Iyi ndi njira ya makolo amene adapita kale. Za mapangano, maphunziro, chikhalidwe, ubale, thanzi. Za kukana ndi kuyambiranso. Iyinso ndi njira yamtsogolo.
Ndimalemba mawu awa ngati wokhazikika kudziko la Anishinaabeg ndi Mississauga, komwe zaka mazana ambiri amtundu wawo sanachitepo kanthu, osasiya, sanasiye kukumbukira komwe adachokera komanso omwe ali. Izi ndizofunikira kudziwa kuyambira pachiyambi.
Ndikofunikira chifukwa ndi utsamunda wa atsamunda womwe uli pamtima pamavuto omwe Osayandikira wadzuka kuti alankhule. Settler colonialism imadalira kulanda ndi kupanga nyumba za anthu okhala m'malo achibadwidwe komanso kuvomerezeka kwa omwe akukhala kudziko lomwe adakhazikika. Kuti utsamunda wa atsamunda ukhale wovomerezeka, Amwenye ayenera kuchotsedwa. Kuchotsa kumeneku kungakhale kwamalingaliro, monga momwe chiphunzitso cha atsamunda chinapululutsira 'Dziko Latsopano', kuganiza za Amwenye ngati malo ang'onoang'ono a anthu ndi Amwenye, pambuyo pake, anamwali, osakhalamo anthu, komanso opezeka kuti atengedwe. Kuchotsa kungakhale mwathupi; kuyerekeza kwa anthu amtundu waku Turtle Island (America) kumakhala anthu opitilira 50 miliyoni omwe, m'kanthawi kochepa, adachepetsedwa kufika mazana masauzande. Kuchotsa uku kungakhalenso chikhalidwe; Maphunziro a anthu okhala ku Canada ndi ku United States anali ozikidwa pa mfundo yakuti โIphani Mmwenye, Pulumutsani Munthu,โ mfundo imene inkafuna kuthetsa zikhalidwe, zilankhulo, ndi moyo wa anthu a komweko, zomwe zinkaonedwa kuti nโzankhanza komanso zankhanza.
Settler colonialism ikufuna kufufutidwa kwa Indigenous kuti athe kutenga malo a Indigenous, ndiye chophiphiritsa ndi chenicheni m'malo anthu amtundu wamtundu wokhala ndi okhazikika omwe amayesa kudzinenera kuti ndi awo. Ufulu sikungokhala za 'ndani analipo poyamba' - ngati kuti tonse ndife Amwenye kumalo ena - kapena kungokhala kwanthawi yayitali. Indigeneity imatsutsana kwambiri ndi ndondomeko ya mfumu. Ufulu ndi wokangana, wosokoneza komanso wopanduka. Koma ndi kuchiritsa ndi chikondi, kugwira ntchito kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso maubwenzi abwino pakati pa anthu, pakati pa madera, ndi nthaka, ndi iye mwini. Iyi ndi njira ya makolo.
Kodi Idle No More ndi chiyani?
Pamene Idle No More idaphulika ku Canada ndi North America, kuyambira mu Disembala, ambiri atolankhani sanachedwe kunena zofananira ndi gulu laposachedwa la Occupy, makamaka kufanana kwa momwe media ndi ma pundits akuluakulu sanadziwike bwino za 'zofuna' za gululi. zomwe iwo akuyembekezera kukwaniritsa. Kodi Idle No More ndi chiyani? Ngakhale mwambi wakuti 'udzu umene unathyola ngamira' unali njira zamphamvu za boma la Canada pokankhira Bill C-45, chigamulo cha omnibus chomwe chinawopseza kuthetsa chitetezo cha malo ndi madzi omwe anthu amtunduwu amadalira, komanso kuthetsa ena. Mwaufulu womaliza wamagulu Amwenye omwe adakhazikitsidwa m'malamulo aku Canada, pali zovuta zambiri komanso zovuta zomwe zidayambitsa gulu la Idle No More.
Sindingathe kuyankhula ndi zofuna zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa Idle No More; Ine sindiri wotsimikiza kuti aliyense angathe. Ndizochita ziwonetsero zakuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kwa nthaka ndi njira zamadzi, makamaka chifukwa cha kulimbikira kwa boma la Canada pakupanga mapaipi amafuta kuti azinyamula mafuta kuchokera kumchenga wa phula wa Alberta, akuwoneka kuti ndi ena mwa dziko lapansi.mafuta onyansa kwambiri'. Ndi za kulephera kwa anthu aku Canada kulemekeza ndi kusunga mapangano oyambilira omwe adasainidwa ndi mayiko odziyimira pawokha omwe ali m'malire awo. Ndi za ziwawa zomwe zikupitilira komanso kuwonongedwa kwa Amwenye, moyo wawo, mayiko, zilankhulo ndi zikhalidwe - nkhanza zomwe zimalola kuti azimayi masauzande ambiri aphedwe ndikusoweka popanda chipwirikiti mumtendere wa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zaku Canada. Ndi zolimbana ndi utsamunda womwe ukupitilirabe, womwe ukufuna kufafaniza Amwenye mwanjira iliyonse. Ndi za mbiri yakale ya kuponderezana, mbiri yakale ya ziwawa, ndi mbiri yakale ya kusala, kupanga osaoneka, ndi kufafaniza mwakuthupi Amwenye. Ndi za zinthu zonsezi ndi zina.
Kuyambiranso kwachilengedwe
Zimakhudzanso chikondi. Tanya Kappo, m'modzi mwa 'oyambitsa' a Idle No More, akukamba za momwe mapangano oyambilira omwe adasainidwa ndi mayiko amtundu wawo amakhudzira chikondi - chikhumbo choteteza ndikuwonetsetsa tsogolo lamtendere la mibadwo yotsatira. Ndi chikondi ichi - kwa madera, dziko, kudzikonda, komanso kwa omwe akubwera - zomwe zimapangitsa Idle Kusakhalapo kuposa gulu lotsutsa; Idle No More ndi za kuyambiranso kwawomweko. Katswiri wina wa maphunziro a mtundu wa Mohawk, dzina lake Taiaiake Alfred, anati: โKuyambiranso kumachita zinthu mopitirira malire. Izi ndi zomwe kutsutsa kumayembekezera nthawi zonse. โ[1]
Kuti tiyambe kumvetsetsa zovuta za Idle No More, tiyenera kuyamba ndi kukonda dziko ndi chikhalidwe, zinthu ziwiri zomwe mu Epistemologies Zachikhalidwe sizingalekanitsidwe. Chikondi chimakhudza maubwenzi, omwe ndi maziko a zochita za mbadwa. Utsamunda wasokoneza kwambiri maubwenzi a anthu wamba pamagulu onse; wasiya mbiri yakale ya kulandidwa ndi kulekanitsidwa ndi mayiko ndi ziphunzitso za makolo awo. Pakufunika kubwezeretsa maubwenzi oyenererawa.
Izi zikutanthauza kuyambiranso kwa zikhalidwe, zilankhulo, maulamuliro, ndi mayiko. Izo zikutanthauza, kupyolera zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku zotsutsa ndi kuyambiranso, kukhala ndi maunansi aulemu ndi chikondi mโmalo mochita chiwawa. Uku sikulimbana kwa esoteric; monga WabKinew (Anishinaabe) limati, "Kutsutsa kwathu sikodziwika, izi ndi za njira zathu zamoyo, za kukhulupirika kwa Anishinaabe. Ngati dzikolo lisokonezedwa, kukhulupirika kwathu kumasokonekera.โ Kukana kwawoko, monga Idle No More, sikumangokhalira kusagwirizana ndi mfundo kapena kusiyana maganizo; pamene dziko likuwopsezedwa, kukhalapo kwa Amwenye kumakhala pachiwopsezo.
Kutsogolo
Kukhalapo kwawoko kumakhala kowopsa nthawi zonse, kumawopseza kuvumbulutsa maziko ovomerezeka omwe mayiko okhazikika adakhazikitsapo kukhalapo kwawo. Chikhulupiriro chakuti mayiko monga Canada adamangidwa pamwazi, thukuta ndi misozi ya anthu omwe adayendera, kukhazikika, ndikuweta malo omwe adakhalako, ndizopeka monga momwe zimapwetekera Amwenye. Chifukwa chakuti malo ndi mtima wa utsamunda wa atsamunda komanso kuthekera kwake kopeza chuma, zonena za Amwenye zokhala ndi malo zimadzetsa mantha. Posachedwapa, zinadziwika kuti boma la Canada likufufuza anthu omwe ali ndi zachilengedwe zachilengedwe monga zigawenga zapakhomo; ichi ndi chitsanzo kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi monga Amwenye omwe amadzinenera kuti ali ndi ufulu wa malo ndi omwe amatsutsa kuwonongedwa kwakukulu kwa malo a makolo awo amatchulidwa kuti ndi zigawenga komanso ziwopsezo zamkati, ngakhale pamene akukhala ndikukhala m'madera awo.
Yankho lachibadwidwe ku chitsamunda chopitilira chidzakhala njira ya makolo - kuyambiranso ndi kukana, monga momwe zakhalira kuyambira pamene maulamuliro a atsamunda adayamba kuponda pachilumba cha Turtle; ndi kuponderezedwa kumabwera yankho losapeลตeka la kukana. Ndipo monga Alfred akutikumbutsa, โKulimbanaโฆndi chizindikiro cha mtima wa anthu oponderezedwa womwe ukugundabe panthawi yautsamunda. Kuchita ndi chizindikiro cha moyo wa anthu omwe kukhalapo kwawo sikuloledwa. โ[2]Zochita zomwe zachitika ndizoyambiranso komanso zachiwembu, ndikulembanso mbiri ya kukana kwa Amwenye pamaso pa mbiri yautsamunda yomwe idasauka ndikuwononga mayiko achikhalidwe, zochita zobwezeretsanso malo achikhalidwe ndi malo kuchokera ku atsamunda. Ndipo pamene Amwenye akuvutika kuti afotokoze kunyada kwawo ndi kudziwika kwawo, akuwoneka ngati oopsa.
Ndichiwopsezo ichi chomwe chimamanga Amwenye padziko lonse lapansi, kuyesayesa kogwirizana kwautsamunda wapadziko lonse lapansi kuti athetse ndikukhazikitsanso kusiyana. Kumene kudalirana kwa mayiko kwakhala chizolowezi, Amwenye amasiyana kwambiri, akuwulula kudalirana kwa mayiko momwe kulili komanso komwe kwakhalako nthawi zonse: atsamunda. Zodziwika komanso zapadera za zikhalidwe zakubadwa zimatsutsana ndi kusinthika kosalekeza kwa kayendetsedwe ka dziko lonse lapansi. Njira zamoyo zachibadwidwe zimatsutsana ndi nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi zoyendetsedwa ndi ndalama zowononga komanso zowononga, zomwe zimapereka njira zina zenizeni komanso zovuta zenizeni.
Ndiye yankho ndi chiyani? Ambiri omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi akatswiri anena za izi mapangano oyambirira kuti mayiko achikunja adasaina ndi korona waku Britain ndi ena. Mzimu wa mapanganowa nthawi zambiri umayimiridwa ku Canada ndi Haudenosaunee (Mitundu Six) Wampum Wawiri, yomwe ikuwonetsa mizere iwiri yofiirira yomwe ikuyenda motsatana pansi poyera. Popanda kuloลตa mโtsatanetsatane wolemera umene uli nawo, mizera iลตiri yofiirirayo imasonyeza mabwato aลตiri kutsika ndi mtsinje wa moyo, anthu aลตiri amene amakhala pamodzi mwamtendere mwaubwenzi, akulemekeza kudzilamulira kwawo ndi kusiyana kwawo.
Ngakhale kuti Two Row Wampum ndi yosiyana kwambiri, mzimu ndi cholinga chake zimakhalabe pamtima pa kuyambiranso kwachikhalidwe - kutha kukhala mwamtendere, kusunga ndi kukondwerera zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe, komanso kusunga ubale wachikondi ndi ena komanso dziko.
Ngakhale kuti Awiri Mzere Wampum ndi wapadera, mzimu waumodzi kudzera m'mavuto omwe amagawana nawo, kukondana dziko, ndi ubale wogawana, wagwirizanitsa anthu amtundu wina. Thandizo la Idle No More labwera kuchokera ku Palestine, New Zealand, Mexico, ndi padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti zochitika ndi njira zolimbana ndizosiyana, pali kuzindikira kuti kuti athetse bwino chikoloni padziko lonse lapansi, m'mawonetseredwe ake onse, payenera kukhala mgwirizano, kuphunzira, ndi kugawana njira, luso la kulenga, ndi chithandizo chauzimu.
Kulimbana kumeneku, ku Canada ndi padziko lonse lapansi, sikudalira kokha kwa Amwenye komanso anthu ngati ineyo, munthu wosakhala Wachibadwidwe, omwe nthumwi zawo zinasaina ngati ogwirizana nawo m'mapangano oyambirira ndi omwe apindula ndi kunyalanyazidwa. Ubale wolemekezana umafuna kuti onse awiri azilemekeza panganolo. Pakali pano, StephanieIrlbacher-Fox akufotokoza udindo wokhazikika ngati "kukhalira limodzi mwa kukaniza.โ Pamene Idle No More ikupitiriza kukula ndikusintha, ndi udindo wa anthu omwe si Amwenye kuti athandizire kayendetsedwe ka mtundu wa Amwenye ndi kuyambiranso chikhalidwe, pozindikira kuti ziwirizi ziyenera kugwirizana. Ndi udindo wosakhala Wachibadwidwe kusunga maubwenzi aulemu, komanso kukana pamodzi ndi abale ndi alongo athu Achibadwidwe, kuti tisakhale chete pamene atsamunda akupitirizabe.
Uthenga uwu wa Idle No More sagwirizana ndi nkhani zomveka bwino zapa media ndipo, pambuyo pake, sizomwe zikuwuzidwa. Edward Said ndi ena atikumbutsa kuti chikhumbo cha makapisozi aukhondo ndi chikhumbo cha atsamunda - kusungitsa ndi kugawanitsa cholinga cha kutanthauzira ndi kuwongolera. Idle No More and Indigenous resistance kukana kutanthauzira ndi kulamulira. Chowonadi ndi chovuta kwambiri kuposa nkhani zomveka bwino, zovuta kwambiri komanso nthawi zina zotsutsana, monga momwe zimakhalira. Koma chinthu chimodzi is momveka bwino: Anthu amtundu wawo adzapitirizabe kupita patsogolo mโnjira ya makolo. Za mapangano, maphunziro, chikhalidwe, ubale, thanzi. Za kukana ndi kuyambiranso.
Eric Ritskes ndiye woyambitsa ndi mkonzi wa Open Access, magazini yowunikiridwa ndi anzawo, Decolonization: Indigeniety, Education & Society. Iye ndi wophunzira wa PhD mu Sociology and Equity Studies in Education ku yunivesite ya Toronto, Canada komwe ntchito yake imayang'ana mayendedwe a Indigeneity, decolonization, ndi nkhani zaukadaulo, makamaka kudzera mu Open Access yosindikiza.
[1]Wokondedwa Alfred, Wasase: Njira Zachilengedwe Zochita & Ufulu (University of Toronto Press, 2009), p. 151.
[2]Wokondedwa Alfred, Wasase: Njira Zachilengedwe Zochita & Ufulu (University of Toronto Press, 2009), p. 203.
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