Kodi tinganene chiyani kwa munthu pambuyo pa Nanking, Dresden, Auschwitz, Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki? Chilichonse chosonkhezera, ichi ndi chimene tinachitira wina ndi mnzake, ndipo pitirizani kuchita mpaka ola lomweli. Kodi wolemba angalembe bwanji za zabwino pamene anthu amitundu yonse, odziyimira pawokha kapena ademokalase, amatenga kupha ndi kuzunza ndi chisangalalo chofananacho chomwe amachita chizolowezi chosalakwa?
Kwa wolemba pambuyo pa nkhondoyo vutolo linali losavuta. Kodi mungapange bwanji munthu wabwino yemwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha nkhanza zachibadwa zaumunthu komanso kukoma mtima kwachikondi kosasunthika? Poganizira za dziko lenileni, msilikali yekhayo akuwoneka kuti ndi wotsutsa; mfumu yokha ndi mfumu ya uvuni.
Mabuku achijapani atatha nkhondo adatulutsa olemba mabuku osiyanasiyana, kuyambira Mishima Yukio mpaka Murakami Haruki, kuchokera ku Ooka Shohei mpaka ku Nakagami Kenji, ndi ena ambiri anzeru. Ntchito yawo imasiyanitsidwa ndi chowonadi ku chikhalidwe cha umunthu, ndi zilema zathu zonyansa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa kuti dziko lonse liziwone. Iwo amasonkhezeredwa, kumlingo wokulirapo kapena wocheperapo, ndi kugonjetsedwa kowopsa kwa Japan mโnkhondo yake yaukali, ndipo amayesetsa kuvomereza mโmbali yabwino ya mabuku awo.
Koma wolemba wina amadziลตika kuti anali mโkalasi yekha: Inoue Hisashi. Nayenso, wakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zotsatira za nkhondoyo, koma njira yake yothanirana ndi chisoniyo yakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi anthu a mโnthawi yake.
Chidwi changa pa ntchito yake chinayamba pamene, zaka zoposa 30 zapitazo, ndinawona sewero lake la 1971 la "Dogen no Boken (The Adventures of Dogen)," chithunzithunzi chamatsenga cha Kamakura Period (1192-1333) Zen monk, Dogen. Ndinakopeka, monga mafani ake onse, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chilankhulo, nthabwala zake zodula komanso mwina kuposa china chilichonse - kugwiritsa ntchito mawu omwe tsopano akuwoneka kuti alibe mafashoni - umunthu wake.
Inoue panthawiyo ankadziwika kuti anali wolemba zopeka zoseketsa komanso wosewera wanzeru kwambiri pamawu amasiku ano m'mabuku ndi zisudzo. Buku lake longopeka la 1970, "Bun to Fun (Boon & Phoon)," lonena za kukwera ndi kutsika kwa ntchito ya wolemba wopanda chiyembekezo yemwe zilembo zake zidakhalapo, wagulitsa makope opitilira mamiliyoni awiri mpaka pano. Iyenso ndi m'modzi mwa olemba mabuku ochepa a ku Japan omwe adapanga chithunzi chokwanira cha munthu yemwe si Mjapani, mu chithunzi chake chosangalatsa komanso chachifundo cha 1972 cha wansembe wa ku France, "Mokkinpotto no Atoshimatsu (The Fortunes of Father) Mockinpott).
Koma chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zolemba za Inoue ziwonekere si nthabwala zake kapena kuzindikira kwake kodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi umunthu wofunikira, umunthu wokondeka, womwe makhalidwe ake ali nawo. Ngakhale ochita zoyipa m'mawu ake ndi sewero - kaya akhale akuba, achinyengo kapena obwezera - amawonetsa mtundu wa zinthu zowombola zomwe pafupifupi olemba ena onse, Kum'mawa kapena Kumadzulo, safuna kuwapatsa. Chotsatira chake ndi chakuti umunthu wofunikira (kuwerenga kuti ngati ubwino) wa anthuwa umatichotsera ife tonse.
Pomwe m'mabuku a Miyazawa Kenji, wolemba yemwe wakhudza kwambiri Inoue, ubwino umenewu umachokera ku jini lachipembedzo / lansembe, kwa Inoue limaperekedwa ngati chikondi chosavuta komanso chosavuta. Kumveka soppy? Chabwino, zikhoza kukhala. Koma sichidziwika konse. Inoue ndi wophunzira wakhama wa mbiri yakale. Mwinamwake iye ndi wolemba wotchuka kwambiri wa ku Japan.
Chikhalidwe chaumunthu m'malingaliro amakono a ku Japan, makamaka mu nkhani ya Inoue, mwina chimachokera ku Victorian England. Mmodzi mwa mabuku omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi "David Copperfield"; ndipo ndizosavuta kuwona zomwe zimafanana pakati pa Dickens ndi iye. Olemba onsewo adamizidwa muzambiri za nthawi yawo; onse ndi akatswiri pa kukonzanso tsatanetsatane wa malo awo; zonse zimapatsa otsika phindu la kukaikira ndi zida zowongolera masautso awo.
Inoue anabadwa mu 1934 mโtauni ina yaingโono ku Yamagata Prefecture. Adataya bambo ake ali ndi zaka 4 ndipo kenako adatumizidwa ku nyumba ya ana ya Lasallian (mosakayika kudzoza kwa Bambo Mockinpott kudachokera muzochitika izi). Mwina ubwana womwe udakhala muumphawi ku Tohoku udalimbikitsa uthenga wachifundo wa Victorian pakati pa zovuta kuti apulumuke.
Chifukwa cha zonsezi, komanso chifukwa cha chifundo chake chachibadwa kwa ofooka ndi ozunzidwa, Inoue anabwera kufotokoza chinachake cha Chijapani, khalidwe lomwe lakhalapo mu nthawi ya fascism m'dziko lino, kusokonezeka kwa nthawi yomwe nkhondo itangotha โโโโnkhondo komanso kukayikira kopanda kanthu. anthu apamwamba andale masiku ano. Ichi ndi chikhulupiliro chowona kuti pali anthu abwino kulikonse kumene mukupita, ndi kuti mutu waukulu wa mitundu yathu yomvetsa chisoni si chiwonongeko koma kukonzanso.
Mwachiwonekere, mutu wa kupangidwanso kwa moyo pambuyo pa tsoka, lopangidwa ndi anthu kapena mwanjira ina, sichiri ulamuliro wa Japan. Koma Ajapani akuwoneka kukhala ofulumira kuvomereza choikidwiratu, chifukwa mwinamwake cha chikhulupiriro cha Chibuda cha kuvomereza choikidwiratu cha munthu monga, kugwiritsira ntchito mawu okoma a Miyazawa Kenji, โmapazi a Karma.โ
Anthu aku Japan amapeza ma bootstraps nthawi yomweyo ndikulimbikira kuwakoka mosasamala kanthu kuti zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji komanso kuyesetsa. Kuchira kwawo msanga nkhondo itatha, makamaka, chifukwa cha kusiyiratu kwanthawi yomweyo ndi kudzipereka kolimba mtsogolo.
Palibe paliponse pomwe mutu wa kukonzanso uku ukuwonekera bwino kwambiri kuposa sewero la Inoue la 1994 (tsopano filimu yowonekera), "The Face of Jizo," yomwe mutu wake woyambirira ndi "Chichi to Kuraseba."
Nkhani ya seweroli ndi yachindunji. Zikuchitika ku Hiroshima patatha zaka zitatu bomba la atomu linagwetsedwa mu 1945. Tsatanetsatane ndi misampha ya seweroli zikuyiyika pa nthawi yake: mtsikana wa pafamu. mompa masiketi omwe Mitsue wazaka 23 amavala; mmene bambo ake, Takezo, amayatsira moto pansi pa bafa; zokambirana zosalakwa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa Mitsue ndi Kinoshita-san, mnyamata wamanyazi yemwe amamukonda.
Mitsue amagwira ntchito ku laibulale yakumaloko. Tsiku lina akuchokera kuntchito kunkagunda chimphepo champhamvu, anapeza kuti bambo ake abisala mโkachipindako. Nkhaniyi ikuchitika pamene bambo ndi mwana wake wamkazi, anthu awiri wamba (akatswiri a Inoue nthawi zonse amakhala mwamuna kapena mkazi aliyense, ngakhale atakhala otchuka), amalankhula ndikukangana ndikulira kwa masiku angapo.
Pamene tikuwonera seweroli timaphunzira kuti Takezo, kwenikweni, adawonongeka zaka zitatu zisanachitike kuphulikako. Wakhalanso ndi moyo ndi cholinga chimodzi: kukopa mwana wake wamkazi Pitirizani kukhala ndi moyo ndi kukwatira. Kumbali yake, Mitsue wataya chiyembekezo chonse mu phompho la zolakwa za wopulumuka.
Koma ambiri angafunse funso losavuta pa seweroli. Kodi mungatani ndi tsoka la abambo ndi mwana wamkazi uyu popanda kuliyika munkhani yankhondo ndi kupha koyipa kwa Japan? Kodi wolemba masewerowa sakudziwa zomwe dziko lake linachita kuti libweretse chiwonongeko pamutu pake?
Inde, Inoue akudziwa zomwe zidatsogolera ku Hiroshima. Amayankha funso lomweli m'mawu oyamba a "Nkhope ya Jizo":
"Hiroshima. Nagasaki. Pamene awiriwa akutchulidwa, malingaliro otsatirawa akumveka kwambiri. โNโkulakwa kupitiriza kuchita zinthu ngati kuti anthu a ku Japan ndi ozunzidwa. Anthu a ku Japan anali ozunza panthaลตiyo pa zimene anachita ku Asia.โ
โChiganizo chachiwiri chili pachimake. Anthu a ku Japan anali olakwa ku Asia konse. Koma ponena za chiganizo choyamba, ndikupitirizabe kunena kuti sizili choncho. Zili choncho chifukwa ndimakhulupirira kuti mabomba a atomiki aลตiri amenewo anaponyedwa osati pa Ajapani okha komanso pa anthu onse.โ
Pakati pa zoopsa izi, njira ya Inoue Hisashi yakhala yamunthu payekha. Mu "Nkhope ya Jizo" timalowa m'moyo wa bambo wamba ndi mwana wamkazi yemwe adagwidwa ndi chiwonongeko. Kodi iwo anadzipangira okha? Kodi anayenera kulandira zimene analandira chifukwa chakuti anali nzika za ku Japan panthaลตi imene dziko lawo linali kutsutsa nkhondo yoipa?
Ndizo pambali pa mfundo ya Inoue. Mโseลตero limeneli akuwoneka kuti akutiuza kuyangโana miyoyo yathu, mmene tikanayambukiridwa ngati tsoka lathu linatiika ku Hiroshima mu August 1945. Tonse takhala tiri ana aakazi kapena ana aamuna kapena amayi kapena atate. Titha kuloลตa mโmaganizo mwa Takezo mosavuta akamadzudzula mwana wake wamkazi chifukwa chosasamalira tsogolo lake. Tikudziwa momwe Mitsue amachitira manyazi ndi chinyengo cha abambo ake.
Inoue watipatsa chisonyezero chakuya chanzeru zamakono zaku Japan. Uthengawu suli wandale, komanso sukunena kuti umaphatikizapo chisoni chachikulu, kunena za mamiliyoni a anthu osalakwa omwe liwongo lawo lokha linabwera chifukwa chobadwira mโdziko lachiwawa panthaลตi yolakwika. Uthengawu ndi wakuti kutayika kwa moyo umodzi ndi tsoka kwa anthu onse, mosasamala kanthu za mbali ya nkhondo yomwe moyo unalipo kale.
"Munthu m'modzi amatha kuchita pang'ono," adatero Inoue pa pulogalamu ya kanema wawayilesi ya October 7 yolembedwa mu 2004 pomwe wolemba sewero anali ku Bologna. โAwiri atha kuchita zochulukirapo. Anthu atatu pamodzi angathe kuchitira ena zambiri.โ
Olemba zopeka za ku Japan nthawi zambiri achita zomwe angathe kuyambira nkhondoyi kuti asawonekere ngati ndale. Nthawi yomweyo seijiteki, lomwe limamasuliridwa kuti "zandale," lili ndi tanthauzo loyipa m'Chijapani, lofanana kwambiri ndi liwu lachingerezi "lokonda" kapena "lokondera." Olemba ochepa, mwina oimiridwa bwino ndi Oe Kenzaburo, sanazengereze kuthana ndi chikhalidwe chathu choyipa cha ndale, koma osati mpaka pomwe adalemba zomwe tingatchule kuti zolemba zandale.
Inoue Hisashi amaimira njira yosiyana, yomwe ili yophiphiritsira mbali ina ya kulingalira kwa Japan yamakono. Amafunafuna mikhalidwe imeneyo mwa anthu yomwe munthu angangoyitcha kuti ndi yosangalatsa, ndipo amawapatsa mphamvu yotereyi m'makhalidwe ake, m'nthano zake ndi zisudzo zake, zomwe sitingachitire mwina koma kukhudzidwa nazo ngakhale tili osuliza komanso "owona bwino. chiweruzo.โ
Hisashi Inoue adalemba masewero, monga sewero la 1979 "Shimijimi Nihon - Nogi Taisho (Mozama, Wopenga Japan: General Nogi)," omwe akhala akutsutsa mfumu ya Japan. Mu prose ndi sewero adafufuza za moyo ndi nthawi za anthu ambiri otchulidwa m'mbiri, kuyambira wolemba nkhani wa Meiji Era Higuchi Ichiyo kupita kwa omwe atenga nawo mbali mu Mayesero a Upandu pa Nkhondo ku Tokyo; kuchokera kwa mmishonale wachiJesuit wa ku Portugal Luis Frois kupita kwa wolemba mabuku woyambirira wa Showa Era Hayashi Fumiko. Iye walembaponso nkhani yamwano yodziwika bwino yokhudza chigawo chachingโono cha ku Tohoku chomwe chimalengeza ufulu wake kuchokera ku Japan.
Mutu waukulu muzochita zonsezi ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa otchulidwa awo, zowawa zawo zazing'ono ndi chisangalalo chokulirapo pang'ono. Apa ndipamene, molingana ndi nzeru zake za ku Japan, nkhani zazikulu zimayambira ndi kutha: pamapazi a amuna ndi akazi wamba.
Kuzindikira kwa ku Japan monga momwe adafotokozera olemba a dziko lino, olemba masewera ndi olemba ndakatulo ali, mopanda kutero, kunena zambiri. Kaya chifukwa cha tsankho la ku Ulaya ndi ku America m'malo mwa zilembo za Azungu, kapena nkhanza zachiyankhulo, kulingalira kumeneku, pamodzi ndi chuma chake chonse, kwakhalabe kosadziwika kwenikweni kunja kwa Japan.
Kusadziwa kumeneku kwapanga mwina kutaya kwakukulu kwa mabuku a dziko a m'zaka za zana la 20 ndi 21 omwe angaganizidwe.
Nkhaniyi ikupezeka The Japan Times, December 26, 2004.
Roger Pulvers ndi wolemba waku Australia wobadwira ku America, wolemba sewero komanso wotsogolera zisudzo, komanso pulofesa ku Tokyo Institute of Technology. Iye anamasulira zolembedwa zonse za ku Japan zogwidwa mawu mu magawo asanu Japan Times nkhani zakuti โKuvumbula Kulingalira Bwino kwa Japan,โ zomwe zinaphatikizapo nkhani imene ilipo. Zolemba zake zopeka komanso zabodza, "Half and More," zidzasindikizidwa ndi Shinchosha mu 2005.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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