Ndinadabwa tsiku lina kuona lingaliro la Stephen Kinzer mu The Boston Globe momwe amawonetsera ziwonetsero zachiwawa zotsutsana ndi boma ku Nicaragua ngati mtundu wina wa zigawenga. Chodabwitsa pa udindo wa Kinzer ndikuti iye ndi amene adalemba buku lodabwitsali, Amuna Onse a Shah- Chimodzi mwazofunikira zowerengera za CIA yothandizidwa ndi Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh ku Iran mu 1953.
Zomwe zikuchitika ku Nicaragua pakali pano zikuwoneka ngati zomwe zidachitika ku Iran panthawi ya kulanda uku, komabe, Kinzer sakuwona izi. Mwanjira iyi, Kinzer akuyimira chisokonezo cha anthu ambiri mdziko muno - kuphatikiza omwe akuyenera kudziwa bwino, monga odzifotokozera okha otsalira - pazomwe zikuchitika ku Nicaragua ndi ku Latin America nthawi zambiri.
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone zomwe Kinzer akufotokoza molondola ngati njira zomwe CIA idagwiritsa ntchito pogwetsa Mosaddegh ndikuyika Shah waku Iran m'malo mwake. Njira yayikulu inali yokonzekera, kulipira ndikuwongolera ochita ziwonetsero zachiwawa mumsewu kuti pakhale chipwirikiti chomwe chingapangitse kuti boma liyankhe mwankhanza - yankho lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulungamitsa asitikali akuukira Mosaddegh podzinamizira kuti abwezeretsa dongosolo komanso ulamuliro wademokalase.
In Amuna Onse a Shah, Kinzer akufotokoza masiku omwe atsogolere kulanda boma motere:
Zipolowe zomwe zidagwedeza Tehran Lolemba zidakula Lachiwiri. Ziwonetsero zambiri, mosadziwa motsogozedwa ndi CIA, zidadutsa m'misewu, kulanda mashopu, kuwononga zithunzi za Shah, ndikuwononga maofesi amagulu achifumu. Anthu odzikuza komanso achikomyunizimu analowa nawo mโchiwonongekocho. Apolisi anali akulamulidwa ndi Mosaddegh kuti asasokoneze. Izi zinapangitsa kuti anthu ochita ziwawa azigwira ntchito zawo, zomwe zinali kupereka chithunzithunzi chakuti dziko la Iran likulowera ku chipwirikiti. [Mkulu wa Bungwe la CIA Kermit] Roosevelt adawawona pang'onopang'ono pa maulendo ake ang'onoang'ono kuzungulira mzindawo ndipo ananena kuti 'adamuopseza gehena.'
Kinzer akufotokoza kuti pamene ziwawazi sizinali zokwanira kudzutsa chipwirikiti chomwe boma likufuna, Roosevelt adatumiza kazembe wa US ku Mosaddegh kuti akamupusitse kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zolimbana ndi zigawengazo ponena kuti izi ndizofunikira kuteteza anthu aku America omwe akuti akuukira ku Tehran. Roosevelt adadziwa kuti a Mosaddegh, atakhudzidwa ndi chidwi chodziwika bwino cha anthu aku Iran ochereza alendo, akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu. Ndipo adachitapo kanthu, mpaka kuukira omuthandizira ake kuti apulumutse miyoyo yaku America, kapena adamupangitsa kukhulupirira. Kuukirako kunachitika posakhalitsa.
Koma m'malo mobwezeretsa demokalase ku Iran, CIA, Shah, ndi zida zowopsa za SAVAK zachitetezo ndi zozunza zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pake ndi CIA kuti Shah akhale wamphamvu adawononga demokalase yaku Iran. Zowonadi, pofika nthawi ya kuwukira kwa Shah komwe kudamugwetsa mu February 1979, Amnesty International idafotokoza kuti boma la Shah linali ndi mbiri yoyipa kwambiri yaufulu wa anthu padziko lapansi - kusiyana kwakukulu.
Mtundu wa mapulani amasewera oyendetsedwa ndi CIA ku Iran, woyamba wamtundu wake, udzachitikanso kugwetsa maboma omwe akupita patsogolo komanso okonda dziko mtsogolo, makamaka m'maiko ngati Guatemala mu 1954 ndi Chile mu 1973.
Komabe, monga m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino pazida zobisika zotere, F. William Engdahl, akufotokoza, m'ma 1980, mabungwe omwe siaboma adatenga udindo wa CIA pochita izi. Monga Enghdahl akufotokozera:
Panthawi ya Utsogoleri wa Reagan, zonyansa zowononga kwambiri zidayamba kuonekera poyera za ntchito zauve za CIA padziko lonse lapansi. Chile, Iran, Guatemala, polojekiti yachinsinsi ya MK-Ultra, gulu la ophunzira pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya Vietnam kutchula ochepa chabe. Kuti asawawonetsere, Mtsogoleri wa CIA a Bill Casey adaganiza zopatsa Reagan kuti apange bungwe la "NGO" lachinsinsi, mtundu wodula womwe ungawoneke ngati wachinsinsi, koma zoona zake, monga m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa malemu Allen Weinstein adanena. Pambuyo pake kuyankhulana ndi Washington Post, "kuchita zomwe CIA idachita, koma mwachinsinsi." Uku kunali kukhazikitsidwa kwa NGO yotchedwa National Endowment for Democracy [NED] mu 1983. . . .
Kubisala zochita za CIA zotsutsana ndi demokalase zakuda kumbuyo kwa mabungwe omwe siaboma andale omwe akugwedeza mbendera ya "Ufulu Wachibadwidwe" kwakhala kothandiza kwambiri ku Washington yapadziko lonse lapansi yochotsa maboma osagwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. M'malo mwake, CIA yagwiritsa ntchito ufulu wa anthu.
Inali NED yomwe inali yofunika kwambiri pothandizira ndikuthandizira kukonza zigawenga ku Venezuela motsutsana ndi Hugo Chavez mu 2002, kulanda komwe kudali kosakhalitsa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zomwe zidayambitsa chipwirikitichi zinali kuwombera anthu ochita ziwonetsero ndi owombera omwe poyamba ankawaimba mlandu wa Chavistas, koma omwe pambuyo pake adadziwika kuti anali otsutsa. Izi zafotokozedwa bwino mufilimuyi, Revolution Siziwonetsedwa Pawailesi yakanema.
Panthawiyi, pa July 19, 1979, Shah atangochotsedwa ku Iran, Nicaragua yaing'ono inali ndi zigawenga zake, motsogoleredwa ndi a Sandinistas, omwe adagonjetsa wolamulira wankhanza wothandizidwa ndi US, Anastasio Somoza.
Monga tikudziwira, a US, kupyolera mu CIA, adasuntha mwamsanga motsutsana ndi kusintha kwa Nicaragua, kunyamula asilikali akale a National Guardsmen a Somoza, kuwakonzekeretsa ku Contras, ndikuyang'anira nkhondo yankhanza yachigawenga yolimbana ndi Nicaragua yomwe inawononga zomangamanga ndi chuma cha Nicaragua, zomwe zinati. moyo wa anthu 50,000 a ku Nicaragua. Izi zikufanana ndi kufa kwa 2.5 miliyoni ku United States.
Potsirizira pake, mu 1990, anthu a ku Nicaragua, atatopa ndi nkhondo ya Contra war ndi kusokonekera kwachuma, anavotera a Sandinista kuti asiye ulamuliro. Mwachidule, kampeni yachigawenga yaku US idapambana malinga ndi dongosolo.
A Sandinistas anali m'chipululu mpaka 2006 pamene Daniel Ortega adasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti kachiwiri. Ndipo ngakhale ambiri kumanzere adadzudzula Ortega wamkuluyo kuti wasiya mfundo zake zosinthira ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, mfundo zingapo ziyenera kupangidwa pa izi.
Choyamba, ngakhale kuti Ortega wachitapo kanthu kwa anthu amalonda, otsutsa andale okhazikika komanso Tchalitchi cha Katolika, ndingafunse otsutsa ake kuti afotokoze zomwe iye wasankha.
Nicaragua ndi dziko lachiwiri losauka kwambiri ku Hemisphere, zomwe zinali choncho a Sandinista asanatenge ulamuliro mu 1979, ndipo zinali choncho pamene adatenganso ulamuliro mu 2006. Pamene a Sandinista analanda ulamuliro ulendo woyamba, anatengera chuma chimene chinasokonekera ndi kulandidwa ndi Somoza. , dziko lomwe linasiyidwabe ndi chivomezi cha 1972 chifukwa Somoza adalanda ndalama zothandizira yekha m'malo momanganso, ndi dziko lomwe linawonongedwa ndi Somoza yemwe adaphulitsa mabomba ku Managua kuti apitirize kulamulira. Pamene a Sandinista adatenganso ulamuliro kachiwiri, adalandira dziko lomwe likuvutikirabe kuti libwererenso kuchokera kuzaka khumi zankhondo yankhanza ya Contra komanso chifukwa cha ziletso zazachuma.
Panthawiyi, a Sandinistas sanayese ngakhale kuchotsa Nicaragua zinthu zomwe zikutsogolera ulamuliro wakale (monga Cuba idachita pambuyo pa Revolution yake ya 1959) yomwe akuyenera kulimbana nayo. Izi zapangitsa kuti kulamulira kukhala kovuta kwambiri komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri. Koma ngati a Sandinista akanatsutsana ndi zinthu zimenezi, monga ngati mabwanamkubwa ndi Tchalitchi, ndiye kuti akanadzudzulidwa kuposa mmene akuchitira panopa chifukwa chokhala opondereza ndiponso odana ndi demokalase.
Ndipo komabe, pali ena amene amatsutsa kuti, mwanjira ina, a Sandinistas alephera posamanga sosholizimu mโdziko limodzi pamaziko ofooka chotero, mโdziko lokhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zoลตerengeka ndi poyangโanizana ndi chidani chochokera kwa mdani wamphamvu kwambiri mโdzikolo. United States. Musaiwale kuti otsutsa oterowo kaลตirikaลตiri amakhulupirira kuti sosholizimu mโdziko limodzi njosatheka ngakhale mโmikhalidwe yabwino. Mwachidule, a Sandinistas amadzudzulidwa chifukwa chosakwaniritsa zosatheka.
Zonsezi zikutikumbutsa mawu a Michael Parenti mโnkhani yake yosangalatsa yakuti, โLeft Anticommunism: The Unindest Cut":
Ma socialists oyera nthawi zonse amadzudzula Left palokha pakugonja kulikonse komwe amakumana nako. Kulingalira kwawo kwachiwiri kuli kosatha. Choncho timamva kuti nkhondo zoukira boma zimalephera chifukwa atsogoleri awo amadikirira nthawi yayitali kapena kuchitapo kanthu mosachedwa, amantha kwambiri kapena opupuluma, amakani kwambiri kapena amatengeka mosavuta. Timamva kuti atsogoleri achisinthiko akulolera kapena akungofuna kuchita zinthu mwamwayi, ochita zinthu mwadongosolo kapena mwadongosolo, alibe demokalase kapena akulephera kupereka utsogoleri wamphamvu. Koma nthawi zonse atsogoleri amalephera chifukwa saika chidaliro chawo mu "zochita zachindunji" za ogwira ntchito, omwe mwachiwonekere angapirire ndikugonjetsa zovuta zilizonse ngati atapatsidwa mtundu wa utsogoleri womwe ukupezeka kuchokera ku gulu la wotsutsa kumanzere. Tsoka ilo, otsutsawo akuwoneka kuti sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito luso lawo la utsogoleri kuti apange gulu losintha zinthu m'dziko lawo. . . .
Kunena zowona, ma socialists angwiro sakhala opanda zolinga zenizeni zomangira kusinthaku. Asilikali a Sandinista atagonjetsa ulamuliro wankhanza wa Somoza ku Nicaragua, gulu lina la kumanzere kwambiri mโdzikolo linapempha kuti mafakitale akhale ndi antchito enieni. Ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi zida amatha kuyang'anira kupanga popanda kupindula ndi mamanejala, okonza maboma, akuluakulu aboma, kapena asitikali okhazikika. Ngakhale zili zokopa mosatsutsika, syndicalism ya ogwira ntchitoyi imakana zofunikira za mphamvu za boma. Pansi pa makonzedwe otere, kusintha kwa dziko la Nicaragua sikukanatha miyezi iwiri motsutsana ndi kuukira kothandizidwa ndi US komwe kunawononga dzikolo. Zikadalephera kusonkhanitsa chuma chokwanira kuti akhazikitse gulu lankhondo, kuchitapo kanthu zachitetezo, kapena kupanga ndi kugwirizanitsa mapologalamu azachuma ndi ntchito za anthu padziko lonse lapansi.
Panthawiyi, a Sandinistas, mkati mwa zopinga za capitalism yapadziko lonse komanso malamulo osasinthika a physics, achita zinthu zabwino zambiri mkati mwa zomwe zingatheke. Motero, achita zambiri kuti athetse umphaลตi ku Nicaragua, kumanga nyumba za anthu osauka, kulimbana bwinobwino ndi kusadziลตa kulemba ndi kuลตerenga ndi kubweretsa mkhalidwe wodabwitsa wachuma ndi bata mโdziko limene linali losakazidwa ndi nkhondo. Ngakhale ndi New York Times posachedwapa anavomereza kuti โ[m]anthu osauka alionse amene amalandira nyumba ndi mapindu ena a boma amathandiziraโ Purezidenti wa Sandinista, Daniel Ortega.
Wothandizira mgwirizano wanthawi yayitali ku Nicaragua, Chuck Kaufman, posachedwapa anafotokoza mwachidule izi, pofotokoza kuti zochita zoyamba za Daniel Ortega atasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti mu 2006
inali yothetsa fizi za sukulu, kulola ana 100,000 kulowa mโmasukulu amene umphaลตi wawo unawapangitsa kukhala osaphunzira. Izi zidatsatiridwa mwachangu ndi oyang'anira ake kupanga njira yaulere yaumoyo wa anthu kukhala malo olimba omwe amathandizira anthu m'malo mongolemba malamulo omwe odwalawo anali osauka kwambiri kuti atha kudzaza. Gawo laulimi la anthu wamba lidalimbikitsidwanso kuti anthu masauzande ambiri achoke mu umphawi wadzaoneni, makamaka amayi ndi ana.
Nicaragua yosauka inakhala imodzi mwa mayiko oyambirira padziko lapansi kuti akwaniritse UN Millennial Challenge kuti athetse umphawi pakati pa theka ndi 2015. Panjira, boma la Ortega linapeza kukula kwachuma kwa 5% ndipo linapeza kukhazikika kwa ntchito kudzera mu Tripartite Model yotchuka kwambiri Mabungwe ndi mabizinesi akuluakulu adakambirana kuti awonjezere malipiro ochepera pachaka pomwe boma lidalowererapo pomwe magulu awiriwa sanagwirizane. Banki Yadziko Lonse, IMF, ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya onse anayamikira Nicaragua chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ziphuphu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama zothandizira ndalama ndi ngongole. Pomaliza, kutenga nawo mbali kwa amayi a ku Nicaragua pazochitika zaboma ndi zachinsinsi kudakwezera Nicaragua kukhala limodzi mwa mayiko anayi apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi pankhani ya kufanana kwa amuna ndi akazi.
Chifukwa cha zomwe tafotokozazi, Nicaragua yakhala dziko lokhalo la ku Central America lomwe linakhudzidwa ndi nkhondo zankhanza za m'ma 1980 zomwe sizikuthandizira kusamukira kwaposachedwa ku US. Inde, a May, 2016 DNC imelo yotulutsidwa ndi Wikileaks akufotokoza kuti, โAnansi athu a ku Northern Triangle mayiko a El Salvador, Honduras, ndi Guatemala ali mโvuto la chiwawa chosalamulirika. Amayi ndi ana ochokera m'mayikowa akubwera kumalire athu akumwera chakumadzulo kudzafunafuna pothawira. Kwenikweni, palibe amene akuchokera ku Nicaragua. . . .โ
Kuphatikiza apo, Ortega wachita zinthu molimba mtima kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, mwachitsanzo, pomwe adatenga Purezidenti wa Honduras, Manuel Zelaya, pambuyo pa kulanda kwa 2009, komanso pomwe adapereka Miguel D'Escoto kuti akhale kazembe wa Libya ku Libya. UN pamene Libya, pakufa kwake kuchokera ku bomba la 2011 NATO, inalibe woimira UN. Ortega nayenso anasiya kutumiza asilikali a ku Nicaragua kukaphunzitsidwa ku School of the Americas (SOA) atakumana ndi woyambitsa SOA Watch, Bambo Roy Bourgeois.
Ndipo, mpaka zomwe zachitika posachedwa ku Nicaragua, a Daniel Ortega adakondwera ndi kuvomerezedwa kwapamwamba kwambiri. Zowonadi, patangotsala miyezi ingapo kuti zochitika zapano zichitike ku Nicaragua. Ortega anali ndi chivomerezo chodabwitsa cha pafupifupi 80 peresenti!
Tsopano, tikuuzidwa, ndi anthu monga Stephen Kinzer, Amy Goodman ndi angapo a "sosholisti oyera," kuti anthu mwadzidzidzi akuukira Purezidenti Ortega. Ndipo, ena kumanzere aku America akutsutsa kuti tiyenera kulandira ndi kuthandizira kuwukiraku ngati gawo latsopano la kusintha kwa Nicaragua lomwe pamapeto pake lidzabweretsa socialism yeniyeni ku dziko losauka, lakutali.
Ndikhulupirira kuti othirira ndemanga oterowo sangakhale kutali ndi choonadi. Zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano ku Nicaragua si kusintha kwa zinthu, koma kutsutsa kusintha. Ndipo, izi sizowonanso chifukwa pali ena odzitcha okha omwe ali kumanzere omwe akutenga nawo mbali ndikusangalala ndi kuwukiraku, monga Steven Kinzer akutiuza kuti angapo achikomyunizimu ndi Socialist mosadziwa adathandizira ziwonetsero zomwe zidasokoneza Mosaddegh ku Iran.
Inde, mโnkhani yochititsa chidwi yakuti, โMakolo Anga A Contra Akupita Ku Nicaragua Yatsopano 'Yakale': Kodi Nafenso Nafenso?โ, Melissa Castillo akuwonetsa kukayikira kokwanira pa nkhani yomwe ili yonse yokhudzana ndi ziwonetsero ku Nicaragua:
Chinthu chinanso chokayikitsa cha otsutsawa ndikuti akuphatikizapo omwe kale anali a Sandinistas omwe tsopano atembenukira ku Ortega chifukwa cha ziphuphu zake. Izi ndi zosokoneza chifukwa malo owonetsera otsutsa otsutsa sakuwoneka kuti ali ndi magulu a chikhalidwe cha anthu. A Sandinista anamangidwa pa chikhalidwe cha sosholizimu ndipo atsogoleri a panthaลตi ya kusinthako kwakukulukulu anali a Marx. Gulu lomwe likuchita nawo zotsutsa, mwachitsanzo, ndi Sandinista Renovation Movement (MRS). A MRS ndi a Social Democrats omwe adagwirizana ndi mgwirizano wamapiko amanja m'zaka zaposachedwa kuti akulitse maziko awo. Pofika pano, a MRS akuwoneka kuti akukula kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito nsanja yake ku anti-Ortega rhetoric.
Otsatira akumanzere ndi othandizira a Sandinista atha kukhala ndi nkhawa zovomerezeka za Ortega, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti awa ndi anthu omwewo omwe amalumikizana ndi olowera kumanja ndi boma la US kapena kupempha anthu aku America kuti "agawane" zithunzi za chipwirikiti pazama TV. Ndikukhulupirira kuti zodetsa nkhawa zenizeni zikuphatikiza zomwe Ortega wapereka ku mabungwe azidansi mundondomeko yake yazachuma, mphamvu zomwe wapereka ku tchalitchi, kufewetsa kwake ku mfundo za capitalist, komanso chikoka chochulukira cha mabungwe akumayiko akumadzulo popanga zisankho zamagulu aboma. Sizingakhale zokomera anthu akumanzere kulowa nawo mgwirizano wotsogozedwa ndi mabungwe apadera omwe akufuna kukokera ku Nicaragua kumanja.
Chilimbikitso cha ziwonetsero zomwe zachitika pano chinali chilengezo cha Ortega cha pa Epulo 16, 2018 chokhudza kusintha pang'ono kwa chitetezo cha anthu ku Nicaragua komwe kumapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha anthu ku Nicaragua chisawonongeke mchaka cha 2019. Ortega anakana kusintha kwakukulu komwe bungwe la IMF ndi mabizinesi likufuna, ndipo kenako ziwonetsero zinayamba zomwe amalonda adathandizira. Koma, ku mfundo ya Castillo, anthu amalonda akufuna mabala ochulukirapo; mwachiwonekere sichinachirikize zionetsero zopititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Komanso, anali ophunzira aku koleji omwe adasunthiradi ziwonetserozo pamlingo wina watsopano. Koma ophunzira aku koleji sadera nkhawa za kusintha kwachitetezo cha anthu zomwe sizidzawakhudza kwazaka zambiri.
Monga momwe Barbara Moore, yemwe wakhala akuchirikiza mgwirizano kwanthaลตi yaitali ku Nicaragua, anafotokoza mโbuku lake kuti, โKalata Yochokera ku Nicaragua: Chochitika Changozi Chokonzekera Bwino Chikuchitika"
Pa Epulo 19 zionetsero zotsogozedwa ndi ophunzira zidayamba zomwe media Mainstream media and NGOs zapadziko lonse lapansi zingafotokoze ngati zipolowe zochirikiza demokalase. Poyamba panali nkhani zosintha zokhudza chitetezo cha anthu. Pazifukwa zomwe palibe amene anatha kufotokoza, ophunzirawo anali okhumudwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukwera kwa 1% kwa zopereka za ogwira ntchito, kukwera kwa 3.5% kwa zopereka zoperekedwa ndi owalemba ntchito (mโkupita kwa nthawi) ndiponso kutsika kwa phindu ndi 5% komwe kunalinso kusinthanitsa. kuti awonjezere chithandizo chamankhwala. Mfundo zina zomwe boma la Ortega zinakanidwa ndiponso zokomeredwa ndi makampani abizinesi COSEP ndi IMF zinakhudza kuchepetsa kwambiri zaka zopuma pantchito, kuchepetsa mapindu kotheratu (kapenshoni zing'onozing'ono) ndiponso kusungitsa zipatala.
Msilikali wankhondo waku Vietnam komanso womenyera ufulu wanthawi yayitali, S. Brian Willson, yemwe pano ali ku Nicaragua ndipo yemwe adataya miyendo yake pa Seputembara 1, 1987 atakhala panjanji kuti atseke zida zopita ku Central America, adatumiza kalata ya Barbara Moore kwa Kutsutsana Kwambirindi cholemba chomwe chimawerengedwa, moyenerera: โUku ndi kuwunika kwabwino kwambiri kwa kulanda boma ku Nicaragua. Wolembayo ndi Gringo [sic.] yemwe amakhala ku Managua akugwira ntchito panyumba ya Ben Linder yemwe amakhala ku Granada chifukwa tikuzingidwa ndi achifwamba ambiri omwe ali ndi zida ndikutsimikiza ndi thandizo la US." Ndikuwona kuti ndinali ku Nicaragua ndikugwira ntchito yobzala nkhalango ndikuphunzira za nkhanza za malamulo akunja a US panthawi yomwe Brian adataya miyendo yake potsutsa. Kudzipereka kwake kwakukulu kwakhudza kwambiri ambiri a ife, ndipo ndikuwona kuti ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti mawu a anthu ngati Brian Willson sakumveka pa nkhani ya Nicaragua pa nthawi yovuta ino.
Pakadali pano, zomwe tikudziwa ndikuti gulu limodzi la ophunzira lomwe limayambitsa ziwonetsero zomwe zikuchitika pano - Bungwe la Civil Youth Movement (MCJ) โlidapangidwa ndi ndikulandira ndalama kuchokera ku National Democratic Institute (NDI)โ โ ndipo, NDI, pokhala imodzi mwa zipilala zitatu za National Endowment for Democracy (NED) yomwe inagwira ntchito zingapo mobisa za CIA mโma 1980. Poyeneradi, pakati pa 2014 ndi 2017, NED yapereka $ 4.2 miliyoni kwa magulu otsutsa ku Nicaragua ndi cholinga cha "kulimbikitsa demokalase" (aka, "kusintha kwa boma").
Nthawi yomweyo, palibe kukayikira kuti ziwonetserozi, zomwe zidayamba mwamtendere pa Epulo 17, zidakwera chifukwa cha ziwawa komanso kutayika kwakukulu kwa moyo komwe kwachitika kuyambira pomwe ziwonetserozi zidayamba, ndipo anthu opitilira 100 adaphedwa. Komabe, pakhala pali zambiri zabodza zokhudzana ndi zachiwawazi ku Nicaragua komanso m'manyuzipepala aku Western.
Choyamba, pamene muwona chiwerengero cha imfa, udindo wonse wa iwo umayikidwa pamapazi a asilikali a chitetezo ku Nicaragua ngakhale kuti mamembala a chitetezo nawonso akuphatikizidwa m'chiwerengerocho, monganso ochirikiza boma ndi oima pafupi. Zowonadi, m'modzi mwa anthu oyamba kuphedwa paziwonetserozo anali wapolisi, ndipo ambiri aphedwa kuyambira pamenepo - ena kunyumba kwawo. ndipo ngakhale m'nyumba zawo pambuyo poti Ortega adalamula apolisi kuti achoke m'misewu. Koma inu simuuzidwa izi. Inunso simumawuzidwa konse za chowonadi kuti, mpaka pazochitika zaposachedwapa, โapolisi a mโdera la Nicaragua, ndi mapolisi awo aakazi, odziลตa za nkhanza za mโbanja, anaphunziridwa ndi madipatimenti apolisi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo anali otchuka chifukwa cha mbiri yawo ya ubale wabwino ndi anthu.โ
Anzanga ku Nicaragua amandiuza kuti chimene chikuwoneka chokayikitsa nโchakuti ena mwa magulu a ophunzira, okhala ndi zida zankhondo zomangidwa bwino, mwachiwonekere anali okonzekeratu pasadakhale kuyambitsa zipolowe zachiwawa, ndipo mowonekera anagwiritsira ntchito mwaลตi wa zionetsero zotsutsana ndi kusintha kwa chitetezo cha anthu monga zifukwa zoyambira ndi kuyambitsa ziwawa. Monga momwe wothirira ndemanga wina akufotokozera, pamene kuli kwakuti โambiri a malipoti a zoulutsira nkhani asonyeza magulu otsutsa ndi otsutsa kukhala gulu la ophunzira โzachiswe,โ . . . zitsanzo za ziwawa za otsutsa, monga kutsutsa kugwiritsira ntchito โmatope opangira nyumbaโ ndi โmabomba a gasiโ limodzinso ndi kuwotchedwa kwa nyumba za anthu sizinaululidwe kwenikweni ndi mawailesi a kumadzulo.โ
Ndipo, anali ochita zionetsero okhala ndi zida zamphamvu awa omwe adakhala ambiri patatha masiku awiri ziwonetserozo zitayamba. Monga gulu lodziyimira pawokha la media, Tortilla Con Sol, adatero, โkuyambira pa April 19 kupita mโtsogolo, anthu otsutsa monyanyira anabera zionetsero za ana asukulu, kuukira zipatala, maofesi a boma ndi akuluakulu a boma, nyumba za anthu zamitundumitundu, mabwalo a mayunivesite ngakhalenso bwalo la baseball latsopanolo.โ
Kunena zowona, magulu achiwawa omwe akufuna kuti Ortega atule pansi udindo wake wapulezidenti - ngakhale kuti adapambananso pachisankho mu 2016 ndi pafupifupi 70% ya mavoti - akhala akuukira zizindikiro za Sandinista Revolution yomwe idagwetsa. wolamulira wankhanza Anastasio Somoza. Apanso, izi zikuwonetsa maguluwa kukhala otsutsana ndi osintha kuposa osintha.
Mbali ina ya ziwawa zomwe zimanyalanyazidwa kwambiri ndi umboni wamphamvu wa zigawenga (kumbukirani ntchito yayikulu yomwe zigawenga zidachita pothana ndi Hugo Chavez mu 2002) pochita kuphana mwatsatanetsatane komwe pambuyo pake amadzudzulidwa ndi apolisi.
Barbara Moore, potchulapo zazamalamulo zomwe zafotokozedwa mu lipoti la Nicaragua Center for Human Rights, Akufotokoza:
Otsutsawo akuti ndipo akupitiriza kunena kuti apolisi a National Police adagwiritsa ntchito zakupha ndi zakupha, kuwombera mosasankha pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi zida zamoto. Koma izi zikuwoneka ngati zosatheka malinga ndi akatswiri azamalamulo, pafupifupi imfa iliyonse inachitika mwachindunji, mwachindunji, ngakhale mwaukhondo pamutu, pakhosi kapena pachifuwa. Sizimene munthu angayembekezere chifukwa cha nkhondo za m'misewu zodzaza ndi chipwirikiti kapena kuti apolisi akamawombera kuti aphe, amaphunzitsidwa kulimbana ndi gawo lapakati.
Anthu, akunyengedwa ndi malipoti atolankhani, oulutsa nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo moyenerera anakwiyitsidwa ndi kuphanaku kunachitika mโmasabata otsatirawa nโkuyamba kuyenda mโmisewu. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndondomeko yomweyi imadzibwerezanso; kuphedwa kwambiri- nthawi zonse mwamuna, ngakhale kuti zionetsero zoyamba zinali kupezeka ndi akazi. Ozunzidwawo anapitirizabe kuwomberedwa mwatsatanetsatane mโmutu kapena mโkhosi, nthawi zina pachifuwa. Mfundozi, zikutsimikizira zonena za boma zoti anthu achiwembu ndi amene anapha anthu. Pamene chiลตerengero cha anthu omwalira chikuchulukirachulukira, izi sizisintha.
Izi zimatibweretsera kuzungulira kwathunthu ku chidutswa cha Stephen Kinzer The Boston Globe. Kinzer akuyamba gawoli pofotokoza chochitika chachikulu chomwe chawonjezera ku Nicaragua:
Pamene gulu la ziwonetsero zopanda zida lidadutsa pa Bwalo la Dennis Martรญnez ku Managua, Nicaragua, pa May 30, zigawenga zomwe zinali mkati mwa bwaloli zinayamba kuwawombera. Ovulala tsikulo adalowa nawo mndandanda wa anthu pafupifupi 100 omwe adamwalira ndi 1,000 ovulala komanso osowa m'miyezi iwiri yapitayi. Mmodzi mwa anthu amene anakwiya kwambiri ndi munthu amene sitediyamuyo inatchulidwa dzina lake. Dennis Martรญnez ndi wokondweretsedwa kwambiri mwa osewera mpira wa ku Nicaragua, wosafa popanga masewera abwino a Montreal Expos mu 1991. (kutsindika kwawonjezera).
Kenako Kinzer akufotokoza momwe Daniel Ortega akuganiziridwa kuti ndi amene amachititsa ziwawa zomwe zakhala zikuchitika ku Nicaragua, ndikumudzudzula chifukwa chokhalabe "wonyoza" pokana kuti asachoke pa udindo wake wosankhidwa. Panthawiyi, Kinzer akunyalanyaza kutchula momwe magulu otsutsa adawonongera sitediyamu ya Dennis Martรญnez.
Chodabwitsa pa chidutswachi - cholembedwa ndi munthu yemwe adalemba bukuli pakugwiritsa ntchito ziwawa za CIA pochotsa Mohammad Mosaddegh waku Iran - ndikuti Kinzer sayesa ngakhale kudziwa kuti "owombera" osatchulidwawa anali ndani. Ndipo, pomwe amangonena pang'ono pang'ono m'mawu ake omwe amati ndi "magulu ankhondo" a Ortega, samayesa kuwalumikiza ndi kuwombera kowombera pabwaloli. Mwachidule, Kinzer amawunikira tsatanetsatane wofunikira kwambiri wankhaniyo, ndipo ndichifukwa chakuti ndizovuta kwambiri kwa iye pazankho lake lowoneka kuti alimbikitse kusiya ntchito kwa Ortega.
Ngati zigawengazi zili, monga momwe boma la Nicaragua likunenera, gawo la otsutsa achiwawa pofuna kugonjetsa Ortega, ndiye kuti zomwe zikuchitika ku Nicaragua ziyenera kuwonedwa mosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe tikuuzidwa ndi zokonda za Kinzer. Ndipo, ichi ndi chiganizo chokha chomveka. Palibenso cholimbikitsa boma la Nicaragua, patatha mwezi umodzi kuchita zionetsero, kulimbikitsa ziwonetsero komanso kutsutsa powombera gulu la ziwonetsero. Izi zitha kuthandiza okhawo omwe akuyendetsa ntchitoyi, ndipo zathandizadi izi. Zowonadi, Kinzer mwiniyo moyenerera akulozera izi, akumalongosola kuti โ[f]uneral aguba chibaluni kuloลตa zionetsero zatsopano, ndipo akaukiridwa [kachiwiri, sitikuuzidwa ndi ndani], mikwingwirimayo imakula.โ
Ortega, yemwe pakali pano ali ndi ulamuliro wa boma, ali ndi zolimbikitsa zonse kuti mtendere ndi bata zibwerere ku Nicaragua, chifukwa izi zikutanthauza kuti akadali paudindo wake ngati purezidenti. Ndi otsutsa omwe akufunika wosintha masewera - zomwe zingabwere chifukwa cha zochitika zochititsa chidwi monga zomwe zinachitika pa bwalo la baseball pa May 30. Koma zenizeni izi sizikuwoneka kukhala zoyenera kuziganizira ndi omwe ali ngati Kinzer omwe, Zodabwitsa ndizakuti omwe adafuna kulanda boma omwe adalanda Mosaddegh, akuwonetsa m'manyuzipepala zakufunika kolimbikitsa demokalase pochotsa mtsogoleri wosankhidwa.
Zomwe magulu onse angagwirizane nazo ndikuti zomwe zikuchitika ku Nicaragua ndizowopsa, ndipo zimachulukirachulukira tsiku lililonse. Chuma chawonongeka kale pafupifupi $250 miliyoni zotayika- ndalama zochulukira kudziko laling'ono chotere. Ndipo, chiwerengerochi chidzakwera ndithu monga mabizinesi, otenthedwa ndi otsutsa achiwawa, osatsegulanso, ndipo monga zokopa alendo, gwero lalikulu la ndalama za dziko, ndithudi likuuma. Zowonadi, lero, American Airlines yalengeza kuti ikuimitsa ndege zopita ku Managua chifukwa cha ziwawa zomwe zachitika kumeneko.
Palibe amene ali ndi malingaliro abwino omwe angafune izi pamtundu wina - makamaka pa dziko lomwe lavutika kwambiri monga Nicaragua. Ndipo ndikukutsimikizirani kuti ngati Ortega achotsedwa paudindo chifukwa cha ziwawa izi, zotsatira zake sizingakhale, monga ena omwe ali kumanzere angatipangitse kuti tikhulupirire, kuzama kwa demokalase ndi socialism. M'malo mwake, zidzabweretsa kubwereranso kwa ufulu wolamulira, kutha kwa mapulogalamu a chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe apindulira kwambiri osauka ndi kuonongeka kowonjezereka kwa zizindikiro ndi zikumbutso za Revolution yolemekezeka kwambiri ya Sandinista. Zotsatira zake, mwa kuyankhula kwina, zidzakhala zotsutsana. Aliyense amene amadzitcha kuti ndi wamanzere, kapena ngakhale wothandiza anthu, ayenera kutsutsa izi.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama
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Ndinawerenga nkhani ya a Kovalik pa June 12, 2019. Ndakhalanso ku Nicaragua, ngakhale kuti panopa sindikhalapo. Ngakhale zili choncho, ndimasamala kwambiri za dzikolo ndipo ndimayesetsa kukhalabe odziwa zambiri. Sizovuta kumvetsetsa, koma ndikudziwa kuti kusanthula kwa Kinzer kulibe ndipo Kovalik amapanga ndemanga zofunika, zofunika.
Zikomo chifukwa cha nkhani yanu. Zimaganiziridwa bwino komanso zimathandizidwa bwino.
Pepani, koma Ortega ndi oligharch wachinyengo yemwe achifwamba adapha anthu 130 ochita ziwonetsero opanda zida. Izi ziyenera kuthetseratu chithandizo chilichonse kuchokera kumanzere. Ngati izi zimabweretsa ulamuliro womwe umawoneka bwino kumanja kuposa womwe ulipo, ndiye kuti mwina sungalephereke ndipo mlandu ukhoza kuikidwa pa Ortega.
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