Pambuyo pa kukhetsa magazi koopsa pabwalo lankhondo, malungo anayamba kutha. Anthu ankawoneka ngati nkhondo kumaso ndi maso ozizira, olimba kuposa m’miyezi yoyambirira yachisangalalo, ndipo malingaliro awo a mgwirizano anayamba kufooka, popeza palibe amene akanawona chizindikiro cha “kuyeretsedwa kwa makhalidwe” kwakukulu kumene afilosofi ndi olemba analengeza mokulirapo. .

- Stefan Zweig, Dziko Ladzulo

Stefan Zweig, yemwe anali wokonda kwambiri anthu olemba ku Europe omwe ali ndi nkhondo, adakumana ndi Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse ngati munthu wokhulupirika wa ku Austro-Hungary. Ndiko kuti, iye sanatsutse adani akuluakulu a Britain ndi France, koma nkhondo yokhayo. Nkhondo inali kuwononga dziko lake. Pogwirizana ndi ojambula anzake kumbali zonse za ngalandezo, iye anakana kupha munthu mnzake.

Mu 1917, Akatolika aŵiri otchuka a ku Austria, Heinrich Lammasch ndi Ignaz Seipel, anauza Zweig zakukhosi kwawo za kuloŵetsa Mfumu Karl ku mtendere wosiyana ndi Britain ndi France. "Palibe amene angatiimbe mlandu chifukwa chosakhulupirika," Lammasch adauza Zweig. "Ife tazunzika opitilira miliyoni miliyoni. Tachita ndipo tadzipereka mokwanira!" Karl anatumiza Kalonga wa Parma, mlamu wake, kwa Georges Clemenceau ku Paris.

Ajeremani atamva za kuyesa kwa mnzawo wofuna kum’pereka, Karl anakwiya. Zweig analemba kuti: “Monga mmene mbiri yakale inasonyezera, unali mwayi womaliza umene ukanapulumutsa Ufumu wa Austria-Hungary, ufumu wa monarchy, motero ku Ulaya panthawiyo. Zweig, ku Switzerland pokonzekera sewero lake lodana ndi nkhondo la Jeremiah, ndi mnzake waku France, Romain Rolland, yemwe adalandira mphotho ya Nobel, adalimbikitsa olemba anzawo kuti asinthe zolembera zawo ku zida zofalitsa zabodza kukhala zida zoyanjanitsira.

Ngati Maulamuliro Aakulu akanamvera Zweig ku Austria-Hungary, Rolland ku France ndi Bertrand Russell ku Britain, nkhondoyo ikanatha Novembala 1918 isanafike ndikupulumutsa moyo wachichepere pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi.

Okhazikitsa mtendere ku Syria akupeza zomwe Zweig adachita pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo: nsikidzi ndi ng'oma zimayimitsa kuyitana kuti ukhale wabwino. Lipoti pa tsamba la Open Democracy masiku angapo apitawo linanena kuti anthu ochita ziwonetsero ku Bostan al-Qasr komwe kuli zigawenga ku Aleppo adaimba kuti, "Magulu ankhondo onse ndi akuba: boma, Free [Ankhondo a Syria] ndi Asilamu."

Asilikali ankhondo a Jubhat Al Nusra, gulu lachisilamu lothandizidwa ndi Saudi Arabia komanso omwe amadziwona ngati zigawenga ndi United States, adawabalalitsa ndi moto. Kumbali zonse ziŵiri, awo amene amafuna kukambitsirana pa kukhetsa mwazi amatsatiridwa ndi kuipa.

Boma lidamanga a Orwa Nyarabia, wojambula mafilimu komanso wochita zachiwonetsero, chifukwa cha ziwonetsero zake zamtendere. Atamasulidwa, adathawira ku Cairo kuti akapitilize kuyitanitsa kusintha kosachita zachiwawa. Dr Zaidoun Al Zoabi, wophunzira yemwe zida zake zokha zinali mawu, tsopano akufooka, pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake Sohaib, mu malo otetezera boma la Syria. (Ngati mukudabwa kuti izi zikutanthauza chiyani, funsani CIA chifukwa chake "imapereka" okayikira ku Syria.)

Asiriya omwe anakulira ndi kuponderezedwa ndi boma akupeza nkhanza za moyo m'madera "omasulidwa". Mtolankhani wa Guardian Ghaith Abdul Ahad adapita ku msonkhano wa akuluakulu 32 ku Aleppo sabata yatha. Mkulu wina amene kale anali mkulu wa bungwe la asilikali la Aleppo anauza anzake kuti: “Ngakhale anthu atopa ndi ife.

Pamene ndinali ku Aleppo mu October, anthu a m’dera losauka la Bani Zaid anachonderera gulu lankhondo la Free Syrian Army kuti liwasiye mwamtendere. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, magulu a zigawenga akhala akumenyana pofuna kulanda katundu. Abdul Ahad anafotokoza za kubedwa kwa sukulu:

"Amunawa ananyamula matebulo, sofa ndi mipando ina kunja kwa sukuluyo n'kukaunjika pakona ya msewu. Makompyuta ndi mamonitor amatsatira."

Msilikali wina analembetsa katunduyo m'buku lalikulu. "Tikusunga m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu," adatero.

Chakumapeto kwa mlunguwo, ndinaona sofa ndi makompyuta a pasukulupo atakhala bwinobwino m’nyumba yatsopano ya mkulu wa asilikaliyo.

Msilikali wina, mtsogoleri wankhondo dzina lake Abu Ali yemwe amalamulira mabwalo ochepa a Aleppo monga bwenzi lake, anati: "Iwo amatiimba mlandu chifukwa cha chiwonongeko. sizikadachitika."

Zigawengazo, mogwirizana ndi othandizira awo akunja ku Riyadh, Doha, Ankara ndi Washington, adakana mwamphamvu nsagwada mokomera nkhondo. Mtsogoleri wa Syrian National Coalition yomwe yangopangidwa kumene, Moaz Al Khatib, adakana kuyitanidwa kwaposachedwa ndi nthumwi ya UN Lakhdar Brahimi ndi Russian Foreign Sergei Lavrov kuti akakhale nawo pazokambirana ndi boma la Syria. Bambo Al Khatib akuumirira kuti Bashar Al Assad atule pansi udindo monga choyambira cha zokambirana, koma ndithudi tsogolo la Mr Al Assad ndi imodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu zomwe tingakambirane.

Opandukawo, omwe a Al Khatib alibe mphamvu zowalamulira, sanathe kugonjetsa Al Assad pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zankhondo. Stalemate pabwalo lankhondo amatsutsa zokambirana kuti athetse mkanganowo povomereza kusintha kwa chinthu chatsopano. Ndikoyenera kupha Asiria ena a 50,000 kuti asunge Mr Al Assad pakusintha komwe kungamupangitse kuti achoke?

Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse itatha ndi asilikali pafupifupi 9 miliyoni anaphedwa ndipo chitukuko cha ku Ulaya chinali pafupi ndi nkhanza za Nazism, kulimbanako sikunayenere kutayika. Zotsatira zamagazi sizinali bwinoko. Zweig analemba kuti: “Pakuti tinakhulupirira—ndipo dziko lonse lapansi linakhulupirira nafe—kuti imeneyi inali nkhondo yothetsa nkhondo zonse, kuti chilombo chimene chinali kuwononga dziko lathu lapansi chinali chitawetedwa kapenanso kuphedwa. Pulogalamu, yomwe inali yathunso; tinaona kuwala kochepa kwambiri kwa mbandakucha m'masiku amenewo, pamene Kuukira boma kwa Russia kunali kudakali m'nyengo yake yachisangalalo ya malingaliro aumunthu. Tinali opusa, ndikudziwa."

Kodi amene akukankhira Asiriya kuti amenyane ndi kumenyana, m’malo mongoyang’anizana pagome la zokambirana, n’ngopusa?

Charles Glass ndi mlembi wa mabuku angapo ku Middle East, kuphatikiza Tribes with Flags ndi The Northern Front: An Iraq War Diary. Iyenso ndi wofalitsa pansi pa London imprint Charles Glass Books

Ndemanga za mkonzi: Nkhaniyi idasinthidwa kuti ikonze vuto la masanjidwe.

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