Inali 2000 koloko m’maŵa tsiku la July 38 lisanachitike. Mdima ndi bata unandikuta pamene ndinali kuyenda m’misewu yopanda phokoso ya San Cristóbal de Las Casas kum’mwera chakum’maŵa kwa Chiapas, Mexico. Ndinkalunjika kumsika komwe basi yaying'ono inganditengere kumpoto kupita kumalo omenyera nkhondo - kumpoto komwe a Zapatistas adakhazikitsa madera awo XNUMX odzilamulira okha. Ndinawerengapo za magulu a ufulu wachibadwidwe omwe amagwira ntchito zothandizira komanso kuphunzitsa anthu za Zapatistas ndipo ndinaona kuti kunali kofunika kuti ndikhale nawo pagulu lothandizira. Ndinakhala wopenyerera ufulu wachibadwidwe wa Fray Bartolome de Las Casas woona za ufulu wachibadwidwe ku San Cristóbal.
Mbiri Yaposachedwa
Panali chiwonjezeko cha kuchuluka kwa magulu a anthu osauka omwe ali kum'mwera kwa Mexico kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 ndipo asilikali adayankha ndi magulu ankhondo a m'deralo (otchedwa low intensity warfare). Kuphatikiza apo, eni minda akuluakulu adalemba ganyu ankhondo pamene alimi adakhala m'malo awoawo atachepa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo komanso malo ambiri m'manja mwa anthu ochepa. Poyankha kuipiraipira, Bishopu Samuel Ruiz anakhazikitsa Fray Bartolome de Las Casas Human Rights Center mu 1989. Pa January 1st, 1994 (tsiku losaina mwalamulo mgwirizano wa North America Free Trade Agreement) Mexico idadzuka kuti ipezeke yomizidwa mkati. nkhondo yamkati yomwe inatsutsa ndondomeko za chuma ndi ndale za Mexico. Gulu la alimi a eni eni eni omwe amadzitcha kuti Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) ankakhala m'malo akuluakulu osiyanasiyana m'chigawo cha Chiapas, ku Mexico. Pambuyo pa zipolowe za Zapatista mu 1994, asilikali adakula kwambiri. Zofuna za a Zapatista ndizofanana ndi magulu ena opanduka ku Latin America. Iwo akufuna malo, nyumba, chakudya chokwanira, mwayi wopeza misika, ufulu wokhazikitsa ma cooperative osadalira boma, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa katundu wawo ndi ntchito zofunika kumidzi monga njira zoyeretsera madzi ndi zimbudzi, misewu ndi chitukuko china. . Ufulu wachibadwidwe umathandizanso kwambiri pagululi. A Zapatistas amafuna ufulu wolamulira maphunziro, ndi machitidwe a ndale ndi oweruza m'madera awo kuti aphatikize zilankhulo, miyambo ndi miyambo ya kwawo. A Zapatistas akulengezanso za ufulu ndi kupatsa mphamvu kwa anthu, kukhazikitsa demokalase kwa ndale ku Mexico, ufulu wodziyimira pawokha m'chigawo ndi mabungwe okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso njira zina zosinthira zachuma ndi ndale. Udindo wa amayi mkati mwa kayendetsedwe kake ndi wovuta komanso wochuluka. Kumbali imodzi, gululi lavutika kuti likhazikitsenso ntchito zapakhomo za amayi pazamankhwala ndi azamba, maphunziro ndi ulemu womwe umaperekedwa pakukonza chakudya. Iwo achita zimenezi kutsutsana ndi zimene boma likuchita pofuna kuchepetsa maudindowa. Gululi limabweretsa pamodzi kulimbana kuti asunge maudindo achikhalidwe ndi ufulu waukazi wamakono.
Zowonera Zanga
Ndinasangalala kwambiri. Posakhalitsa ndidzapeza zonse zomwe ndinawerenga kwa zaka ziwiri. Titayenda pagalimoto kwa maola aŵiri m’misewu yopapatiza ya m’mapiri, pakati pa akazi opita kukagulitsa ntchito zawo zamanja ndi amuna opita kumunda kukagwira ntchito, potsirizira pake tinafika kumene tinali kupita: madera aŵiri a Acteal. Tinadzipangitsa tokha kukhala omasuka pasukulu pagulu la Acteal Bases (malo othandizira a Zapatista), koma tinkayendera tsiku ndi tsiku anthu oyandikana nawo a Acteal Las Abejas (njuchi) - gulu lachikatolika la pacifist lomwe limathandizira a Zapatistas pazochitika zawo. Titalowa m’deralo, posakhalitsa tinazindikira kuopsa kwa mkhalidwewo. M’mphepete mwa phirilo munali tisakasa tokhala ndi madenga a malata, omangidwa ndi zidutswa zamatabwa, zikwangwani zakale kapena mapepala apulasitiki. Galimoto yonyamula nyemba, mpunga ndi ufa wopangira phala kawiri pamwezi inali itangofika kumene ndipo amuna ammudzi ankathandiza ogwira ntchito ku International Red Cross kutsitsa. Tinatumizidwa ku zimbudzi zatsopano ndi matanki amadzi omwe anali atangomangidwa kumene ndi Red Cross ndi mabungwe ena apadziko lonse. Ana ankangoyendayenda m’deralo chifukwa sukulu sinatsegulidwe, ndipo akuluakuluwo anali atakhala modikirira. Nchiyani chikadapangitsa mudzi wonse kusinthanitsa nyumba zawo ndi malo awo kukhala ndi moyo wotero? Nditafunsa Marcelino, mmodzi wa atsogoleri a m’mudzimo, chifukwa chimene anasiira nyumba yawo ya Chimix, dera lomwe linali kumpoto kwa maola aŵiri chabe, iye anayankha kuti: ‘Tinali kupita kuminda yathu tikukolola khofi pamene tinamva kuwomba kwa mfuti. ndinawona utsi ndi malawi akutuluka m’mudzi mwathu. Ankhondowo anali kuwotcha ndi kulanda nyumba zathu kwinaku akuombera mfuti zawo. Ife, anthu ammudzi, tinathamangira kumapiri ndikuyenda usiku wonse. Tinakhala kumeneko m’mapiri kudya zimene tinapeza, kwinaku tinkakhala m’nyumba zosakhalitsa. Patapita miyezi iwiri, tinatsika kumapiri ndi kukhazikika ku Acteal.’
Monga woyang’anira, inali ntchito yanga kulemba za kukhalapo kwa asilikali ndi asilikali ankhondo mumsewu waukulu wodutsa madera aŵiriwo. Pafupifupi mphindi 5-10 zilizonse padutsa jeep, galimoto kapena thanki yodzaza ndi asitikali ndi amuna omwe ali ndi mfuti. Panthaŵi imene ndinali m’deralo, ku Chiapas kunali asilikali 70,000 (osawerengera asilikali ankhondo), kapena gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a asilikali onse a ku Mexico. Panali malo 53 oyendera asilikali komanso malo 22 a asilikali. Anthu amene anayesa kuchoka m’midzi ya Acteal kuti akapeze ntchito kapena kubwerera ku Chimix kuti akakolole khofi wawo anamangidwa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa chogwirizana ndi a Zapatista. Ku Acteal Las Abejas kukhalapo kwa asitikali kumakhala ndi nkhanza kwambiri. Pa Disembala 1997, 45, tikuchita mapemphero a Khrisimasi isanachitike, azimayi ndi ana XNUMX opanda zida adaphedwa ndi asitikali ankhondo ku Acteal Las Abejas.
Pafupi ndi khomo lolowera m’derali panamangidwa chipilala cha mbiri yoipa kuti chikumbukire akufa. Mipukutu ya kuphedwayo yojambulidwa ndi ana a madera onse aŵiri imakongoletsa makoma a holo ya msonkhano, kukumbutsa madera aŵiriwo za kukana kwawo. Ndinazindikira kuti madera awiriwa alinso odzaza ndi malingaliro okonzanso komanso akumanganso tsogolo labwino. Kachetechete, kuseri kwa ziwonetsero ndi amayi omwe ali malo amtundu wa anthu. Iwo amaona kuti zinthu zili bwino pamene akugwira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kuphika, kuyeretsa, kuchapa zovala, kusunga nyumba ndi kusamalira ana. Komanso, ndi okhawo omwe amabweretsa ndalama m'deralo. Ngakhale kuti amawopsezedwa ndi kuzunzidwa m’malo osungitsamo magalimoto, amagulitsa zinthu zopetedwa kuchokera kumakampani awo oluka nsalu komanso zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba za m’minda ing’onoing’ono zimene asema m’malo. Ndi chakudya chilichonse chomwe amakonzekera, chidutswa chilichonse cha nsalu zomwe amagulitsa, nthawi iliyonse akamalankhula ndi ana awo zilankhulo zamtundu wawo, akuchirikiza ndi kupititsa patsogolo zikhalidwe zawo zakubadwa ndipo a Zapatista amadziyambitsa okha.
Madera awiri a Acteal akumanganso madera awo ndipo amayi ndi gawo lofunikira pakubwezera uku. Acteal Las Abejas wangomaliza kumene kumanga chipatala cha komweko chomwe chimaphatikiza mankhwala azikhalidwe a Mayan ndi mankhwala amakono aku Western. Ali ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi mabungwe ena achikatolika ndi madera ena a Abejas, ndipo akhazikitsa mgwirizano woluka ndi khofi. Panopa Acteal Bases ili mkati mopanga chipatala cha anthu ndikuyesera kutsegulanso sukulu yomwe idzathandize madera onse ndi kusankha kwawo aphunzitsi ndi maphunziro omwe angaphatikizepo zilankhulo zachikhalidwe, mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe mu maphunziro a dziko la Mexico. Azimayi ndi otsimikizika kuti ali ndi udindo waukulu pazaumoyo ndi maphunziro.
M'madera achikhalidwe, mankhwala ndi maphunziro ndizo zakhala gawo lawo. Pagulu la anthu Ramona, wotchuka Zapatista Comandante, amatenga gawo lalikulu mu gulu lankhondo la Zapatista. Ndiwofunikira kwambiri paziwonetsero komanso misonkhano ina ya Zapatista. Kumenyana pamodzi ndi amuna, amayi a Zapatista monga Ramona adakankhira patsogolo ndondomeko yawo kuti awonetsetse kuti ufulu wa amayi ndi nkhani ndizofunikanso mkati mwa gululo. Malamulo osintha boma amalamula kuti akazi ali ndi ‘ufulu wotenga nawo mbali pankhondo, kutsogolera zochitika za m’deralo, kukhala ndi maudindo, ufulu wa maphunziro, ndi ufulu wokhala ndi udindo uliwonse wa utsogoleri m’bungwe la Zapatista ndi kukhala ndi udindo wa usilikali.’ komanso ponena za ufulu wa amayi ndi udindo wawo m'banja.
A ku Zapatista amalengeza kuti 'palibe mkazi amene angamenyedwe kapena kuzunzidwa, kuti akazi ali ndi ufulu wosankha za kuchuluka kwa ana amene adzakhale nawo ndi kuwasamalira, ndi ufulu wosankha wokwatirana naye osati kukakamizidwa kukwatira kapena kukwatiwa.' Pomaliza, kwalamulidwanso kuti milandu yogwiriridwa ndi kuyesa kugwiririra idzalangidwa koopsa. Mawu awa atha kuwoneka ngati osafunikira ndi chitetezo chomwe chatsimikiziridwa kale ndi Mexico National Constitutional, komabe ziyenera kubwerezedwa m'madera azikhalidwe momwe azimayi nthawi zambiri amalandidwa maufuluwa. Uwu ndi udindo wapawiri wa amayi a Zapatista: ogwira nawo ntchito ofanana mu usilikali wa Zapatista pamene akugwira ntchito ngati olera a gululi pokonzekera chakudya cha maulendo, kukonza ndi kugawa zovala ndi nyumba za asilikali a Zapatista. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amaiwala ndipo zofalitsa sizinatenge kufunikira kwawo, akazi a Zapatista ndi amodzi mwa maulalo ofunikira kwambiri mkati mwa gululo. Iwo ali ndi mbali zambiri zomwe zimafunika kuvomerezedwa.
Paula Grosso posachedwapa wamaliza Masters ake mu Mbiri ku Yunivesite ya Saskatchewan pa Zapatista Movement. Ndi membala wa Oxfam ndi CHEP (Child Hunger and Education Programme) ndipo pano akugwira ntchito ku Anti-poverty Coalition ku Saskatoon.
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