'Nditalemba kope loyamba la Ma ABC a Political Economy mu 2002 "kuthamangira" kutsimikizira kuti:
Ndinachenjeza za zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pakumasula dongosolo lazachuma. Koma kodi alipo amene anamvetsera? Ayi. Ndipo ndithudi dziko lapansi linavutika kwambiri ndi mavuto azachuma m'mibadwo isanu pambuyo pake.
Ndidafotokoza chifukwa chomwe kulimbikira pazachuma komanso kutsika kwandalama posinthana ndi ngongole za IMF zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zasokonekera zidangowonjezera mavuto awo. Kungopangitsa European Commission ndi European Central Bank kukakamiza kwambiri Portugal, Ireland, Greece, ndi Spain - a PIGS odziwika bwino - kupangitsa chuma chakumwera kwa Europe kulowa m'mavuto, ndikuyika Eurozone yonse mowirikiza kawiri. kuchepa kwachuma, kuyandikira kutsikanso.
Ndidafotokoza chifukwa chake kuyankha kwanzeru pakukula kwachuma ndi ndondomeko yazachuma yowonjezera. Kungowona olamulira a Obama akusintha nkhaniyi kuchoka pakulimbikitsa ndalama kupita ku kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa ndalama m'nyengo yozizira ya 2010, kupha chiyembekezo chilichonse choti achira msanga ku US.
"Chitsanzo cha chimanga" chosavuta mu chaputala 3 chinalongosola momveka bwino chifukwa chake kuwonjezeka kwa kusalinganika ndiko zotsatira zodziwikiratu ngati malipiro a malipiro m'misika ya anthu ogwira ntchito, ndi chiwongoladzanja m'misika ya ngongole, amatsimikiziridwa ndi malamulo a zopereka ndi zofuna. Kungowona pakati kumanzere komanso maboma akumanja kwapakati pazachuma chilichonse chotsogola kukakamiza kumasuka kwazachuma komanso "kusinthika" pamsika wantchito.
Ndinapanga “masewera abwino a anthu onse” osavuta kuti afotokoze chifukwa chomwe ochita sewero angalephere kupereka modzipereka mokwanira popereka zabwino kwa anthu. Koma kodi alipo amene anagwiritsapo ntchito mfundo imeneyi pa zokambirana zapadziko lonse za nyengo kuti atsimikize kuti kuchepetsa mpweya wotenthetsera dziko modzifunira sikungakhale kosakwanira, ndipo povomerezana kuti, kuchepetsa mokakamiza kungathe kulepheretsa kusintha kwa nyengo kosavomerezeka? Ayi. M'malo mwake ku Copenhagen mu 2009 olamulira a Obama adasokoneza njira zochepetsera zomwe zidachitika mu protocol ya Kyoto, ndikukhazikitsa zokambirana zapadziko lonse lapansi zaka makumi awiri zapitazo pomwe asayansi amatiuza kuti "vuto lanyengo" linali lovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe amakhulupilira kale. .
Mwachidule, kulemba kope latsopano la Ma ABC a Political Economy mu 2014 sizinali zovuta kwambiri chifukwa chiphunzitso ndi zitsanzo mu kope la 2002 zinali ndendende zomwe munthu ankafunika kudziwa chifukwa chake chuma chathu chikukhala chosakhazikika komanso chopanda chilungamo, komanso chifukwa chomwe maboma akuchulukirachulukira m'malo mowongolera mavuto.
Koma mwatsoka kuthamangira kwanga kotsimikizirika monga wolemba kunali kwaufupi, ndipo posakhalitsa kunasinthidwa ndi kukhumudwa, kutsatiridwa ndi mkwiyo, kutsatiridwa ndi kutaya mtima. Chuma choyipa chinapitilira kupanga ngozi zatsopano zomwe zikudikirira kuti zichitike. Zachuma zoipa zinayankha pamavuto ndi ndondomeko zopanda phindu. Zachuma zoipa sizikuwopseza thanzi la anthu ambiri, komanso thanzi la dziko lapansi. Pamene chiwembucho chinkakulirakulirabe “ndinakuuzani chomwecho” kuthamangira kotsimikizira sikunamve bwino kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mu 2014 vuto si kusowa kwachuma chabwino cholowa m'malo mwachuma choyipa. Ndine wokondwa kuti ndakwanitsa kusindikiza kope lachiwiri la Ma ABC zomwe zimagwira ntchito "zachuma zabwino" kuti timvetsetse zovuta zazikulu zachuma zomwe zatigwera pazaka khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazi. Koma moona mtima sindikhulupirira kuti kulemba "zachuma zabwino" ndikomwe kungasinthe zinthu. Zoonadi pali anthu ambiri omwe amakhalabe osokonezeka; ambiri omwe amakhulupirirabe nthano zonenedwa ndi akatswiri azachuma, ofalitsa nkhani, ndi andale m'zipani zandale; anthu ambiri amene amavota mosiyana ndi zofuna zawo komanso zofuna za anthu onse. Chisokonezo pakati pa anthu wamba chimakhalabe gawo la vuto chifukwa chuma choyipa chikupitilira kukhala ndi megaphone yayikulu komanso yokweza kuposa zachuma zabwino. Chotero padakali “ntchito yochuluka ya maphunziro” yoti ichitidwe. Koma mfundo zimene tikupeza n’zoipa kwambiri kuposa zimene tikanakhala nazo ngati anthu ambiri atakhala ndi maganizo olakwika.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuthandizira kolimba kwa mfundo zomwe zimachepetsa ulova, mfundo zomwe zimayika gawo lazachuma ku malamulo oyenera, ndondomeko zomwe zingapangitse kuti olemera azilipira misonkho yambiri, ndondomeko zomwe zimachepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kulimbikitsa kupanga mphamvu zowonjezereka komanso kusunga mphamvu. Vuto ndilakuti ngakhale chuma choyipa chawonongeka mzaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazi, ndipo ngakhale tili ndi "malingaliro ndi mitima" yonse yomwe tapambana, palibe paliponse m'zachuma zapamwamba zomwe zipani zandale ndi maboma akusiya chuma cholephera kuchita. chuma chabwino m'malo mwake. Palibe pomwe pali alangizi azachuma omwe adanena kuti palibe chodetsa nkhawa, ndipo omwe adakhalapo kawiri ndi upangiri womwe udangopangitsa kuti zinthu ziipireipire, kuthamangitsidwa mwachidule ndikusinthidwa ndi akatswiri azachuma omwe ali ndi mbiri yowoneratu mavuto ndikuwongolera mayankho omwe amagwira ntchito.
N'chifukwa chiyani chuma choyipa chomwecho chikulamulirabe? Kodi nchifukwa ninji akatswiri azachuma amene zolosera zawo zinatsimikizirika kukhala zolakwa amakwezedwa pa maudindo apamwamba koposa pamene akatswiri azachuma otsimikiziridwa ndi zochitikazo amakanidwa? Osandilakwitsa, sindikunena za ine ndekha. Ngakhale ndikunyadira mbiri yanga yochenjeza za mavuto omwe angakhalepo, ndikulosera zomwe ndondomeko zingagwire ntchito, ndi ndondomeko zomwe sizikanatheka, ndimadziwika bwino kuti ndi katswiri wa zachuma yemwe kale adapempha anthu kuti asiye chuma cha mpikisano ndi umbombo palimodzi, ndipo kuvomereza dongosolo lazachuma losiyana kotheratu lozikidwa pa mgwirizano wofanana. Ndimadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yanga yothandiza anthu kukhala ndi njira ina yosinthira capitalism muchikhalidwe chasosholisti chaufulu, chomwe chimapitilira mawu omveka bwino komanso zomveka bwino. Chifukwa chake sindikufunsa chifukwa chomwe ine, pandekha, sindinafunsidwe kuti ndithetse vuto lazachuma lomwe lasokoneza ndondomeko zazachuma zomwe zapangidwa kuchokera ku capitalism yazaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. Ndikufunsa chifukwa chomwe olandira mphotho za Nobel monga Paul Krugman ndi Joseph Stiglitz, omwe sayang'ana kupyola chikapitalism koma omwe atsimikiziridwa mobwerezabwereza ponena za zomwe zipangitsa kuti zinthu ziipireipire komanso zomwe zidzawongolere zotulukapo, amasiyidwa atakhala pambali. ; pomwe anthu ngati Laurence Summers ndi Stanley Fisher, omwe atsimikiziridwa kuti ndi olakwika nthawi iliyonse, amangosinthidwa kukhala maudindo opanga mfundo.
Zinatenga nthawi kuti yankho liwonekere. Kwa zaka zingapo zinkawoneka kuti chisokonezo chodziwika bwino, kusadziwa kwa ndale, ndi kutayika kwa kukumbukira mbiri yakale ya mavuto aakulu a zachuma ndi kupsinjika maganizo, kunali kufotokoza komveka. Koma pamene chuma choyipa chinkapitirirabe pang’onopang’ono zinaonekeratu kuti chuma choipa sichili choipa kwa aliyense. Zachuma zoyipa za neoliberal sizoyipa kwa mabanki aku Wall Street omwe khalidwe lawo losasamala, ladyera lomwe lidayambitsa mavutowo. Zachuma zoyipa za neoliberal sizoyipa kwa 1% apamwamba omwe akupitilizabe kuwona chuma chawo ndi ndalama zawo zikukwera pomwe ndalama zomwe amapeza komanso chiyembekezo chachuma chikuchepa kwa tonsefe. Kunyalanyaza kufunikira kochita mwaukali, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi pakusintha kwanyengo sikuli koyipa kwa makampani opangira mafuta oyaka kale omwe akhala akuwongolera kwanthawi yayitali malamulo amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Mwachidule, zomwe pamapeto pake zidawonekera ndikuti neoliberal economics ndizovuta kwa anthu ambiri komanso thanzi ladziko lapansi; sikuli koyipa kwa anthu osankhika amphamvu omwe amatha kutsutsa mfundo zomwe zimawopseza zofuna zawo zazing'ono, ziribe kanthu momwe mfundozo zingakhale zofunika kwambiri pa ubwino wamba.
Ndipo apa ndi pamene zinthu zayima. Ngakhale kuti chuma chikuyenda bwino kwambiri m'mibadwo isanu, ngakhale kuti vuto la nyengo likuyandikira lomwe likuwopseza moyo monga momwe tikudziwira, ngakhale zisankho zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ambiri amathandizira "zachuma zabwino," ndale muzachuma zapamwamba zimakhalabe zongotsatira zofuna za anthu osankhika amphamvu ngakhale pamene. izi zikusemphana ndi zofuna za anthu ambiri, ndipo zatiyika ife pa njira ya tsoka la mapulaneti.
Kutsimikizira… kukhumudwa… mkwiyo… kukhumudwa. Kumeneku si njira yokhutiritsa ya maganizo! Kodi palibe chiyembekezo?
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono pazaka theka zapitazi, anthu ambiri adatsutsana ndi kusamvera ndale. Maboma apakati-kumanja ndi kumanzere kwapakati, omwe ngakhale kuti anali ndi masitayelo osiyanasiyana olankhulira adalimbikira mopanda pake, adavoteredwa kuti asiye maudindo m'maiko angapo. "Zatsopano" kapena "zamtsogolo" zazachuma zidakula mu phulusa lachuma "chakale" pomwe zidatilepheretsa. Mayendedwe atsopano otchuka monga Uncut, Occupy, ndi los Indignados, okhala ndi malingaliro atsopano ndi nkhope zatsopano, adaphulika. Ndipo maphwando atsopano, odana ndi neoliberal monga Syriza ndi Podemos akutuluka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku malire.
Koma zolimbikitsa monga momwe zonsezi zakhalira, sizinali zokwanira kusintha ndondomeko. Sizinakhale zokwanira kutipangitsa ife kupita patsogolo. Ndipo mosiyana ndi zovuta zonse zam'mbuyomu za kupita patsogolo kwaumunthu komwe mtengo wakuchedwa nthawi zonse wakhala kuzunzika kwa anthu kuposa kufunikira, nthawi ino ngati sitipita patsogolo. kwambiri mofulumira kuposa momwe takhala tikukhalira posachedwapa tidzawononga dziko lapansi. Ngakhale Naomi Klein sakudziwa kwenikweni zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti ateteze kusintha kwa nyengo, akunena zoona pa chinthu chimodzi: Ntchito yomwe tili patsogolo ndikuphatikizira mabungwe ambiri achilungamo komanso zachilengedwe kukhala gulu lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi. chachikulu kuposa kuchuluka kwa zigawo zake, motero chidzakhala champhamvu mokwanira kukakamiza maboma okayikakayika kuti akhazikitse ndondomeko zomwe zili zofunika kuti ateteze kusintha kwanyengo kwangozi mwachilungamo nthawi isanathe.'
Robin Hahnel ndi Pulofesa Emeritus of Economics ku American University ku Washington DC. Iye ndi wolemba Chilungamo cha Economic ndi Demokalase (2005), Green Economics (2011) ndi Ya Anthu, Ndi Anthu: Mlandu Wa Chuma Chogwirizana(2012).
Kuyitanitsa kopi ya Ma ABC a Political Economy isanasindikizidwe pa 20th Novembala, pamtengo wapadera wa £ 12, komanso ndi zinthu za Pluto zomwe zidaponyedwamo, pitani patsamba la bukhuli.
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