Nkhondo Yamalipiro
Mitt Romney, amene anathandiza kupanga chuma chake chachikulu mwa kutumikira monga “mpainiya” m’ntchito zochirikizira banja kwa anthu amene amalipidwa malipiro ochepa ku China, ananena kuti ndawala yake inali yopatulidwiradi “kwa mwamuna wa ku Waukesha, Wisconsin [omwe] ankakonda kuchita. Ndimagwira ntchito $25 pa ola limodzi ndi phindu ndipo tsopano ndi imodzi pa $8 pa ola, popanda phindu. " Romney anapitiriza kulengeza kudzipereka kwake kolimba kuyang'anira "kukwera kwa malipiro opita kunyumba" kwa ogwira ntchito aku America.
Zachidziwikire, mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kampeni ya Romney-Ryan zidali ndi cholinga chofuna kuwononga chithandizo chilichonse chamalipiro mumtundu wa $ 25. Lonjezo la Romney la malipiro apamwamba kwa ogwira ntchito ku US linagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chithandizo chake pa lamulo ladziko la "ufulu wogwira ntchito" lomwe linapangidwa kuti lithetse mgwirizano wa mgwirizano, kuthandizira kwake kwa wothamanga mnzake Paul Ryan pempho lochotsa misonkho pa phindu kuchokera ku zomera zakunja zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi Makampani akuluakulu aku US angalimbikitse kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zolipira kwambiri kunja kwa US, komanso kuyitanitsa kwake "kupanga America kukhala malo abwino kwambiri komanso opikisana" kuti akhazikitse ndalama.
Kukakamira uku kwa "kuwongolera" mpikisano pachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi kumapangitsa kuti mikhalidwe yoipitsitsa m'miyoyo ya mabanja ogwira ntchito. Ngakhale kuti mabungwe ndi mamembala awo akhala akuchulukirachulukira, zotsatira zake zakhala kuphwanyidwa kwa zopeza pakati pa anthu apakatikati.
Mkati mwachikakamizo chofuna kutsitsa malipiro a ogwira ntchito aku America, pali zizindikiro zochulukirapo kuti mabungwe akuluakulu aku US akuyesetsa kukakamiza ogwira ntchito kuvomereza tanthauzo la $ 13 pa ola ngati malipiro "opikisana" omwe ogwira ntchito aku US akuyenera kuvomereza. Izi zimakhala zosakwana theka la malipiro omwe ali pakati pa ogwira ntchito zakale m'mafakitale ogwirizana monga kupanga magalimoto ndi kukonza mapepala. Komabe, ngakhale kuti mabanja ogwira ntchito akuvutika kwambiri chifukwa cha khama la Corporate America, mfundo zoyambira pampikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi zimavomerezedwa pafupifupi mogwirizana muzofalitsa zofalitsa nkhani ndi amon.g atsogoleri akuluakulu a zipani zonse ziwiri zazikulu (ngakhale pali kusagwirizana ndi mapiko a chipani cha Democrats, monga Senator Sherrod Brown ndi Woimira Marcy Kaptur, onse aku Ohio). Ngakhale zotsatsa za Obama zidatengera Romney ndi Bain Capital kuti athetse ntchito zaku US kumayiko omwe amalandila malipiro ochepa, olamulira a Obama adakankhira bwino mapangano atatu amtundu wa NAFTA ndi Colombia, South Korea, ndi Panama - omwe amalimbikitsa kusamutsidwa. ntchito—ndiponso pakali pano akukambirana za “malonda aulere” otchedwa Trans-Pacific Partnership.
Demokalase yokhazikika ku US ndi madera ena otsogola tsopano ikuyang'ana "kuyankha ku msika wapadziko lonse mopindulitsa momwe ndingathere ndikugawa zopindula ndi zotayika - poyesa kuyang'anira malingaliro a anthu ... molingana ndi zisankho," monga Martin Leys. adafotokoza za ulamuliro mu Ndale Zoyendetsedwa ndi Msika. Zotsatira zake, "Sosaiti ikupangidwa m'njira zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa za kusonkhanitsa ndalama m'malo motengera njira ina."
Kuyang'ana mosamalitsa nkhani zovuta monga kutsika kwa moyo wa zipani zazikulu komanso kulephera kwa ovota kuti agwire akuluakulu osankhidwa kuti azikwaniritsa zofunikira zinawonetsedwa kwambiri ndi Kevin Baker akulemba m'bukuli. Harper a. Baker adanenanso za kufunitsitsa kwa Obama kulingalira "zachuma" ndi a Republican pomwe phindu la Social Security ndi Medicare lidzadulidwa, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amatsutsa, makamaka ovota a Democratic komanso malonjezo a Obama m'mbuyomu. “Monga momwe ukapitalizimu Wakumadzulo umachotsa ntchito zamakampani, kuthamangitsa makampani, kuchepetsa malipiro ndi zopindulitsa, kuchotseratu ufulu wa ogwira ntchito ndi chitetezo—momwemonso ulamuliro wa demokalase wa Kumadzulo umachotsa ndale, zipani zake zazikulu zimachotsa kapena kutsekereza madera onse, kunyozera kutengamo mbali kwa magulu amene kale anawachirikiza,” anatero Baker.
Kuteteza kwa olamulira a Obama pa mfundo zake monga "kupulumutsa Wall Street kuti apulumutse Main Street" kunkawoneka ngati njira yobisika yazachuma, pomwe oyang'anira nthawi zonse amakambirana ndikuchezera Wall Street pomwe amalola ma CEO ndi mabanki kuti akhazikitse zomwe akufuna. za mfundo zofunika kwambiri monga ulova ndi kulandidwa nyumba. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, anthu osauka ndi ogwira ntchito amene anavutika chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwachuma m’miyoyo yawo sanapatsidwe mwayi wothandiza kukonza mapulani okonzanso miyoyo yawo. Ndiye n'zosadabwitsa kuti ofufuza a Democracy Corps Michael Bocian ndi Andrew Baumann anapeza m'chaka cha 2010 kuti, "3 peresenti yokha inavomereza kuti ndondomeko za boma zinathandiza 'munthu wamba wogwira ntchito' kapena 'inu ndi banja lanu'" ndi "48 peresenti. ovota ambiri akuganiza kuti a Obama ndi a Democrats apereka thandizo ku Wall Street patsogolo pakupanga ntchito kwa anthu wamba aku America. "
Kampeni ya Purezidenti Obama idakwera chifukwa cha kuwukira kopitilira muyeso kwa moyo wa ogwira ntchito —malipiro, zolipirira zaumoyo, penshoni, chitetezo chantchito, ndi mapologalamu oteteza anthu —akuchitidwa ndi atsogoleri amakampani. Obama adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yambiri kuti awonetse kupambana kwake polimbikitsa miyezi yowongoka ya 31 yopanga ntchito "zachinsinsi". Koma ndikugogomezera uku, a Obama adalephera kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ntchito m'mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono pomwe mabungwe akulu adayambitsa nkhondo yolimbana ndi malipiro abwino ndipo adalephera kuteteza gawo lofunikira la ntchito zamaboma popereka ntchito zofunikira komanso kulimbikitsa chuma panthawi ya kuchepa kwachuma. Njira yazisankho ya Obama yogogomezera kupambana kwake pakuchotsa dziko la US muvuto lalikulu kwambiri m'zaka 80 - pomwe akupereka kuzindikira pang'ono kupitilirabe kuvutikira kwa anthu omwe sanagwire ntchito, osowa ntchito ndi osauka - adasiya mamiliyoni aku America kumva kuti alibe masomphenya. America, monganso Romney adanyoza 47 peresenti ya aku America ngati "odalira" maboma.
Kukana kwa Social Compact
Kumenyedwa kwa malipiro ndi moyo wapakati kumayimira kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera ku "mgwirizano wamagulu" wosalembedwa wotsatiridwa ndi mabungwe otsogola kuyambira pafupifupi 1940 mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1970, pomwe atsogoleri amabungwe adavomereza monyinyirika mgwirizano wa ogwira nawo ntchito ndikulipidwa. malipiro okwera kwambiri posinthanitsa ndi mtendere pansi pa masitolo ndi msika wogula wapakhomo womwe ukukula kwambiri. Mabungwe ku US adafika pachimake m'zaka za m'ma 1950, kuyimira pafupifupi 35 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito ndikukhazikitsa mulingo womwe makampani ambiri omwe siali m'mabungwe adawona kuti akuyenera kufananiza.
Komabe, olemba anzawo ntchito ku US adatsimikiza mtima kuthawa kugawana nawo mphamvu ndi ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe, ngakhale kuti malamulo aku US sapereka mbali zonse zademokalase m'malamulo azantchito aku Western Europe (mwachitsanzo, ku Germany, ogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi oyimira pamabungwe amakampani) . Pambuyo pa chiwopsezo cha WWII pambuyo pa WWII, kufalikira kwa malamulo "oyenera kugwira ntchito" omwe adathandizira mabwana kuti apangitse anthu ogwira ntchito omwe si amgwirizano - omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo la Taft-Hartley Act mu 1947 - pang'onopang'ono adapangitsa Confederacy yakale kuchulukirachulukira. zokopa kwa olemba anzawo ntchito omwe akufuna kuthawa ogwira ntchito m'mayunivesite komanso madera ogwirizana nawo kumpoto. Migwirizano yotsika yomwe inali yodziwika ku South kokha yakhala chizolowezi cha dziko lonse: 7.9 peresenti yokha ya ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe aku America tsopano ali m'mabungwe. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti madera akumwera omwe si a mgwirizano akuchotsedwa ntchito ndi olemba ntchito omwe akufunafuna malipiro ochepa ndikupita ku Mexico, Central America, China, ndi kwina.
Chikhalidwe chomwe chatchedwa "Caterpillar Capitalism" chayamba kuonekera. Mabungwe amapeza phindu lalikulu komabe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo kuti achepetse malipiro. Chitsanzo, Caterpillar, ndi phindu la $ 4.8 biliyoni mu 2011 ndipo CEO Douglas Oberhelman akusangalala ndi chiwongoladzanja cha 60 peresenti mpaka $ 16.9 miliyoni, adasankha kulunjika akatswiri a makina ku Joliet, Illinois kuti apereke chiwongoladzanja chachikulu-kuphatikiza malipiro a zaka 6, a. kuwirikiza kawiri malipiro a chithandizo chamankhwala ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa penshoni. Caterpillar anali m'mbuyomu adatsogolera kukakamiza kuvomereza kwa magawo awiri amalipiro, pomwe ogwira ntchito atsopano amalandira 2 mpaka 50 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito zakale, komanso zolipirira zochepa zaumoyo komanso zopuma pantchito. Mchitidwe wa 60-tier wafalikira ku GM, Chrysler, ndi Ford, ndi ganyu zatsopano zikuyamba ntchito yankhanza pafupifupi $ 2 pa ola limodzi. Ku Wisconsin, mkati mwa miyezi inayi, makampani akuluakulu atatu - Mercury Marine, Harley-Davidson, ndi Kohler - onse adagwiritsa ntchito chiwopsezo chosamutsa ntchito kuti alandire kuvomera kwa magawo awiri amalipiro. Malipiro oyambira pakupanga zinthu atsika ndi 14 peresenti m’zaka 50 zapitazi, akusimba motero mlembi wakale wa Labor Robert Reich. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti malipiro akutsika agwirizana ndi $6 thililiyoni pa zokolola zapachaka za ogwira ntchito zomwe zimaperekedwa pafupifupi ndi "gulu la Investors padziko lonse lapansi," malinga ndi Les Leopold, wolemba mabuku. Kuphedwa kwa America.
Pakati pa 2004 ndi 2010, GE inadula chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito ku US kuchoka pa 165,000 kufika pa 133,000. Pakali pano, pakati pa 1996 ndi 2010, chiwerengero cha GE cha ogwira ntchito kunja chinakwera kuchoka pa 84,000 kufika pa 154,000. GE nayonso yasiya kulipira msonkho wa boma womwe umalipira ntchito za anthu, monganso amachitira mabungwe ena otsogola. Mu 2010, GE inasonkhanitsa $ 14.2 biliyoni mu phindu ndipo inakwanitsa kupeza $ 3.2 biliyoni ya msonkho kuchokera ku boma la feduro. Mkhalidwe wachuma wa General Electric ukhoza kufotokozedwa ngati chinthu chochepa kwambiri, kusangalala ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 16 peresenti ya phindu mu 2011 pamwamba pa $ 14.2 biliyoni mu 2010. North Carolina, komwe ogwira ntchito zakale amapeza ndalama zokwana $23.67 pa ola limodzi. Atakumbukiridwa kuchokera ku ntchito zachidule, ogwira ntchito kwa zaka 20 ku GE adapeza kuti malipiro awo adachepetsedwa ndi 45 peresenti ndipo adachotsedwa pa ndondomeko ya penshoni ya defined-benefit.
Kuchepetsa malipiro kwatsala pang'ono kufalikira kumakampani omwe si a mgwirizano wa GE, kutengera ma memo a GE omwe atengedwa ndi UE's Townsend. Pazokambirana za chaka chatha ndi mgwirizano wa mabungwe, GE idadziwitsa anthu ogwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuti amawona $ 13 pa ola ngati malipiro opikisana pakupanga, adakumbukira Townsend. Chenjezo la zomwe zikuchitika pakati pamakampani aku US, makampani omwe ali ndi mayiko akunja akutengera kutsika kwa malipiro. "Cholinga cha Toyota chafika $12.64 pa ola, malipiro apakatikati amakampani opanga zinthu ku Kentucky, komwe ali ndi fakitale yake yayikulu kwambiri, kapena $10.79 ku Alabama, komwe akumanga chomera chatsopano," akutero Pulofesa wa UC-Berkeley Harley Shaiken, yemwe ndi katswiri wa nthawi pazantchito ndi makampani opanga magalimoto.
Malinga ndi Chrystia Freeland, wolemba buku latsopanoli Plutocrats: Kukwera kwa New Global Super-Rich ndi Kugwa kwa Wina Aliyense. Olemera kwambiri atsopanowo "sakugwirizana kwenikweni ndi mayiko omwe adawapatsa mwayi komanso anthu akumayiko omwe akuwasiya m'mbuyo." Dziko la United States lasanduka mkhalidwe wosagwirizana kwambiri kotero kuti mu 2005 akatswiri a Citibank adalongosola dzikolo ngati "plutonomy" kumene olemera kwambiri amakula mosasamala kanthu za tsogolo la 90 peresenti. Muulamuliro watsopanowu, "Pali ogula olemera, ochepa mwachiwerengero, koma osagwirizana ndi gawo lalikulu la ndalama zomwe amatenga." M'malo mwake, 1 peresenti ya olemera kwambiri ku America adapeza 93 peresenti ya ndalama zomwe amapeza mu 2010, malinga ndi katswiri wazachuma Emanuel Saez wa UC-Berkeley. Kuti 1 peresenti imasonkhanitsa 24 peresenti ya ndalama zonse zapachaka mu Senator wa ku United States Bernie Sanders (I-VT), anafotokoza zotsatira za kugawana kosagwirizana kumeneku kwa chitukuko cha America: "Ziwerengero za kugawa ndalama ku US ndizodabwitsa chifukwa cha kusalingana kwawo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa, m’chaka cha 2005 anthu 1 pa 50 alionse amene ankapeza ndalama zambiri ankapeza ndalama zambiri kuposa anthu 300,000 pa 150 alionse a ku America, ndipo anthu 99 amene amapeza bwino kwambiri ankapeza ndalama zambiri kuposa anthu 2000 miliyoni amene amapeza ndalama zambiri.” Kuchotsedwa pamiyoyo ya 2010 peresenti, ma CEO ndi ena onse omwe amagulitsa ndalama alibe mavuto ochepa potumiza ntchito zothandizira mabanja kutsidya kwa nyanja. Pakati pa 2.9 ndi 2.4, makampani akuluakulu aku US adachotsa ntchito XNUMX miliyoni kunyumba pomwe adapanga ntchito XNUMX miliyoni kutsidya lanyanja, malinga ndi Wall Street Journal (4/19/11).
Ogula Padziko Lonse, Osauka a Amercians
Malipiro aku US akutsika, ndani angagule malondawo? M’zaka zaposachedwapa, mabungwe ankadalira anthu kuti agwiritse ntchito makhadi awo angongole ndi ndalama zogulira nyumba kuti abwezere ngongoleyo kuti awonjezere malipiro omwe sanali kulandira. Mwachiwonekere, kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa Wall Street, kugwa kwa kuphulika kwa nyumba, ndipo ngongole yowonjezereka inathetsa zimenezo. Palibe vuto, monga momwe Frank Emspak—profesa wopuma pantchito wa University of Wisconsin’s School for Workers—ananenera mopanda ulemu kuti: “Pali anthu mabiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi padziko lapansi, ndipo ngakhale m’maiko osauka monga Brazil, China, India, ndi Mexico, muli ndi 10 peresenti. mwa anthu - osankhika - okhoza kugula zinthu kuchokera ku US Izi zikutanthauza kuti ogula pafupifupi 600 miliyoni kunja kwa nyanja. Chifukwa chake kudalira msika wapakhomo ku US ndikukhalabe ndi malipiro apamwamba kuti anthu athe kugula zomwe amapanga. ”
Kudzipatula kuzinthu zapakhomo kumafikira kuzinthu monga zaumoyo, maphunziro, ndi kutentha kwa dziko. Ponena za kufunikira kwa ndalama zambiri pazaumoyo, mphamvu, ndi ukadaulo kuti zitsimikizire kupikisana kwa US, ngakhale mtsogoleri wadziko lonse Thomas Friedman wa New York Times "Ndikayang'ana gulu lomwe lili ndi mphamvu komanso chidwi chowona America ikuyang'ana padziko lonse lapansi komanso yopikisana - atsogoleri abizinesi aku America - akuwoneka kuti akusowa."
Nthawi yomweyo pamene phokoso la "plutonomy" latulukira kwa olemera kwambiri, America yawona kukula kofanana kwa "precariat," mabanja ogwira ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito zawo, ndalama zawo, nyumba zawo, ndi mapindu awo opuma pantchito adakhala ovuta kwambiri. tsiku lililonse likadutsa. Kutayika kwa ntchito zapakati kwakhala koopsa ndipo, ndithudi, kukukulabe. Woyang’anira wakale wa bajeti ku Reagan David Stockman anayerekezera kutayika kwa dziko lonse pa 12 peresenti ya ntchito “zamtengo wapatali,” kutsika kufika pa 68 miliyoni kuchokera pa 77 miliyoni. Anthu a ku America omwe amapeza ndalama zapakati, makamaka mabanja ogwira ntchito, anapirira zomwe Pew Research inalemba mu "Lost Decade" yotulutsidwa mu August. Kukula kwa anthu apakati kunachepa kwambiri: "51 peresenti ya akuluakulu onse anali apakati mu 2011, poyerekeza ndi 61 peresenti mu 1971." Chomwechonso gawo lawo la ndalama zadziko, Pew anasimba kuti: “Mu 1971, gulu lapakati linali ndi 62 peresenti ya ndalama zimene amapeza; mu 2011, chiwerengerochi chinatsika kufika pa 45 peresenti.” Kwa gulu lopeza ndalama zapakati, zaka khumi zotayika za m'ma 2000 zakhala zoipitsitsa kwambiri pakutaya chuma kuposa kutaya ndalama. Ndalama zapakatikati za gawo lapakati zidatsika ndi 5 peresenti, koma chuma chapakatikati (katundu wochotsa ngongole) chidatsika ndi 28 peresenti - kufika $93,150 kuchokera $129,582.
Gawo lalikulu la kutayika kwa ndalama likhoza kufotokozedwa ndi olemba ntchito omwe akugwira ntchito NY Times' Louis Uchitelle adatcha chiwongola dzanja chachikulu kwambiri chochepetsera malipiro kuyambira pa Kukhumudwa Kwakukulu. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito kulibe - pansi pa 1 peresenti kuyambira 1999 mpaka 2009, zaka khumi zoipitsitsa kuchokera pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse pamene kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito kunali kuchokera pa 22 peresenti kufika pa 38 peresenti - kunalimbitsa dzanja la olemba ntchito kuletsa malipiro ndi kuchepetsa mapindu. Chiwopsezo chomwe chinabwera chifukwa cha kugwa kwa Wall Street mu 2008 komanso kutayika kwa ntchito 8.5 miliyoni zomwe zidawonjezeredwa ku mphamvu zowongolera, zamphamvu kale chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mgwirizano wa mabungwe ogwira ntchito, kuti achepetse malipiro.
Koma mulingo wamalipiro aku US akadali otsika mokwanira kuti akwaniritse ziwerengero zazikulu pakati pa 1 peresenti yapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, woyambitsa Pimco bond-fund Bill Gross adauza a Fareed Zakariah, yemwe amatsogolera pulogalamu ya GPS TV kuti, "Ntchito yathu ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso ndi yosaphunzira bwino pamsika wamasiku ano."
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Roger Bybee ndi wolemba pawokha wokhazikika ku Milwaukee komanso pulofesa woyendera ku University of Illinois. Nkhani zake zawonekera Madola & Sense, ndi Progressive, ndi zolemba zina.
Lumikizanani: http://www.freepress.net/.
SYRIA/MIDDLE EAST – Bungwe la Middle East Children’s Alliance (MECA) pakali pano likufufuza ndalama zothandizira anthu othawa kwawo oposa 200,000 omwe akuthawa ziwawa ku Syria.
Lumikizanani: https://www.mecaforpeace.org.
PALEPIYA - Ophunzira aku Palestine apempha ophunzira onse aku US kuti ayike ziwopsezo, kubweza ndalama ndi zilango pamtima pazochitika za University.
Lumikizanani: http://pacbi.org/; http://www.bdsmovement.net/; http://www.boycottisraelnetwork.net/.
IRAN/NKHONDO - United For Peace and Justice yakhazikitsa ndikukhazikitsa Iran Pledge of Resistance ndi magulu ambiri mamembala ndi mabungwe ena amtendere ndi chilungamo. Lonjezo ndikuchitapo kanthu polimbana ndi nkhondo ndi Iran.
Lumikizanani: http://www.iranpledge.org; http://www.unitedforpeace.org.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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