Source: Mu Nthawi Izi
Uku ndi kuyankha ku nkhani yachikuto ya magazini ya January Times ya January,"Kodi Ovota a Trump Ndi Chifukwa Chotayika?"
Zikomo posindikiza"Kodi Ovota a Trump Ndi Chifukwa Chotayika?" ndikuthokoza Mindy Isser polemba. Ndikupereka malingaliro osiyana. Cholinga chake ndi kupitiriza kukambirana, osati kuthetsa imodzi.
Youngstown, Ohio anali amodzi mwa madera akuluakulu opanga zitsulo ku United States. Pamene ine ndi Alice tinasamukira m’dera la 1976, ambiri apa anakumbukira kulimbana koopsa kwa a 1937 Kumenya Kwachitsulo Kwaching'ono. Koma mu 2016 Clinton adanyamula Mahoning County (komwe kuli Youngstown) komanso ku 2020 chisankho cha pulezidenti, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka makumi angapo, idafiira.
Chifukwa chiyani antchito ambiri amgwirizano athandizira Trump? Yankho la funsoli likufunika kuyang'ana njira yonse yobwerera ku makontrakitala achitsulo oyambirira omwe adapangidwa ndi Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Kuvomereza kuwiri komwe kunaperekedwa kumapangitsa mabungwe amasiku ano kukhala opanda mphamvu kuletsa kutseka kwafakitale.
Choyamba ndi chiganizo chosamenyeka. chigawo 7 Lamulo la National Labor Relations Act limati (ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe achinsinsi) ali ndi ufulu wotetezedwa kuti azichita nawo zinthu limodzi pofuna kuthandizana ndi kutetezana. Ndi mapangano a mgwirizano, okambidwa ndi mabungwe ndi owalemba ntchito, omwe amaletsa sitiraka ndi zina zachindunji pa nthawi ya mgwirizano. Chilankhulo ichi, chomwe chimabwereranso kumapangano okhazikika a mabungwe a CIO, chimalepheretsa ogwira ntchito zomwe Isser amachitcha kuti"mphamvu pa ntchito. " Monga malemu a Marty Glaberman amanenera, mgwirizanowu umakhala wapolisi wa abwana, atayima pakhomo la fakitale ndikuuza omenya amtchire kuti abwerere kuntchito.
Chachiwiri ndi chigamulo choyenera cha kasamalidwe. Mgwirizano woyamba pakati pa Steel Workers Organising Committee (nthambi ya CIO) ndi US Steel koyambirira 1937 adapatsa kampaniyo mphamvu zokhazokha zowunikira kuti, liti komanso momwe ziyenera kupangidwira. Mu 1980 - monga loya wamkulu wa mgwirizano wa mabungwe asanu ndi limodzi am'deralo, mabungwe angapo achipembedzo, Congressman waku Republican, ndi anthu khumi ndi awiri ogwira ntchito zitsulo, ndinayesa kugwiritsa ntchito lamuloli kuti ndiletse US Steel kusiya malo ake a Youngstown, ndinanena ngati chionetsero. kabuku konyezimira kopangidwa ndi manejala wake wa US Steel kudera la Youngstown. Kabukuka kanalimbikitsa kugwetsa ng'anjo zamoto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo ku Youngstown ndi kumanga ng'anjo zamagetsi kumtsinje. The Bwalo la Apilo lachigawo chachisanu ndi chimodzi adawonetsa mlandu wathu mwachifundo ngati"kulira kwa chigwa cha Mahoning” koma sanapeze mphamvu yalamulo yochirikiza pempho lathu. Chodabwitsa n’chakuti, pamene mafuko ang’onoang’ono ndi akazi anali kuloŵa m’malonda aluso achitsulo, mphero zinatsekedwa.
Maphunziro ndi okonza, ngakhale angapangitse kuzindikira kwakukulu, si njira yothetsera vuto la kuthawa kwa fakitale. Panali ndipo pali njira ina. Ikhoza kutchedwa"zochita zachindunji m'deralo."
John Sargent, pulezidenti woyamba wa 18,000-membala wa SWOC waku Inland Steel ku East Chicago, Ind., amakhulupirira kuti Little Steel strike ya 1937, chimene akatswiri ambiri a mbiri ya zantchito amachilingalira kukhala chigonjetso chowopsa, chinali"kupambana kwakukulu.” Mgwirizanowu sunapambane mgwirizano ku Inland Steel. Chomwe ogwira ntchito adapambana chinali mgwirizano kudzera ku ofesi ya bwanamkubwa waku Indiana kuti kampaniyo izindikire ndikukambirana ndi"Steelworkers Union, ndi mgwirizano wamakampani ndi bungwe lina lililonse lomwe limafuna kuyimira anthu pantchito yazitsulo. Monga John adanena mu 1980, kuyang'ana mmbuyo,
Popanda mgwirizano, popanda mgwirizano uliwonse ndi kampani, popanda malamulo okhudza maola ogwira ntchito, mikhalidwe ya ntchito, kapena malipiro, kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kunachitika. Timalankhula za kayendetsedwe kake ndi mafayilo:"chiyambi cha bungwe la mgwirizano chinali mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa kayendetsedwe ka maudindo ndi mafayilo omwe mungaganizire. John L. Lewis anatumiza okonza ochepa, koma panalibe okonzekera ku Inland Steel. … Okonza migwirizano anali kwenikweni ogwira ntchito m’chigayo amene ananyansidwa ndi mikhalidwe yawo ndipo anali okonzekera kusintha kotero kuti anatengera mgwirizano m’manja mwawo.
John anapitiriza,
Tinadzipezera tokha mapangano okhudzana ndi ntchito ndi malipiro omwe tilibe lero [1980]. Mwachitsanzo, monga chotulukapo cha changu cha anthu mu mphero munali ndi mndandanda wa sitiraka, zigawenga, zotseka, zochepetsetsa, chirichonse chimene anthu ogwira ntchito angaganizire kuti adzitetezere okha zomwe anaganiza kuti akhale nazo. Ngati malipiro awo anali ochepa, palibe mgwirizano wowaletsa kumenya, ndipo amakantha kuti alandire malipiro abwino. Ngati mikhalidwe yawo inali yoipa, ngati sakonda zomwe zikuchitika, ngati akuzunzidwa, anthu omwe ali pampherowo - popanda mgwirizano kapena mgwirizano uliwonse ndi kampani yomwe ikukhudzidwa - akhoza kutseka dipatimenti kapena gulu. a m'madipatimenti kuti adzipezera okha zinthu zomwe adawona kuti ndizofunikira.
Pokhapokha ku Inland Steel, komwe sitinakwaniritse cholinga chake cha pangano losaina, ogwira ntchito adabwereranso kumalo opangira zitsulo."pakati pa kulira kwa chipambano kwa zikwi za antchito osangalala.”
Chinthu chimodzi chomwe chiri chowoneka bwino ndi chakuti"wokonzekera” amene akufuna kulimbikitsa gulu lomwe lingathe kutsutsa mapulani amakampani, ayenera kukhala okonzeka kukhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Monga kale Local 1462 Purezidenti Ed Mann adati,
Muyenera kuyika mizu ngati mukufuna kusintha chilichonse. Simungathe kukhala ngati gulugufe wamkulu, akungoyendayenda ponseponse. …Ndani akudziwa zomwe zidzawapangitse ogwira ntchito kunena,"Izi zakwana!” Koma mfundo ndi yakuti, wina ayenera kukhalapo pamene akunena kuti,"Izi zakwana!”
Ndiye chifukwa chiyani Trump? Lingaliro lomaliza. Ntchito ya mabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi kuteteza malipiro ndi ntchito za mamembala awo, ndipo, ngati n'kotheka, kuwakweza. Anthu a Kumanzere angafune kuti mabungwe ogwira ntchito nawonso alimbikitse socialism. Koma sichifukwa chake mabungwe ogwira ntchito adapangidwa. Wina Local 1462 womenyera ufulu wa mgwirizano, John Barbero, adalimbikira,"Youngstown anafa kwambiri. " Koma kukana kwathu kopitilira muyeso sikunapambane, monganso kukana kofananako ndi US Steel ku Homestead Works yake, pafupi ndi Pittsburgh.
Mawonekedwe a bungwe loyenera kulimbikitsa ndi kuthandizira kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu m'magulu akuluakulu si mgwirizano wamtundu wina wa ntchito kapena mgwirizano wa mgwirizano wa mayiko, koma mgwirizano wa mabungwe ogwira ntchito m'deralo, zomwe ndi zomwe anthu a ku Russia ankatanthauza poyamba. mawu"Soviet.”
""Russia Revolution" Rosa Luxembourg analemba, anali"kuyesa koyamba kwa mbiri yachitsanzo cha sitiraka ya m’kalasi.” Amatsindika kukhazikika kwa kufalikira kopingasa kwa 1905 kunyalanyazidwa kofala ndi mmene nkhani yobweretsera anthu pamodzi kuti achitepo kanthu ingakhale chinthu chimodzi, monga kutalika kwa tsiku la ntchito, pamalo amodzi, ndi chinachake chosiyana kwambiri, monga mlingo wa malipiro, m’malo ena. Iye akugogomezeranso kufunikira kochitapo kanthu mwachindunji pazigawenga zazing'onozi, kuti ogwira ntchito afupikitse maola awo ogwirira ntchito angosiya kugwira ntchito limodzi atagwira maola ochuluka omwe akufuna. (Ogwira ntchito zamatabwa a IWW Kumpoto chakumadzulo anachita ndendende chinthu chomwecho pafupifupi panthaŵi imodzimodziyo.) Chotero Luxemburg inasiyana ndi awo amene, ."m’njira ya gulu la otsogolera,” anayesa kulinganiza sitalaka ya tsiku linalake pa kalendala.
In 1982, pamene ogwira ntchito ankanyanyala ntchito pa Trumbull Memorial Hospital ku Warren, Ohio, tinachita nawo ulendo waukulu wochirikizidwa ndi anthu ambiri ogwirizana nawo ku Mahoning Valley, kuphatikizapo mamembala ambiri a United Autoworkers ochokera ku GM Lordstown. Pamene tikuyenda, tinkaimba kuti:"Warren ndi tawuni ya Union. Sitikulola kuti uliphwasule.” Lonjezo lomwe likupezeka muzochita izi lingathe kukwaniritsidwa pokhapokha chilankhulo chopanda chiwopsezo komanso chilankhulo chovomerezeka chichotsedwa pamakontrakitala a mabungwe.
Mpaka mabungwe ku United States atachotsa ziganizo izi m'mapangano awo, manja awo ali omangidwa. Ogwira ntchito angamve kuti alibe njira ina kuposa kukhulupirira utsogoleri wabodza komanso wodzikonda wa a Donald Trump.
Staughton Lynd ndi loya, wolemba, wolemba mbiri komanso wochita zachilungamo yemwe amakhala ku Youngstown, Ohio.
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