuela likunena kuti liwononge United States ndi "penapake pakati pa 200-250 metric matani a cocaine.” Ngakhale kuti chiwerengerocho chikhoza kuwoneka chokwera, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa nkhaniyo. United States ndiye wogula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa cocaine ndi Colombia wopanga wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi. Kumbali ina, Venezuela salima coca, sichitulutsa kokeni ndipo, malinga ndi ziwerengero za boma la US lomwe, zosakwana 10% za magalimoto obwera padziko lonse lapansi a cocaine kudutsa mdziko muno.
Poyerekeza, mabungwe aku US omwe adapatsa Barr chiwerengero cha "matani 200-250" akunenanso kuti pafupifupi matani 2,400 a cocaine adadutsa ku Colombia pakati pa 2016 ndi 2019 (Venezuela pafupifupi matani 216 - kuchepera kakhumi - mu nthawi yomweyo). Purezidenti wakale wa Colombia, Ivan Duque, ndi mnzake wapamtima wa Purezidenti wakale wa dzikolo Alvaro Uribe zakhala zikugwirizana ndi kuzembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pafupifupi chaka chapitacho, Purezidenti Trump adadandaula kuti "mankhwala ambiri akutuluka ku Colombia pompano kuposa kale” Duque anali pulezidenti, komabe US ikupitiriza kupereka mamiliyoni a thandizo lachitetezo ku Colombia monga gawo la nkhondo yake yolephera pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
US kawiri muyezo za narco-states sikuli ku Colombia kokha. Purezidenti waku Honduras wothandizidwa ndi US, Juan Orlando Hernández, adalumikizidwa ndi kuzembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'bwalo lamilandu la US, komabe nkhaniyi sinavomereze kulengeza kwakukulu kwa DOJ, mwina chifukwa Hernández ndi mnzake waku US. Wothandizira wina waku US, Guatemala, anali nawo kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kamodzi kokani amadutsa m'dera lake ngati Venezuela.
Zotsutsazi ndi njerwa ina pamaziko opangira zisankho zakuukira kwachindunji kwa asitikali aku US kapena nkhondo yoyeserera pogwiritsa ntchito asitikali aku Colombia. Pali zofananira zodziwikiratu ndi 1989, pomwe US idapereka ndalama zokwana $ 1 miliyoni kwa Purezidenti waku Panama Manuel Noriega, kuti alande dzikolo. kupha anthu pafupifupi 4,000. Mphotho zomwe US ikupereka kwa Maduro ndi ena anayi akuvutitsanso, monga achitira adafaniziridwa kale ndi mphatso. Maduro adapulumuka kale kupha munthu kamodzi (mu Ogasiti 2018 pomwe ma drones odzaza ndi zophulika adaphulitsidwa nthawi yake isanakwane), ndipo mphotho zake zitha kutanthauziridwa ngati, osachepera, khadi la "kutuluka m'ndende" ngati wina apambana kumupha. Kumbali ina, mphotho zimatsimikizira zomwe boma la Venezuela lakhala likunena nthawi yonseyi: US ikupereka madola mamiliyoni ambiri kuti anthu ayambitse utsogoleri wa dzikoli.
Komabe olamulira a Trump akuwoneka kuti adalakwitsa kwambiri pophatikiza a General Alcalá omwe adapuma pantchito pamilandu. Mmodzi wakale wa pulezidenti wakale Hugo Chávez, Alcalá adalowa nawo chitsutso ku 2015 ndipo wakhala akugwirizana ndi ziwembu zosiyanasiyana zachigawenga komanso zigawenga zomwe zinakonzedwa kuyambira 2016. Iye ndi wamkulu kwambiri yemwe anali msilikali wakale kuti atembenukire Maduro ndipo amaonedwa kuti ndi "mtsogoleri wa asitikali a pro-Guaidó.” Alcalá tsopano akufunidwa ndi United States ndi Venezuela.
Alcalá akukhudzidwa ndi chiwembu chaposachedwa choukira boma la Maduro. Pa Marichi 24, akuluakulu aku Colombia adagwira galimoto yodzaza zida ndi zida zankhondo, kuphatikiza mfuti 26, ndalama zokwana madola 500,000. Anzeru aku Venezuela adalumikiza zidazo ndi misasa itatu ku Colombia komwe magulu ankhondo a Othawa aku Venezuela ndi ma mercenaries aku US akuphunzitsidwa kuchita zigawenga motsutsana ndi Venezuela. Malinga ndi Minister of Communications ku Venezuela a Jorge Rodríguez, maguluwa akukonzekera kutenga mwayi pa mliri wa COVID-19 kuti aukire magulu ankhondo ndikuponya mabomba. Adalumikizanso magulu ku Alcalá.
Zotsutsa izi zidakhala zolondola, monga Alcalá, muvidiyo yomwe adayika pa intaneti patatha maola angapo atatsutsidwa, adavomereza kuti zidazo zinali pansi pa ulamuliro wake. Anavomerezanso kuti zida zinagulidwa ndi ndalama zomwe Juan Guaidó adampatsa, omwe akuti adasaina nawo contract. Kuphatikiza apo, Alcala adanena kuti ntchitoyi idakonzedwa ndi alangizi aku US, omwe akuyenera kuti adakumana nawo kasanu ndi kawiri. Aclalá adanenanso kuti Leopoldo López, woyambitsa chipani cha Guaidó Voluntad Popular yemwe adachokera ku ukaidi wapanyumba pa nthawi ya Guaidó. April 30 anayesa kuwukira, ankadziwa bwino za chiwembu cha uchigawengacho.
Chifukwa cha makanemawa, Attorney General waku Venezuela watero adatsegula kafukufuku wa Juan Guaidó chifukwa chofuna kulanda boma. Ngakhale a Guaidó adadzilengeza yekha ngati purezidenti mu Januware 2019, kuyesa kuwukira mu Epulo 2019, kuyitanitsa mobwerezabwereza kuti alandire zilango komanso kuwukira asitikali, akuluakulu aku Venezuela adakana kumutsutsa. Zotsutsa zaku US zikuwoneka kuti zapangitsa kuti boma la Venezuela lipereke yankho lamphamvu kwambiri pakuwukira kwa a Trump ndi Guaidó.
Zachidziwikire, ngati olamulira a Trump analidi ofunitsitsa kuthana ndi zigawenga, katangale komanso kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, munthu woyamba waku Venezuela yemwe ayenera kuyang'ana ayenera kukhala Juan Guaidó. Ndipotu iye anali anajambulidwa ndi mamembala agulu lodziwika bwino la mankhwala osokoneza bongo la Los Rastrojos, omwe akuti adamuthandiza kuwolokera ku Colombia posinthana ndi kunyalanyaza kukula kwa cartel kuchokera ku Colombia kupita kumadzulo kwa Venezuela. Gulu la Guaidó ku Colombia adabera ndalama zothandizira anthu ndipo tsopano iye wakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi chiwembu chauchigawenga, chomwe mwina chinagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe adapatsidwa ndi United States (popeza ndiye gwero lake lokhalo lothandizira ndalama).
Mauthenga okhudza momwe Guaidó amawonongera ndalama za US kugula zida komanso zomwe akuti akuchita nawo chiwembu china chankhanza zikukakamiza zipani zotsutsa komanso zipani zomwe zanena kuti zikufuna kutenga nawo gawo pazisankho zamalamulo chaka chino koma sanaziperekebe pazokambirana. Kutatsala tsiku limodzi kuti milandu yaku US iwululidwe, Purezidenti Maduro adayitana angapo mwa atsogoleriwa kuti alowe nawo pazokambirana mu Apostolic Nuncio (ofesi ya kazembe wa Vatican ku Caracas) ndicholinga choyesa kupeza mgwirizano pazayankhidwe la dziko ku COVID-19. Tsopano akukumana ndi chisankho chovuta cha ovota aku Venezuela okwiyitsa (83% mwa omwe amakana njira yankhondo) popitiliza kuthandizira ziwawa za Guaidó kapena kukwiyitsa dziko la United States pogwira ntchito ndi akuluakulu aboma omwe akuimbidwa mlandu.
Boma la Trump lakhala likusokoneza njira zothetsera mavuto aku Venezuela kwa zaka ziwiri, kuphatikiza mu February 2018, pomwe lidawopseza kuletsa mafuta ndikuthandizira kulanda boma panthawi yokambirana pakati pa boma ndi otsutsa ku Dominican Republic, komanso mu Ogasiti 2019. , pamene adaika chiletso chonse panthawi yoyesera kukambirana. Milandu yatsopanoyi, yomwe ngakhale New York Times idafotokoza kuti "zachilendo kwambiri", zikuwoneka kuti zatsala pang'ono kusokoneza zokambirana, monga kumayambiriro kwa sabata mamembala otsutsa pang'onopang'ono, kuphatikizapo Purezidenti wa National Assembly Luis Parra, adalimbikitsa posachedwapa. US kuti ichotse zilango chifukwa cha mliri wa coronavirus.
Cholakwika chinanso ndi zotsutsa ndikuti olamulira a Trump akutumiza mauthenga otsutsana. Kumbali ina, atha zaka zitatu akulimbikitsa akuluakulu aboma ndi asitikali aku Venezuela kuti achite zolakwika, ndikulonjeza kuti adzagwira ntchito mwandale boma likadzayamba kulamulira. Kumbali inayi, adatsutsa msilikali wodziwika kwambiri yemwe adachoka, Cliver Alcalá, pamilandu yayikulu yauchigawenga.
Mkwiyo wa milandu poyesa kuyika Venezuela ngati boma la narco, kusowa kuwoneratu zomwe zingachitike, kuyesa kuwononga zokambirana komanso kutumizirana mauthenga osakanikirana ndizizindikiro kuti olamulira a Trump akufunitsitsa kuwonetsetsa kuti boma lawo likusintha likuwonetsa zotsatira. . Ozunzidwa ndi ndondomekoyi ndi anthu aku Venezuela, omwe angakhale bwino kwambiri ndi ndondomeko yochepetsera, kukambirana ndi kuchotsa zilango zakupha.
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