Ndinali nditakhala pansi pa nyumba yakale ya konkire m'dera la Amman sabata ino, ndikuyika m'kamwa mwanga milu yayikulu ya nkhosa ndi mpunga wowiritsa woviikidwa mu batala wosungunuka. Amuna achikulire, a ndevu, ovala mikanjo ochokera ku Maan – mzinda wa Chisilamu komanso wosamvera kwambiri ku Jordan - anakhala mozungulira ine, akulowetsa manja awo mu nyama ndikuviika mpunga, kundilimbikitsa kuti ndidye kwambiri mulu waukuluwo mpaka ine. Ndinamva kukakamizidwa kunena kuti ife a Brits tinadya kwambiri ku Middle East zaka 100 zapitazo kotero kuti sitinalinso ndi njala. Kunali kung'ung'udza kwa mapemphero mpaka mkulu wina anayankha. "Anthu aku America atidya tsopano," adatero.
Kudzera pakhomo lotseguka, pomwe mvula idawomba pamiyala yoyalidwa, mphepo yamkuntho yakum'mawa idawomba kuchokera kummawa, kuchokera kuchipululu cha Jordanian ndi Iraq. Mwamuna aliyense mchipindamo adakhulupirira kuti Purezidenti Bush akufuna mafuta aku Iraq. Zowonadi, Mwarabu aliyense yemwe ndakumana naye m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo amakhulupirira kuti izi – ndipo izi zokha – zikufotokoza chidwi chake pakuukira Iraq. Aisrayeli ambiri amaganiza chimodzimodzi. Nditeronso. Ulamuliro waku America ukadzakhazikitsidwa ku Baghdad, makampani athu amafuta azitha kupeza migolo yamafuta 112 biliyoni. Pokhala ndi nkhokwe zosatsimikizirika, tingathe kulamulira pafupifupi kotala la nkhokwe zonse zapadziko lapansi. Ndipo nkhondo yomwe ikubwerayi si yokhudza mafuta?
Unduna wa Zamagetsi ku US udalengeza koyambirira kwa mwezi uno kuti pofika chaka cha 2025, mafuta aku US azitenga mwina 70 peresenti yazofunikira zonse zaku US. (Zinali 55 peresenti zaka ziwiri zapitazo.) Monga momwe Michael Renner wa Worldwatch Institute ananenera mlungu uno, “Mafuta a mafuta a ku United States akucheperachepera, ndipo madera ena ambiri omwe si a Opec ayamba kuuma. Zinthu zambiri zamtsogolo ziyenera kuchokera kudera la Gulf. ” Nzosadabwitsa kuti ndondomeko yonse ya mphamvu ya Bush ikuchokera pa kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya nkhokwe zamafuta zomwe zatsimikiziridwa padziko lonse lapansi zili ku Middle East. Ndipo nkhondo yomwe ikubwerayi si yokhudza mafuta?
Yang'anani pa ziwerengero za chiŵerengero cha malo osungira mafuta ndi kupanga mafuta – chiwerengero cha zaka zomwe nkhokwe za mafuta zidzatha pamtengo wopangira panopa – zolembedwa ndi Jeremy Rifkin mu Hydrogen Economy. Ku US, komwe mafuta opitilira 60 peresenti apangidwa kale, chiŵerengerocho ndi zaka 10 zokha, monga momwe zilili ku Norway. Ku Canada, ndi 8: 1. Ku Iran, ndi 53:1, ku Saudi Arabia 55:1, ku United Arab Emirates 75:1. Ku Kuwait, ndi 116:1. Koma ku Iraq, ndi 526: 1. Ndipo nkhondo yomwe ikubwerayi si yokhudza mafuta?
Ngakhale Donald Rumsfeld atagwirana chanza ndi Saddam Hussein mu 1983 - atangoyamba kumene kugwiritsa ntchito gasi motsutsana ndi adani ake - sizinawonetsere kuti mbuye wa Pentagon amasamala za ufulu waumunthu kapena milandu yotsutsana ndi anthu. , kumabwera kusanthula kwa Joost Hilterman pazomwe zinali kuchitika ku Pentagon kumapeto kwa 1980s.
Hilterman, yemwe akukonzekera buku lowononga kwambiri la US ndi Iraq, adakumba milu ya zikalata za boma la US - koma adazindikira kuti Saddam atapha anthu aku Iraq aku 6,800 aku Iraqi ku Halabja (ndiko kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa World Trade Center. wakufa pa 11 September 2001) Pentagon idayamba kuteteza Saddam poimba mlandu Iran chifukwa cha nkhanzazi.
Chikalata chatsopano cha State Department chikutsimikizira kuti lingaliroli lidalota ndi Pentagon – omwe nthawi yonseyi adathandizira Saddam - ndipo akuti akazembe aku US adalandira malangizo kuti akankhire zomwe Iran ili ndi mlandu, koma osakambirana zambiri. Palibe zambiri, ndithudi, chifukwa nkhaniyi inali bodza. Izi, kumbukirani, zinatsatira zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene US National Security Decision Decision Directive 114 – inatha mu 1983, chaka chomwecho pamene ulendo waubwenzi wa Rumsfeld ku Baghdad – unapereka chilango ku mabiliyoni a madola mu chitsimikizo cha ngongole ndi mbiri zina ku Baghdad. Ndipo nkhondo yomwe ikubwerayi ndi yokhudza ufulu wa anthu?
Kalelo mu 1997, m'zaka za utsogoleri wa Clinton, Rumsfeld, Dick Cheney ndi gulu la amuna ena opita kumanja - omwe anali nawo kwambiri mubizinesi yamafuta - adapanga Project for the New American Century, gulu lolandirira alendo lomwe likufuna. "kusintha kwa boma" ku Iraq. Mu kalata yomwe adalembera Purezidenti Clinton mu 1998, adapempha kuti Saddam achotsedwe pampando. M'kalata yopita kwa a Newt Gingrich, yemwe panthawiyo anali Mneneri wa Nyumbayo, adalemba kuti "tiyenera kukhazikitsa ndi kusunga gulu lankhondo la US lamphamvu mderali, ndikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyi kuteteza zofuna zathu [sic] m'derali. Gulf – ndipo, ngati n'koyenera, kuthandiza kuchotsa Saddam pa mphamvu".
Osayina kalata imodzi kapena onse awiri ndi Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz, wachiwiri kwa Rumsfeld's Pentagon, John Bolton, yemwe tsopano ndi mlembi wa boma wowongolera zida, ndi Richard Armitage, mlembi wa Colin Powell ku State Department - yemwe adayimba foni komaliza. Chaka kuti America itenge "ngongole yamagazi" ndi Hizbollah ya Lebanon. Adaphatikizanso Richard Perle, mlembi wakale wothandizira chitetezo, wapampando wa komiti yachitetezo cha chitetezo, ndi Zalmay Khalilzad, mlangizi wakale wamafuta a Unocal Corporation yemwe adakhala nthumwi yapadera yaku US ku Afghanistan - pomwe Unocal adayesa kuthetsa mgwirizano ndi a Taliban popanga bomba la gasi kudera la Afghanistan – ndipo yemwe tsopano, chozizwitsa cha zozizwitsa, wasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wapadera wa Bush ku – mumaganiza kuti – Iraq.
Osayinirawo adaphatikizanso bwenzi lathu lakale Elliott Abrams, m'modzi mwa oyimira Sharon wa akuluakulu aku US aku Israeli, omwe adapezeka kuti ndi wolakwa chifukwa chochita nawo chipongwe cha Iran-Contra. Abrams ndi amene anafanizira nduna yaikulu ya Israeli Ariel Sharon – yemwe anali "woyang'anira yekha" ndi bungwe la Israeli pa kupha anthu wamba 1,700 aku Palestine mu 1982 Sabra ndi kuphedwa kwa Chatila - (kudikirira) Winston Churchill. Kotero nkhondo yomwe ikubwerayi – masewero onse owomberana, pamodzi ndi kukhudzidwa kwa "zofuna zofunika" (ie mafuta) ku Gulf - inapangidwa zaka zisanu zapitazo, ndi amuna monga Cheney ndi Khalilzad omwe anali amuna opangira mafuta odzola. zala zala.
M'malo mwake, ndikudwala kwambiri kumva kuti Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ikukumbidwanso kuti ilungamitse gawo lina lakupha. Si kale kwambiri kuti Bush anali wokondwa kuwonetsedwa ngati Churchill atayimirira kuti akondweretse gulu lankhondo lomwe silinamenyedwe ku Iraq. M'malo mwake, njira yonse ya Bush ndi ulamuliro wonyansa komanso wa Stalinist waku Korea - zokambirana "zabwino kwambiri" zomwe akazembe aku US akulimbikira kuti akukhala nazo ndi Dear Leader's Korea yomwe ili ndi zida zowononga anthu ambiri - reeks of the mtundu woyipa kwambiri wa kusangalatsa kwa Chamberlain. Ngakhale Saddam ndi Bush akuyenerana, Saddam si Hitler. Ndipo Bush ndithudi si Churchill. Koma tsopano tikuuzidwa kuti oyang'anira a UN apeza chomwe chingakhale umboni wofunikira kuti apite kunkhondo: 11 zida zankhondo zopanda kanthu zomwe zitha kukhala zaka 20.
Dziko linayamba kumenya nkhondo zaka 88 zapitazo chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa kalonga wamkulu ku Sarajevo. Dziko linayamba kumenya nkhondo zaka 63 zapitazo chifukwa wolamulira wankhanza wa Nazi anaukira Poland. Koma pamutu 11 wopanda kanthu? Ndipatseni mafuta tsiku lililonse. Ngakhale achikulire amene anakhala mozungulira phwando la nkhosa ndi mpunga angavomereze zimenezo.
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