Zipolowe zomwe zikuchitika ku Syria zili ndi zotsatira zodabwitsa pa anthu aku Syria. Kumbali ina, ndi mwayi wosayerekezeka wa maphunziro a ndale komanso kumvetsetsa bwino zochitika za dziko lonse. Kumbali ina, zimakweza mtengo wamunthu pakusintha kwandale komwe kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Syria akulakalaka ndipo kumatha kuyambitsa mikangano yamkati komanso ziwopsezo zazikulu ku bungwe ladziko.
1.
Vuto lapaderali limalola anthu mazana masauzande aku Syria kutsatira ndale kwambiri. Izi zikuyimira chidziwitso chamalingaliro ndi chikhalidwe cha achinyamata masauzande ambiri ndipo izi ndi zothandiza kwambiri ku tsogolo la Syria. Kuwukiraku kungatanthauzidwe ngati kuyesetsa kwakukulu kwa anthu ambiri aku Syria kuti akhale ndi moyo wawo ndikuwongolera ndale, zomwe zikutanthauza kukonzekeretsa paokha komanso kulankhula momasuka komanso kuchitapo kanthu. Zonsezi zinali zitalandidwa ndi kagulu kakang'ono ka ndale komwe kunasandulika kukhala ogwirizana kwambiri zaka makumi anayi zapitazo.
Pali gawo la Promethean pakulimbana kwa ochita zionetsero aku Syria kuti achotse ndale kuchoka pagulu lodzipangira okha komanso kuyesa kukulitsa ndale kwa Asiriya onse. Marx wachichepere, amene anakonda mawu odzikweza, anafotokoza Prometheus kukhala โwofera chikhulupiriro wolemekezeka koposa mโmalemba afilosofi,โ chifukwa chakuti anaba moto wa milungu ya Olympia ndi kuupereka kwa anthu. Milungu inamulanga potumiza ziwombankhanga za Caucuses kuti zigwetse chiลตindi chake kosatha. Monga Prometheus, kuwukiraku kukuyimira kupanduka kopambana kwambiri komwe Syria idadziwika kuyambira pomwe idadzilamulira zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu zapitazo. Monga Prometheus, mkwiyo wa cabal waumulungu umalunjika pa unyinji wopanduka. Ikuphedwa, kunyozedwa, kutchedwa mayina, ndi kunyozedwa ndi magulu ankhondo otsika kwambiri ku Syria.
Koma palibe chimene chidzawabweretsere iwo amene adachita nawo mchitidwe wolemekezekawu waufulu ndipo akumana ndi chisangalalo cha kupanduka, ku kuwonongeka kwa ndale, makhalidwe ndi nzeru zomwe boma lawasungira. Ngati ulamulirowu uli muukapolo ndi kutengera mphamvu, mazana masauzande a Asiriya apanga chizoloลตezi champhamvu chaufulu ndi kupanduka kwapagulu. Ngakhale kuti boma linagwira ntchito kwa zaka theka kuti lichotse chidwi cha anthu a ku Siriya ndi kufalitsa mphwayi pakati pawo, zipolowe masiku ano zikuyimira kubwereza kwakukulu pa ndale komanso kukulitsa chidwi cha zofuna zofanana. Pachifukwa ichi, munthu akuyembekeza kuti kuyesererako kokhudza ufulu kupitilirabe ngakhale kuli koopsa komanso mtengo wake. Nsembe ndi kusadzikonda kumene kumasonyeza kutengamo mbali mโkuukira kumeneku, mkhalidwe wa ubale ndi chidaliro pakati pa anthu, kusakanizika kwakukulu ndi kubwera pamodzi, kuyankhidwa kwakukulu ndi kugawana zowawa, zonse zimapanga chisonyezero chapamwamba cha moyo, chimene sichikhoza kuchitika kaลตirikaลตiri. .
2.
Kuukira kwa Syria kumabweretsa pamodzi zigawo zapansi za gulu lapakati ndikukopa mabwenzi kuchokera kwa ophunzira ndi akatswiri apakati. Imalankhula ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu aku Syria malinga ndi chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, chipembedzo ndi mpatuko. M'lingaliro limenelo, ndi chinthu chapafupi kwambiri ndi "wamba" wa ku Suriya. Zabweretsa pamodzi kuchokera pakati pa Asiriya zomwe sizinasonkhanitsidwepo kale mu ziwerengero, peresenti komanso mu chidziwitso cha umodzi. Kupyolera mu chiganizo chake chapakati masiku ano "Anthu akufuna kugonjetsa boma," ikuyimira zochitika zomwe anthu a ku Syria ali nazo ndipo motero zimapanga kuvomerezeka kwatsopano kozikidwa pa anthu komanso paulamuliro wotchuka.
Kuwukiraku kumenyana, muzochitika zankhanza kwambiri, gulu lazokonda zapadera ndi othandizira awo ochokera m'magulu ena. Awa akuteteza mphamvu zawo zonse ndi mwayi wochuluka. Sangapereke chilichonse kwa Aaramu ena. Iwo alidi mphamvu yowonongeka, kuteteza zakale ndi mphoto ndi maudindo. Ponena za kuwukirako, kumaphatikizapo chigawo chosiyana, chomwe kukongola kwake ndi kupukuta ndizocheperapo kusiyana ndi phata la othandizira omwe adasonkhanitsidwa ndi boma kuti adzinenera kuti ali ndi "anthu" omwe akuchirikiza. Dera la zipolowezo ndi lodziwika komanso lodziwika bwino, mwanjira ina. Mlingo wake wamaphunziro ndi wosiyanasiyana, koma ndi wofunikira kwambiri ndipo umazindikira chilungamo ndi kuponderezana. Chofunikira ndichakuti chipwirikiticho chabweretsa pamodzi, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri yakale ya Syria, unyinji womwe udanyozedwa komanso wolekanitsidwa ndi moyo wapagulu, limodzi ndi magawo ofunikira komanso okhulupirika a achinyamata ndi aluntha ochokera kwa ophunzira apakati. Ponena za eni ake a Mercedese ndi Four Wheel Drives, ambiri mwa magulu awo ali ndi boma.
Kuukira kwa Syria kuli ndi chikhalidwe chokhudzana ndi kalasi chomwe mwina chili chodziwika kwambiri kuposa zomwe zidawonekera mu zipolowe zina za Aarabu. Zinayamba kuchitika pa nthawi yayikulu kwambiri yopezera chuma cha anthu kuti chipindule ndi anthu achinyengo omwe ali ndi ubale wapamtima ndi bungwe lolamulira. Zipolowezo zakhala zikuyang'ana anthu achinyengowo paziwonetsero zake, zomwe zidapangidwa mwa munthu wa Rami Makhluf. Idafalikira m'matauni ndi matauni omwe adasalidwa, kusowa ntchito ndi umphawi kuposa malo ena. Ndi kupanduka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi gulu la mwayi ndi mphamvu. Makhalidwe abwino a chipwirikiti cha Syria ndi kudzudzulidwa kawirikawiri kwa "akuba" m'mawu ake amalozera ku mkwiyo wa anthu womwe wagonjetsa gulu la anthu ogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe akuyamwa magazi ake ndi omwe amanyansidwa ndikuwatsutsa chifukwa cha kubwerera m'mbuyo ndikudziganizira okha ngati. wapamwamba.
Izi ndi nkhani zomwe sizimazindikirikanso ndi kumanzere kwanuko komanso kwa Arabu zomwe zakhala zikukambidwa kwanthawi yayitali munkhani yomwe ikufananiza kumanzere ndi mawu opanda pake okonda dziko omwe m'zaka zaposachedwa apeza dzina losadziwika bwino: Rejectionism (mumana`a) . Izi sizilinso chizindikiro chowoneka bwino cha chizolowezi chakumaloko, chojambulidwa ndi mlingo wa anti-imperialism, womwe umaphimba mikhalidwe yazandale yopititsidwa ndi ziwawa ndi mwayi. Ponena za chikhalidwe chake cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, chasanduka maganizo osauka osakanikirana ndi maganizo a ndale okhudza boma.
Koma izi sizofunika. Chofunika kwambiri ndi mphamvu yomasula ya zipolowe. Palibe Kumanzere, komwe kuli koyenera dzina lake, kudzakula pokhapokha ngati ikugwirizana ndi zipolowezo ndikugwira ntchito yolumikizana ndi mfundo za kufanana ndi ufulu.
Mosiyana ndi zomwe zingawonekere poyambirira, kuwukira kwa Syria sikungokhala kupanduka kwandale. Ndiponso sikumalekezera kwa โomenyera nkhondoโ achichepere ndi anthu andale amwambo amene amangofuna kusintha kwa ndale. Ndi chigawenga chodziwika bwino chomwe chikufuna kusokoneza chikhalidwe cha anthu chomwe chilipo mu mtima mwawo muli dongosolo la ndale, chifukwa chotsatirachi ndi malo a ziwawa ndi kulanda. Ndilonso chitetezo chokhulupilika cha mikhalidwe yomwe gawo lalikulu la opindula omwe gawo lawo limodzi ndilokuti mwina sagwira ntchito, kapena akupeza phindu lalikulu kuchokera kumapulojekiti ndi ntchito zomwe amapeza kudzera mwamwayi ndi kukhulupirika.
Kuwukiraku ndikupanduka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, kuchita bwino kwambiri, motsutsana ndi gulu lamphamvu ndi mwayi. Ichi ndi chowonadi chofunikira. Kupambana kwake kudzawonetsa zolimbikitsa zake zozama za chikhalidwe cha anthu pokhapokha ngati zimamanganso dongosolo la chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi ndale ndi maudindo apamwamba pa ntchito, kuphatikizapo chidziwitso ndi luso, kusiyana ndi chuma ndi mphamvu. Ulamuliro wa Ba`th, kumayambiriro, komanso momveka bwino kwambiri m'ma 1970, unali wozikidwa pa kukhulupirika ndi mphamvu zopindulitsa, ndipo pambuyo pake, ubale wopindulitsa ndi mwayi, zonsezi mopanda ntchito. M'zaka makumi awiri zapitazi za 20th m'zaka za zana lino, mtengo wa ntchito unagwa ndipo chifukwa chake phindu la anthu ogwira ntchito ndi kulemera kwake kwandale ndi chikhalidwe chinachitanso chimodzimodzi. Pamene kuli kwakuti kufunika kwa ulamuliro kunakwezedwa kumwamba ndipo pulezidenti anakhala mulungu woti azilambiridwa ndipo kukhulupirika kwa iye kunali kofunika kwambiri. Mukhabarat, mkono wautali wa olamulira, anali ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu inapanga chuma chake chatsopano; ozembetsa akale ndi ozembetsa mankhwala, kapena mwachidule, amene amaba chuma cha anthu. Awa ali ndi ufulu wochita chilichonse ku Syria ndipo mpaka pomwe palibe mamiliyoni m'dziko lililonse lakumadzulo omwe angalote. M'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka pambuyo pa 2005, adayamba kukonzanso dziko m'chifanizo chawo. Anachoka pa โnkhondoโ yachinsinsi yazachuma, kutanthauza kubera, kuba, kuchita mwachinyengo, nโkuyamba kuchita zimenezi poyera polanda boma ndi kuwoneka ngati zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri. TV yaku Syria, pamakanema ake atatu, idapereka masiku awiri kuti ifotokozere za kusintha komwe kumadziwika kuti ndi nzika yachinsinsi, Rami Makhluf, kuti achite "chifundo".
"Chitukuko ndi zamakono" sizili kanthu koma malingaliro omwe amavomereza chuma cha gulu ili ndi malo awo olemekezeka akuyang'ana chuma cha dziko pogwiritsa ntchito zifukwa za "zofuna zachitukuko ndi kulimbikitsa ndalama." Ponena za chiphunzitso cha Ba`thist, m'mawu ake okanira, chimangokhala chilankhulo ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimathandiza anthu oganiza bwino akudzinyenga okha pamene akuyenda ndi mukhabarat ndikuwonekera pa TV ya ku Syria akupereka ulaliki wokhudza kukonda dziko lawo kwa anthu a ku Syria pamene iwo amakhala nthawi yopuma. hotelo za nyenyezi zisanu pamtengo wa anthu aku Syria. Izi zimafuna kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane, zomwe ndikuyembekeza kuzichita tsiku lina, koma zikuwoneka zomveka m'malingaliro anga kuti kuwukirako ndikuchitapo kanthu pa ndondomeko iyi ya "chitukuko ndi zamakono" ponseponse. Ndondomeko iyi yomwe imaphatikiza utsogoleri wandale wonyansa komanso njira yachitukuko yomwe ili yabwino kwa mizinda ndi olemera, komanso malingaliro amakono omwe amayimira moyo wophatikiza chuma, kudya ndi "kutsegula." Mรฉlange iyi ndi yomwe yawonetsa ulamuliro wa Purezidenti Bashar al-Asad kuyambira pachiyambi.
3.
Mfundo yakuti kuwukirako sikungoyang'ana akuluakulu a ndale okha, komanso maulalo ake a chikhalidwe ndi malingaliro, ndizomwe zimasonyeza khalidwe lozama kwambiri lomwe silikuwonekera poyamba. Ndipo izi ndi zomwe ziyenera kuwonekera kwa anthu ambiri aluntha komanso olimbikitsa ndale kuti akankhire chipwirikiti patsogolo ndikuteteza kusintha kwa ndale komwe kungachitike.
Chotchinga champhamvu cholimbana ndi magulu ampatuko ndicho kuyambika kwa zipolowezo. Nkhani yampatuko siimakhudza zofuna zake, chifukwa imatsutsana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mwayi ndi mphamvu, osati gulu linalake lachipembedzo kapena kagulu kakang'ono. Iyi si nkhani yachidziwitso, koma ya chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kapena tiyeni tinene kuti chikhalidwe cha anthu owukira, chomwe chimatsutsana ndi gulu la mwayi ndi mphamvu zonse, ndizomwe zimatsimikizira chidziwitso chake cha dziko lapansi chomwe chili pamwamba pa mipatuko. Ndichinsinsinso chokopa achinyamata ndi aluntha ochokera m'zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana ndi magulu achipembedzo ku Syria kuti achite nawo ntchito zake. Kapangidwe kameneka ndinso chinsinsi cha kuyandikirana kosaneneka m'magawo ake okhudzana ndi zoulutsira mawu pakati pa anthu azikhalidwe zachisilamu komanso pakati pa achinyamata adziko, kuphatikiza akazi amakono ndi odzisunga. Zimatengeranso kuthekera kwake kupanga lingaliro losinthika komanso lophatikizana lachipembedzo.
Ponena za mgwirizano wa mphamvu ndi chuma, mipatuko, kwa iwo, ikuwoneka ngati njira yoyesedwa yotetezera mwayi ndi njira yotsika mtengo yolamulira. Ndi mphamvu yomwe imalola kugwiritsa ntchito omwe alibe kuti ateteze zinthu zomwe sapindula nazo. Mulimonsemo, zikuwoneka kuti zomwe zimalimbikitsa mipatuko pazochitika za chipwirikiti cha Suriya si mantha opanda nzeru kuchokera ku tsogolo lamdima ngati chikhalidwe cha ndale chikusintha, koma kuopa kutaya mwayi wosayenera. Panonso mpatuko umachokera ku chikhalidwe cha boma, kapena, makamaka, kuchokera kuzinthu zabwino zomwe zimateteza, osati chidziwitso chakale kapena "chosokera". Palibe chabwino chotetezera mwayi kuposa kuwonetsa mikangano pakati pa anthu, ena omwe ndi apamwamba kuposa ena. Mwanjira iyi, zikuwoneka kuti mavuto omwe magulu akuluakulu a Asiriya ali nawo ndi Rami Makhluf, mwachitsanzo, akugwirizana ndi mbiri yake ndi chiyambi chake, osati mwayi wake wapathengo. Koma anthu a ku Siriya anamufotokoza kuti ndi wakuba, chifukwa iwowo ankadziwa mmene anawabera ndi kumugwirizanitsa ndi ulamuliro umene uyenera kuwateteza kwa iye mโmalo mochita zosiyana. Palibe amene analoza ku chiyambi kapena chiyambi chake.
Ndikofunikira kutchula apa kuti zomwe zikufunika kuwonetsa kuya kwa chikhalidwe cha zipolowezo ndizo zomwe zingalekanitse mipatuko ndikulepheretsa zolinga zake zowononga zandale ndi zandale. Mwa izi ndikutanthauza kuwonetsa zolimbikitsa za m'kalasi zomwe zikuthandizira kuwukirako ndikuwulula zomwe zidasintha pakusintha kwachuma ku Syria komwe kunachitika zaka zaposachedwa ndi zaka zambiri. Izi zidzakulitsanso mizu ya zipolowe za ku Syria kotero kuti zisinthe kusintha mawonekedwe a ndale ndikusintha ulamuliro wokha, ndi kuchoka ku chiwonongeko kupita ku kusintha kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi zokhumba za magulu omwe amalephera kutenga nawo mbali. m'moyo wachuma, ndale ndi chikhalidwe. Ngati izi sizichitika, ndipo sizingachitike lero chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mphamvu zomwe zikuyambitsa kuwukirako mozama kwambiri, ndiye kuti kuwukira kwa ndale kumatha kutsatiridwa ndi kuwukira kwa anthu pakanthawi kochepa. Mwinanso kuphatikizika kwa zosowa za anthu zomwe sizikukwaniritsidwa ndi chitukuko chokhazikika pazachuma, komanso kuwonekera kwa m'badwo watsopano wokhazikika chifukwa cha zipolowe komanso kusintha kwa ndale komwe kudzatsatire, kupangitsa kuwukira kwamphamvu komanso kwademokalase. . Nโzovuta kuneneratu zimene zidzachitike mโtsogolo, koma tikulozera zinthu zimene zingachitike nโcholinga choti tidziwe mmene zinthu zilili panopa.
4.
Kutenga nawo gawo kwa achinyamata masauzande ambiri omwe malingaliro awo akukulitsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso omwe akuphunzira zatsopano zamtundu wawo, dziko lawo, nzika anzawo komanso za iwo eni komanso dziko lapansi ndikugulitsa kwakukulu m'tsogolo la dziko. Kufalikira kwa ndale komwe kunabwera chifukwa cha malonjezo a zipolowe kuposa kutha kwa ulamuliro wamasiku ano womwe ukubweretsa chipwirikiti cha ndale, zomwe Syria idakumana nazo pakati pa ufulu wake ndi ulamuliro wa Ba`thist. Ndizotheka kwambiri kuti anthu a ku Syria adzakhalanso gulu lomwe pulezidenti wake wosankhidwa, Shukri al-Quwatly adalongosola mmbuyo mu 1958. Onse ndi ndale, theka ndi atsogoleri ndipo mmodzi mwa anayi ndi aneneri. Chifukwa chake, mbiri yakale iyi yomwe ikulimbikitsa kuwukira kwa Syria iyenera kupanga mgwirizano watsopano kuti ateteze ufulu womwe wapezedwa movutikira womwe ungapezeke pambuyo polimbana ndi zovuta komanso kutsimikizira bata lomwe limalola kusonkhanitsa dziko ndikukhazikitsa miyambo yatsopano yamakhalidwe ndi ndale. Izi zimatibweretsanso ku gawo lomvetsa chisoni la zovuta za dziko komanso mafunso a ndale, zamakhalidwe ndi malamulo omwe amadzutsa. Chiwerengero cha ofera chikhulupiriro chikhoza kukhala choposa ziwerengero zaposachedwa: 1650 [nkhani inalembedwa pa Julayi 7, 2011]. Chiwerengero cha ovulazidwa ndi chokulirapo ndipo chokulirapo ndi cha omwe amangidwa ndi kuzunzidwa mwankhanza. Zonsezi sizongowononga miyoyo yamtengo wapatali ya anthu, kapena mndandanda wa masoka osaiwalika kwa mabanja ambiri, komanso kuwononga zomwe Syria ikutanthauza ndi momwe timalankhulira ngati dziko, anthu ndi boma.
Chifukwa chake, kuyankha kwachigawenga ku kuwukira kwa Syria, komwe upandu wake ukuphatikizidwa ndi momwe zimawonekera komanso zowonekera, zimadzutsa nkhani ya chilungamo, kuyankha mlandu komanso udindo. Kodi ndimotani mmene awo amene anapha kapena kulamula kuphedwa kwa mazana, kapena mwinamwake zikwi za Asiriya angaimbidwe mlandu? Ndipo amene anazunza ndi kulamula kuti azunze? Asanakhale ufulu wovomerezeka wa mabanja a ozunzidwa, ndi ufulu wa dziko lenilenilo. Komabe, dzikoli silingathe kuchiza ndi ziwawa zambiri, magazi ndi kupha pansi padenga lake. Koma kodi kuumirira kuti chilungamo chichitidwe kumasemphana ndi zofuna za mgwirizano wa dziko? Kodi pali njira yopezera chiyanjanitso cha dziko popanda kulanga opha? Kodi pali chilungamo chapamwamba chomwe chikugwirizana ndi kupulumuka kwa dziko ndi anthu omwe ayenera kukhala woweruza pankhani ya chilungamo? Funso lomalizali litha kukhala limodzi mwamafunso ofunikira mu ndale za Syria posachedwa. Chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimalungamitsa kupereka chilungamo chachiweruzo chifukwa cha chidwi cha dziko ndi chiyanjanitso ndikusintha ulamuliro ndikumanga Syria yatsopano komanso yabwino.
5.
Zikuoneka kuti Syria yatsala pang'ono kubweretsa mbiri yatsopano. Izi zimabweretsa mafunso ovuta omwe alibe mayankho otsimikizika. Mkhalidwe umenewu ndi umodzi mwa matanthauzo a ufulu; mafunso ambiri ndi mavuto ndi mayankho ochepa ndi mikhalidwe yokhazikika. Zosankha zambiri ndi zododometsa zambiri, koma kutsimikizika kochepa. Nthawi ina idzadutsa asanapeze mgwirizano woyenerera waluntha, chikhalidwe ndi mabungwe.
Nkhaniyi idalembedwa kumapeto kwa Juni ndikusindikizidwa mu Chiarabu mu al-Adab,pa. 7-9, 2011. Linamasuliridwa ku Chingerezi ndi Jadaliyya akonzi.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama