Poyesetsa kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ndale chifukwa cha kukhumudwa ndi nkhondo yoopsa ku Iraq, olamulira a Bush ayamba "kuchepetsa" kulosera kwawo pazomwe zingatheke pansi pa ulamuliro wa US. Valani magalasi adzuwa ndikukhala pampando wanu: Akuluakulu aku US tsopano akunena kuti "sakuyembekezeranso kuwona demokalase yatsopano, makampani odzithandizira okha, kapena gulu lomwe anthu ambiri alibe chitetezo chokwanira. kapena mavuto azachumaโ (Washington Post, 8/14/05 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/13/AR2005081300853.html). Ayenera kuti adaphatikizapo njira zothandizira zaumoyo, kupezeka kwa madzi amchere, ndi gridi yamagetsi yokonzedwanso, chifukwa izi zikuwoneka ngati "zosatheka" pansi pa ntchito zakunja. Komabe, tiyenera kuwayamikira chifukwa cholankhula mosapita m'mbali, ndi kuvomereza kuti mwina akukana kuvomera kwina kuti akawunikenso mtsogolo.
Akuluakulu aku US akadakhala kuti akugona bwino posachedwapa ndipo mwezi ukanakhala m'nyumba ina, akadasinthanso zolosera zapakhomo, ndikuvomereza kuti anthu omasuka ku US sangachitikenso m'tsogolomu. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi "gulu laufulu" ndikutanthauza lomwe limathamangitsidwa ndi magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, zowonetsetsa kudzipereka ku ufulu wa anthu, kuphatikizapo ufulu wotsutsa, ndi kuchotsedwa pa intaneti yachiwawa yapadziko lonse yolukidwa ndi malonda a zida ndi kulimbikitsidwa ndi nkhondo. Umboni watsopano komanso wokhutiritsa woti tikuchoka ku gulu lotereli udabwera kwa ife Lachisanu, Ogasiti 12, pomwe Woweruza wa Federal John Bates adaweruza mlandu wa US Treasury Department motsutsana ndi Voices in the Wilderness (VitW), kampeni yochokera ku Chicago. kuthetsa nkhondo ndi chilango chotsutsana ndi Iraq. Poweruza mokomera wosuma mlandu, a Judge Bates adavomereza chindapusa cha US Treasury cha $20,000 motsutsana ndi VitW, chindapusa chonyamula "mankhwala ndi zoseweretsa" kupita ku Iraq "chilolezo chosowa kapena chilolezo china" (DOT kalata yopita ku VitW, 11/04/02 (http://vitw.org/archives/576).
Panopa tikukhala mโdera limene lamulo la dzikolo limati kupereka mankhwala a asipirin ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo ku chipatala cha ana kumene ana akumwalira ndi matenda otsegula mโmimba ndi mlandu. Momwemonso kupereka pulasitiki harmonica kwa mwana wodwala khansa ya m'magazi. Ndipo pali oweruza a feduro omwe amatsitsa gavel pansi ndi kusaina pamadontho.
Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) ndi malo odziwika bwino ku US DOT omwe ali ndi udindo wokakamiza kutsatira malamulo a zilango ku US. Simunamvepo za OFAC? Malinga ndi Mtsogoleri wawo, Richard Newcomb, "ntchito yayikulu ya OFAC ndikuwongolera ndikukhazikitsa zilango zachuma motsutsana ndi mayiko omwe akuyembekezeredwa, magulu ndi anthu, kuphatikiza zigawenga ndi mabungwe azigawenga ndi ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zikuwopseza chitetezo cha dziko, mfundo zakunja kapena chuma. ya United StatesรขโฌยฆOFAC pakadali pano ikuyendetsa ndikukhazikitsa mapologalamu 27 a zilango pazachumaโ (Nkhani ya Senate, 4/29/04). Ngakhale wina angadabwe kuti kusonkhanitsa kwamankhwala ndi zoseweretsa komanso kutumiza kwawo ku zipatala ndi zipatala zosowa ku Iraq kuli "chiwopsezo" ku "chitetezo cha dziko" la US, sizongopeka kuti izi zidawonedwa ngati "zowopsa" ku US "zachilendo". ndondomeko" ku Iraq.
Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, Voices in the Wilderness idakhala ndi ubale wolimba ndi OFAC. Pa Januware 15, 1996, m'kalata yopita kwa Loya wa Chigawo cha US panthawiyo Janet Reno, oyambitsa VitW adalengeza cholinga chawo chobweretsa zinthu zachipatala ku Iraq motsutsana ndi kuletsedwa kwachuma ndi zotsatira zake zankhanza. "Ife omwe adasaina tikufuna kuphwanya mwadala zilango za UN / US motsutsana ndi anthu aku IraqรขโฌยฆSitingathenso kuchita nawo zakupha m'chipululu." Iwo anapitiriza kuitana Mayi Reno โmu udindo wake monga woyangโanira chilungamo ku United States, ndiponso [mโ]kudera nkhaลตa [kwawo] ana amene ali ozunzidwa kwambiri ndi chiletso, kuti agwirizane nafe pouza boma la United States kuti lichotse chiletso chimenechi. , zomwe mโzotulukapo zake zenizeni ziri zachisembwere ndi zosalungamaโ (http://vitw.org/archives/364#Reno).
Janet Reno sanayankhepo kalatayo, ndipo mwachidziwitso changa sanavomereze pempho lotsutsa chiletsocho, koma patatha sabata, pa January 22, VitW inalandira kalata ndi fax kuchokera ku OFAC. OFAC imakhazikitsa malamulo okhazikitsidwa pansi pa International Emergency Economic Powers Act, yomwe imati, mwa zina: "Ndi lamulo la United States, kuti pakugwiritsa ntchito Asitikali aku United States kuchita ziwawa zolimbana ndi dziko lililonse lakunja, Purezidenti adzafuna, ngati kuli koyenera - (1) kufunafuna kukhazikitsa chiletso pazachuma cha mayiko ena; ndi (2) kufunafuna kulanda chuma chake chakunjaโ ( Mutu 50, Mutu 35, Gawo 1707 http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode50/usc_sec_50_00001707โ-000-.html). Executive Order 12722, yomwe idasainidwa ndi George HW Bush pa Ogasiti 2, 1990, idachita izi, ndipo pa Januware 18, 1991, tsiku lomwe asitikali aku US adayambitsa Gulf War, OFAC idasindikiza malamulo aku Iraq Sanctions Regulations, omwe adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane ndikulemba phukusi lonse. zoletsa zokhudzana ndi Iraq, njira yoperekera zilolezo pazosiyana, ndi zilango zophwanya malamulo.
Kalata ya OFAC ya Januware 22 yopita ku VitW idafotokozanso zofunikira za malamulo aku Iraq Sanction Regulations: kutanthauza, kuletsa "kuyenda" komanso kutumiza kunja kwa "katundu, ntchito, kapena ukadaulo ku Iraq." Kupatulapo, idati, idaloledwa pamlandu ndi milandu chifukwa cha "zithandizo zamankhwala zoperekedwa," zovomerezeka ndikuloledwa pasadakhale. Pozindikira kuti inalibe ntchito pafayilo, OFAC idachenjeza VitW kuti "aleke kuchita nawo zinthu zilizonse zosaloledwa zokhudzana ndi kutumiza zinthu zachipatala ndikupita ku Iraq." Monga chilimbikitso cha kutsatiridwa koteroko komanso kuti zikhale zomveka bwino komanso zowonekera bwino, idanenanso "Zilango zaupandu chifukwa chophwanya Malamulo zimafikira zaka 12 m'ndende ndi chindapusa cha $ 1 miliyoni. Zilango zaboma zofikira $250,000 pakuphwanya zitha kuperekedwa ndi OFAC. โ
Ngati "chenjezo"li lidapangidwa kuti lichotse VitW, zidalephera. Pakati pa 1996 ndi Marichi, 2003, VitW idapanga nthumwi zopitilira makumi asanu ndi awiri ku Iraq, iliyonse ikuphwanya zilango. Mwachidule, uku kunali kuyesa kukonza zochitika zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuzunzika ku Iraq. Sizinachitikepo, koma nthumwi iliyonse idachitira umboni ndikulemba zomwe zikuchitika ku Iraq, kutumiza malipoti akunja, nkhani, zithunzi, zaluso, nyimbo, ndi ziwonetsero zina za zotsatira za nkhondo ndi zilango. Idafuna, mbali imodzi, kuti amange milatho ndi ma Iraqi wamba, ndipo inayo kuti athandizire kumanga mlandu wotsutsana ndi zilango zomwe zingachitike.
Pa Disembala 3, 1998, OFAC idatumizira VitW chidziwitso cha "Pre-Penalty", kufotokoza masiku ndi kuphwanya malamulo a Iraqi Sanctions Regulations, ndikupereka chilango cha $120,000. Mlanduwu udakhala chikomokere kwa zaka pafupifupi zinayi, mpaka, panthawi yachipwirikiti yomwe ikubwera ku Iraq, OFAC idapereka chilango chenicheni kwa VitW pa Novembara 4, 2002, kutsitsa chindapusa kukhala $ 20,000 chifukwa idakhudzidwa ndi lamulo loletsa chitetezo ku zophwanya zingapo zapaulendo mu 1996. Masiku asanu ndi anayi m'mbuyomo, VitW idachita nawo gawo lalikulu pakukonza ziwonetsero zapadziko lonse zotsutsana ndikukonzekera nkhondo. Mamembala a VitW adatanthauzira kudzutsidwa kwadzidzidzi kwa mlanduwu ngati kuyesa kuletsa kusagwirizana.
Poyankha OFAC, VitW idati: "Sitiyenera kupempha chilolezo kuboma kuti tiziyendera ndi kusamalira odwala, ngakhale atakhala kuti, monganso momwe amayi samayenera kupempha chilolezo kwa amuna kuti akhale ndi ufulu wovota, kapena Anthu aku Africa aku America akuyenera kupempha chilolezo kwa Azungu kuti atetezedwe mofanana ndi lamulo. " Monga m'makalata ake am'mbuyomu, VitW idalemba malipoti okhudzana ndi kuzunzika komanso kufa kwa anthu ambiri chifukwa cha zilango zazachuma, komanso zolemba zofotokoza malamulo ofunikira apadziko lonse lapansi ofotokoza ndi kuletsa kuphana komanso kulanga anthu ambiri. VitW idaphatikizansopo, "monga kulipira chindapusa," 6,750 dinar zaku Iraq, zogulitsa kuchokera ku maulendo osiyanasiyana opita ku Iraq, zofananira ndi $20,000 US yamtengo wapatali pamitengo yosinthira zilango zisanachitike, koma $3.33 yokha panthawiyo.
Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chidachita chidwi pa kavalo wowoneka bwino wa OFAC, yemwe, adaluma mkamwa ndikuchititsa khungu, adakoka molingana ndi chilembo chalamulo. Kuwerenga zolemba za OFAC (mwachangu kwambiri) ndi yankho lotsimikizika la kusowa tulo. Mlandu wa kukhoti, monga momwe Woweruza Bates adaulamulira, sunalinso wopatsa chidwi. Lamulo lapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zotsatira za zilango kwa anthu wamba aku Iraq adaletsedwa kuchitapo kanthu. Bates adadziponyera yekha, ndipo chigamulo chake chogwirizana ndi chilango cha $ 20,000 sichidadabwitsa: "รขโฌยฆ mbiriyo ikuwonetsa kuti wozengedwayo akulipidwa osati chifukwa cha maganizo ake, koma chifukwa chophwanya mwadala komanso modziwa malamulo, malamulo akuluakulu ndi malamulo. zokhazikitsidwa ndi osankhidwa oimira ndaleโ (Ruling, 8/12/05).
Mwina chochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'chigamulo cha Bates ndi mawu, m'ndime yomaliza ya chigamulo chake cha masamba 16, kwa Martin Luther King, Jr.: "Malamulo omwewo omwe amateteza ufulu wa Voices kutsutsa mwamtendere malamulo a boma ndi zopempha zawo. kusintha kumafunanso kuti Voices apereke zilango zomwe zimagwirizana ndi malamulo akasankha kuphwanya mfundozo. Munthu amene waswa lamulo losalungama ayenera kuchita zimenezi poyera, mwachikondi, ndiponso mofunitsitsa kulandira chilango. Rev. Martin Luther King, Kalata yochokera kundende ya Birmingham (Epr. 16, 1963). Chifukwa Voices sanapereke umboni wodalirika woti ntchito za OFAC sizinali zololeka, ziyenera kukhala ndi chindapusa chandalama ngati mtengo wochitira ziwonetsero komanso mfundo za UN m'njira yomwe idasankha kugwiritsa ntchito.
Bates akudzudzula momveka bwino pano, akuitana a Martin Luther King kuti anene kuti VitW ipite mwakachetechete kumalo ophera anthu. Koma King anali kuyamika mzimu wochitapo kanthu - womwe uyenera kuyambitsa kusamvera anthu - osati mzimu wotsatira. Monga Kathy Kelly, woyambitsa nawo VitW, adanenera pomwe amawerenga malingaliro a Bates, "Hmmm. Zovuta kuganiza kuti Mfumu ikanakhala chindapusa ku Birmingham m'malo momangidwa, akanati, 'Chabwino' ndikulemba cheke. Ngati Woweruza Bates aganiza zotumiza m'modzi kapena angapo a ife kundende, ndikutsimikiza kuti tidzapita momasuka komanso mwachikondi. Koma sitidzapereka ndalama imodzi kuti tithandizire zigawenga zankhondozi pomenya nkhondo ndi Iraq kapena kulanda katundu wawo wamafuta aku Iraq. "
Panthawi yomwe utsogoleri wabwino - osanena kanthu za utsogoleri wamakhalidwe - kulibe pa ndale, Bates anali ndi mwayi wodzudzula lamulo lomwe linayambitsa kuzunzika ndi imfa pamlingo waukulu ku Iraq ndipo kwa zaka zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri adaletsa nzika za US kuyankha. ku vuto limenelo. Akanatha kulamulira motsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, omwe amaletsa moyenerera chilango cha anthu ambiri komanso kupha anthu. Chigamulo choterechi sichikanangopereka chitsanzo chabwino, chikanakhala chotsutsa mwachindunji ku ndondomeko za imperialist za US. M'malo mwake, Bates adadzifotokoza yekha ngati dzino linanso pakamwa pogaya zankhondo zaku US. Mawu ake akumveka, kwa aliyense amene akumvetsera, monga kugogoda kwina kwa ufulu wa anthu ku US, ndi kuvomereza momveka bwino kwa ndondomeko zamakono zamakono ndi ulamuliro wa imperialism mu ndondomeko yachilendo ya US.
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