Gwero: Counterpunch
Zaka zoposa zana zapitazo, Henri Fayol'ndi wankhondo kwambiri ngati si waulamuliro Mfundo khumi ndi zinayi za kasamalidwe - kugawikana kwa ntchito, ulamuliro, mwambo, umodzi wa malamulo; esprit de corps, etc. - kusuntha kayendetsedwe ka fakitale pafupi ndi kuzindikira chomwe kasamalidwe kwenikweni ndi.
Kuposa Fayol, anali wogulitsa mafuta a njoka Frederick Taylor omwe adaumba malingaliro athu pakuwongolera. Kupititsa patsogolo kuvomerezeka kwa utsogoleri pa ogwira ntchito, osasintha of Management Studies idakhala lingaliro lothandizira lothandizira anti-democratic authoritarianism, osachepera maphunziro. Utsogoleri udapeza kuvomerezeka kochulukirapo monga mutu wa crypto-scholarly wa Maphunziro a Management anakhala gawo la masukulu a zamalonda zogwirizana ndi mayunivesite.
Ndicho, Maphunziro a Management adapanga malingaliro oyerekeza kukhala ofanana ndi maphunziro enieni monga geology, masamu, filosofi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Zambiri mwa izi zidachitika ngakhale ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kafukufuku wowongolera ambiri ndi zinyalala. Ena amati nโchimodzimodzi ng'ombe, monga momwe Spicer akulembera m'buku lake Business Bullshit.
Mwina choipitsitsa kuposa kukhala zinyalala ndi ng'ombe chikutchedwa chopanda ntchito. Kufufuza mwachangu kwambiri kukuwonetsa momwe kusakwanira pafupifupi zonse zomwe Management Studies imapanga zilili. Mwachitsanzo, pofika 2015 panali mapepala 115,000 otsogolera omwe adasindikizidwa kuyambira 1990 - chaka. Bill McKibben adalemba ntchito yake yayikulu Mapeto a Chilengedwe. Ndi 328 okha kapena 0.28% omwe adakhudzidwa kusintha kwa nyengo. Mwanjira ina, za Management Studies "ndi" chithunzi cha 21st zaka zana alibe gawo konse. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa mapepala 222,500 otsogolera, bizinesi ndi zachuma 292 okha ndi omwe amakhudzidwa ndi Mavuto a Zachuma Padziko Lonse (GFC), m'maperesenti: 0.13%. Mwanjira ina, Maphunziro a Management adaphonya bwato nthawi yayikulu, kwinaku akudzisindikiza kukhala osafunikira.
Palibe njira yabwinoko yosonyezera kuti ndinu osafunikira kuposa kukhala ndi 0.28% ndi 0.13% ya mapepala anu osindikizidwa pa nkhani ziwiri zofunika kwambiri zazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, GFC ndi kutentha kwa dziko. Mwachidule, zofalitsa zambiri mu Management Studies zili ndi mphamvu zochepa kapena zilibe kanthu. Kubisa kusazindikira kwake, Maphunziro a Management amatsatira mfundo za zotsatira zake kuyambitsidwa ndi kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa ndi oyang'anira mayunivesite ndi zida zake.
Koma ichi ndi chiyambi chabe cha ulendo wolephera, kusachita bwino komanso ma pathologies a Management Studies. Mu 2010, Harvard Business School's Amy Cuddy adasindikiza pepala lomwe likunena kuti munthu akhoza, potengera mawonekedwe awiri osavuta a 1-min, amakhala ndi mphamvu ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala wamphamvu kwambiri. Ndi lingaliro loti limasintha malingaliro, Nkhani za TED anali otsimikizika komanso momwemonso mawonekedwe ake The New York Times, zomwe zinkamutenga ngati katswiri wa kanema waku Hollywood. Zachidziwikire, anali ndi buku lomwe lili ndi ndemanga zabwino patsamba la Amazon. Pali vuto limodzi lokha laling'ono. Kafukufuku yemwe adayambitsa kuwonetseredwa konseku adatsatiridwa ndi gulu lina la ofufuza omwe ali ndi chitsanzo chachikulu kasanu kuposa choyambirira. Sizinapeze zotsatira zilizonse zomwe zidanenedwa. Kutsiliza: Ntchito ya Cuddy si kanthu koma chinyengo, chinyengo ndi kafukufuku wopanda tanthauzo.
Komabe kukopa koteroko kwa atolankhani ndikokometsera kapena bwino kugonana monga Tony Blair anganene ndi zomwe zapezedwa zaposachedwa zitha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zamaphunziro. Munthu wina yemwe adagonana ndi zomwe adapeza komanso ntchito yake nthawi yayitali isanathe kugonana anapangidwa sanali wina koma wochirikiza wamkulu wa Management Studies, Frederick W. Taylor. Ngakhale lero, Taylor amalemekezedwa mkati mwa Management Studies chifukwa adachepetsa ogwira ntchito kukhala ziwalo za thupi. Kwa ogwira ntchito, malingaliro otsogolera a Taylor ndi akuti wogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi malingaliro a ng'ombe ndi kuti iye ndi wopusa kuti mawu peresenti alibe tanthauzo kwa iye. Izi sizingakhalenso zowonetsera poyera zomwe Management Studies ikuganiza za ogwira ntchito (Mabwana Akuluakulu aphunzira kukhala ochenjera komanso achinyengo) koma amachitira umboni ku lingaliro lokhazikitsidwa ndi Taylor lomwe likupezekabe m'magawo a Management Studies.
Kuyang'ana mozama kwa wodzipangira yekha wotsogolera kukuwonetsa kuti wogulitsa mafuta a njoka Taylor anali wongopeka kuposa kungopanga zongopeka chabe. Ngakhale zonsezi, Taylor adadziwika. Pofika koyambirira kwa 2021 Google-Scholar adalemba nyimbo zokwana 174,000 pa "Frederick Taylor Scientific Management". Buku la Taylor Kasamalidwe ka Sayansi ikupereka zochulukirapo kuposa njira yasayansi yodziwika ndi akatswiri monga kujambula zithunzi kuchokera mumpweya woonda. Apanso mbuye wa pseudo-academic bullshit adakhazikitsa mutu womwe ukungochitikabe mu Management Studies.
Ponseponse wamkulu wa kasamalidwe ka sayansi anali ndi ubale wopanda pake ndi zowona zomwe zidapangitsa kuti izi zibwere mu Management Studies. Ndipo ngati mungadabwe chifukwa chake kasamalidwe gurus akutchedwa gurus? Ndi chifukwa, monga Peter Drucker Nthawi ina, akatswiri ena azamaphunziro satha kutchula mawu charlatan. Chotsatira pamzere wotsatizana ndi chimodzimodzi kulemekezedwa ndi Elton Mayo ndi kuyesa kwake kwa Hawthorn. Mu 1928 ndi 1929 adakhala masiku asanu ndi limodzi pamalo oyesera.
Pakuyesa, deta yotsutsa idatayidwa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuzunza zowona mpaka iwo avomereza. Izi ndi zina zomwe Mayo wamkulu adachita pophwanya ma protocol oyambira kwambiri. Chabwino, pamapeto pake kugwiritsa ntchito modabwitsa kwa data kunamufikitsa zomwe amafuna - kutchuka ndi mwayi. Pambuyo pake, Mayo ndi anzake adasunga deta yawo kwa zaka zambiri - pazifukwa zomveka.
Komabe, monga Frederick Taylor, Elton Mayo anali ndi chiyanjano chopanga umboni wotsimikizira kuti afotokoze mwaulemu. Zomwe zidakhala zofunikira ku Management Studies sizinali zoyeserera zasayansi koma zonena zazikulu - chiwonetsero chamasewera. Nโzosadabwitsa kuti mโmasukulu ambiri a zamalonda, palibenso zambiri zimene zimaperekedwa pa nkhani ya kafukufuku. Kaya ndi kafukufuku wolakwika kapena wopanda, zolemba zambiri za Management Studies zimangowonetsa zodziwikiratu. Zotsatira zake, zolemba zochulukirachulukira zikuphatikizidwa pakuwunika pang'ono kwazinthu zobisika za magwiridwe antchito olimba kapena oyang'anira ndikupatula dala nkhani zamakhalidwe, ndale komanso chikhalidwe chanthawi yathu.
Kuchepetsa Kufunika Kwambiri
chimodzi maphunziro oyang'anira adavomereza poyera, mochulukira, zikuwoneka kuti timadzilembera tokha komanso mafuko ang'onoang'ono omwe timawadziwa bwino kwambiri ndipo takhala tikuchulukirachulukira kwa mankhwala osadalira omwe amadziwonetsa ngati njira yabwino kwambiri., mu "Maphunziro a Utsogoleri mu Mavuto - Chinyengo, Chinyengo ndi Kafukufuku Wopanda Tanthauzo ", Dennis Tourish akuti, kupanga chidziwitso chopanda ntchito kumafanana ndi kupenda nyenyezi kuposa zakuthambo. Osakhumudwitsidwa ndi kupanda pake kwa zonsezi, zambiri mwa zinyalalazi zimadziwitsa chiphunzitso cha Management Studies (BA, MBA, PhDs) - onse akukankhira malingaliro a mbali imodzi a dziko la ntchito - dziko la kasamalidwe, atsogoleri amakampani, CEO ndi makampani.
Si zachilendo, komabe, zambiri zomwe zimatchedwa kafukufuku zomwe Management Studies zimapanga zimasonyeza kukondera kumeneku. Mwachitsanzo, sizachilendo kupeza kuti zolembedwa munkhani kapena dissertation ya PhD mu Management Studies ili ndi mpaka 60% ya mawu ake ochokera kwa oyang'anira akuluakulu; 25% idachokera kwa oyang'anira ena; mawu amodzi kuchokera kwa wogwira ntchito, awiri kuchokera kwa makasitomala ndi 23 kapena 12.5% โโkuchokera ku mawu ena. Kutsatira njira zamabizinesi, ndithudi, kumatsimikizira kuti ophunzira akusukulu zamabizinesi amakhala olimbikitsa omwe amalipidwa pazantchito - mfuti zaganyu - m'malo mofufuza chowonadi. Kuyang'ana gawo limodzi pamakampani ndi mabungwe omwe amathandizira capitalism yamakampani kumayambitsa, mwina, mavuto anayi a Management Studies, omwe motero.
1. amanyalanyaza mavuto omwe akukakamizika monga kutentha kwa dziko;
2. Kulephera kufikira anthu ambiri;
3. Amalemberana okha; ndi
4. akuwona kufunika kwake molingana ndi momwe angathandizire chigawo chimodzi cha bungwe (kasamalidwe).
Ngakhale - ndithudi, nthawizonse - "kuchoka" mkonzi wamkulu [werengani: mlonda wamkulu] m'modzi mwa oyang'anira magazini otchuka kwambiri, Maphunziro a bungwe, adadandaula chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha kafukufuku wochuluka wochitidwa m'munda. Ndiko kuti, kusindikiza pazofuna zake zomwe zimatsogolera ku kafukufuku wofalitsidwa kwambiri. Masewera osindikiza mu Management Studies amakhudza kuchuluka, osati mtundu. Chifukwa chake, zikuwonetsa ma pathologies anayi:
1) nkhani zofalitsidwa nthawi zonse zimatulutsa zopanda pake;
2) zolemba sizinalembedwe bwino;
3) zolemba ndi zazitali-mphepo; ndipo potsiriza;
4) zolemba zilibe chidwi ndi anthu.
Izi zimathandizidwa ndi osasintha kuti kusindikiza kumawonedwa ngati masewera opangidwa kuti awonjezere masanjidwe, ofunikira pakukonza ntchito zamaphunziro koma zonsezi zilibe tanthauzo ndi phindu. Zambiri mwa izi ndi turbo-charge by mapulogalamu aku yunivesite kulimbikitsa chidwi chokulirapo pakuyesa, kuyang'anira, kufufuza ndi kusanja mayunivesite, masukulu abizinesi, magazini ndi mapepala apaokha. Mwachiwonekere, kukula kwa kafukufuku kungayambitse kuchepa kwa chikhulupiriro cha bungwe chomwe sichikudetsa nkhawa kwambiri ku yunivesite. munchkins za Managerialism. Monga momwe njira zodzitetezera zakudzudzula - nthawi zonse muziimba mlandu ena chifukwa cha zolephera zanu.
Choipa kwambiri, pamene mphamvu za utsogoleri zikuchulukirachulukira, momwemonso chiyeso chogwiritsa ntchito njira zachipongwe, zopezerera anzawo komanso zapoizoni pafupi ndi kutulutsa zofalitsa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira nthawi zambiri ndi cholinga chokhacho chowunikira, kugawa ndi kuyiwalika pa nthawi yotsatila. kuzungulira kwa kafukufuku. Kupitilira apo, masukulu abizinesi omwe akufuna kukweza masanjidwe a mapulogalamu awo a MBA nthawi zonse amalimbikitsa luso lawo kuti liziyika patsogolo zofalitsa m'magazini olembedwa mu Financial Times pamwamba makumi asanu. Komabe chinsinsi chachikulu chomvetsetsa zonsezi ndi china chake. Dongosolo la kuchuluka kwa manambala amalola: Oyang'anira mayunivesite kuti awunikire mtundu wa pepala popanda kugwira ntchito yotopetsa ya kuiwerenga.
Mbali zina ziwiri ziyenera kukumbukiridwa pa izi. Choyamba, mawu oti "ubwino" mkati mwake ndi osamveka komanso okayikitsa. Zitha kusonyeza kutchuka, kutanthauza mpikisano wokongola. Koma sikuti zimasonyeza khalidwe. Chachiwiri, vuto lenileni kwa oyang'anira - omwe tsopano asintha zida mu yunivesite ya neoliberal - sikuti sakuyeneranso kuwerenga. Koma ngakhale atayang'ana zolemba zomwe zasindikizidwa, sayenera kumvetsetsa zomwe akunena.
Kwa akatswiri amaphunziro, zambiri mwazomwe zimachitika ndi gobbledegook zimatanthawuza kugwirizana ndi masewera a ndale osindikizidwa mu "zamanja" (zolemba zinayi zapamwamba za US). Pafupifupi wophunzira aliyense pasukulu yabizinesi amatha kusokoneza mayina a magazini omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi "zolemba zapamwamba" pomwe satha kukuuzani zomwe "pamwamba" zikutanthauza kupitilira kulembedwa pa ena. dodgy kusanja malo.
Kuyang'aniridwa, kuyang'aniridwa ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mosamalitsa ndi ma apparatchiks aku yunivesite, ophunzira a uinjiniya wa PhD ndipo pambuyo pake ophunzira amayendetsa kuzinthu zamatsenga ndipo zikhulupiriro zopanda nzeru izi zayamba kuumba mapulogalamu ofufuza, kupereka ndalama zofunsira ndi mitu ya PhD. Masiku ano, kusankha mutu wa PhD kumatanthauza kupita ndi kukoma kwa mwezi kuti wina usindikizidwe m'magazini apamwamba ochepa. Anthu ena akhoza kutcha zonsezi "masewera". Ena anganene kuti ziphuphu. Mfundo yakuti kuchita zinthu mwachinyengo kumeneku sikukhudzanso anthu a m'mayunivesite.
Komabe kuyang'ana kwa gawo limodzi pa zofalitsidwa m'mabuku angapo osankhidwa kumakhala ndi zotsatira zina, mwina zofunidwa. Masiku ano, mabuku ayamba kuonedwa ngati Regalmรผll - ndiko kuti, zinyalala za alumali. Sikuti ofalitsa amaphunziro angoyamba kusintha pulogalamu yawo yosindikiza kupita kuzinthu zomwe si zamaphunziro koma mabuku abwino sakulembedwa komanso kusindikizidwa. Ndi chiyani mabuku abwino zimene zinaumba umunthu wamakono? Maphunziro oyang'anira apangidwa kuti asapange china chonga ichi The Origin of Species, Critique of Pure Reason, Das Kapital, The Second Sex, A Short History of Time, etc.
Maudindo onsewa (ndi mazana angapo ena) ndi ovuta komanso ovuta kuwapeza mkati ndi kunja kwa yunivesite ya neoliberal. Chofunikira masiku ano ndi nkhani yamawu a 7,500 mosamalitsa kutsatira njira yolemetsa komanso yodetsa nkhawa ya "Introduction, Theory, Method, Finds, Conclusion". Zinthu zamarobotizi zimakumbutsa m'modzi wa wolemba sewero waku Czech Mbiri ya Karol ฤapek ntchito - ntchito yokakamiza. Zolemba zamaroboti zimasindikizidwa m'magazini a obscurantist omwe ndi olemekezeka kwambiri komanso osawerengedwa ndi aliyense kunja kwa gulu laling'ono la ophunzira. Monga momwe zimakankhidwira ndi Management Studies, izi ndi zomwe zimakhudza fetishism imatanthawuza zotsatira zake zomaliza. Anthu amapita mumphika wambiri. Amaperekedwa nsembe pa guwa la nsembe Utsogoleri.
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