"Yang'anani anthu apambuyo awa," mtolankhani wakumanja waku Israeli komanso woyambitsa milandu Yinon Magal tweeted pa Feb. 18. “Iwo anatsekereza akaunti yaumwini ndi mwayi wopeza ndalama (!!) ya Mose Sharvit ngwazi, mbale wa Harel RIP yemwe anafera ku Gaza, ndi Zionist yemwe akuyang'anira dziko la Israeli mu Chigwa cha Yordano. Dziko lapansi ndi lopindika. ”
Moshe Sharvit ndi m'modzi mwa anthu ambiri okhala ku Israeli omwe amenyedwa ndi zilango zapadziko lonse lapansi m'masabata aposachedwa chifukwa chotenga nawo gawo pantchitoyi. ziwawa motsutsana ndi anthu aku Palestine komanso omenyera ufulu waku Israeli omwe ali ku West Bank yomwe idalandidwa. Mbiri yake imadzinenera yokha: mu 2020, Sharvit adakhazikitsidwa malo akunja ("Famu ya Mose") m'chigwa cha Yordano, dera lalikulu la West Bank pansi pa ulamuliro wa asilikali a Israeli omwe ali ndi anthu masauzande ambiri a Palestine. Iye nthawi zambiri amavutitsa Alimi ndi abusa aku Palestina pamene akugwira ntchito kumunda wawo, ndipo, kuyambira pa October 7, wakhala wotanganidwa kutulutsa mokakamiza Mabanja aku Palestina ochokera kumidzi ya Ein Shibli.
Chotsatira chake, Sharvit wakhala ndi tsoka lolembedwa ndi United States ndi United Kingdom, pakati pa njira zoyamba zamtundu wawo zomwe maboma akumadzulo amatsutsana ndi Israeli. Purezidenti wa US, Joe Biden, pa Feb. 1, adakhazikitsa dongosolo, kulengeza zilango okhala anayi. The UK, France, Spain, Belgiumndipo New Zealand adatsata zosiyana ndi mndandanda wa Biden, pomwe Canada ndi EU set to kukakamiza zilango zawo. Sabata yatha, US analengeza zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi malo awiri aku West Bank ndi ena atatu okhala.
Zilangozo, zomwe mpaka pano zakhala zikulimbana ndi anthu omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, zili mbali ziwiri. Choyamba, zikufanana ndi kuletsedwa kulowa m'dziko lovomerezeka; ndipo chachiwiri, amalepheretsa bwino anthu omwe akukhala nawo kuti asalowe m'mayiko ambiri azachuma, kuwaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mabanki ambiri apadziko lonse, kuphatikizapo Israeli.
Zigawenga za Israeli zimakulitsa malo okhala achiyuda okha ku West Bank a Nofei Nehemiya m'chigawo cha Salfit pa malo apadera a Palestine, omwe adalandidwa ndi Israeli ndikulengeza malo "boma" (pagulu), malinga ndi eni ake, Ogasiti 13, 2020. (Ahmad Al -Bazz / Activestills)
Ngakhale kuti zilangozo ndizochepa kwambiri, chinenero cha zilango ndi nthawi yomwe zilangozo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito zimasonyeza kuti zotsatira zowonjezereka zikhoza kutsatiridwa. Zotsatira zake, makina onse okhazikika amatha kudzipeza akuyang'anizana ndi zovuta zomwe sanadziwepo kale.
Malo omasulira
Biden pa akuluakulu imasiya mpata waukulu woti achitepo kanthu, pomwe ikuyang'ana anthu omwe akuchita "kuwongolera, kukhazikitsa, kukhazikitsa, kutsata, kapena kulephera kutsata mfundo ... zomwe zimasokoneza mtendere, chitetezo, kapena bata la West Bank." Mawu apa ndikuti zoletsa zitha kukulitsidwa mosavuta kuti ziphatikize mabungwe ndi anthu ambiri kuposa omwe atchulidwa pano. Kupatula apo, mabizinesi okhazikika nthawi zonse akhala akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi boma la Israeli, gulu lankhondo, ndi malamulo ogwirira ntchito limodzi.
Pomwe dipatimenti ya Boma ikuwonetsa njira zamphamvu zomwe zikuyembekezeka mtsogolo, zilango zitha kupangitsa kuti dziko la Israeli likhale lolimba, kuphatikiza nduna, mabungwe am'matauni, ndi akuluakulu achitetezo. Atha kuwopsezanso magwero a ndalama za gulu la okhazikika - kuphatikiza zopereka zopanda msonkho ochokera ku US, omwe ali chingwe cha moyo chifukwa ngakhale zambiri "zambiri" midzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, mabanki aku Israeli - omwe akhala akugwira ntchito ku West Bank kwanthawi yayitali ndikuthandizira ma projekiti okhazikika - atha kukakamizidwa kuwonetsetsa kuti sakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe akukhalamo ovomerezeka kapena otuluka kunja. Ngati ndi choncho, mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe akuluakulu azachuma m'dzikoli ndi limodzi mwa magulu amphamvu kwambiri mu ndale za Israeli ukhoza kusweka, ndi zotsatira zosadziwika.
Njira zaposachedwa zaku US zolunjika kumadera awiri akumidzi - Famu ya Moshe ndi Famu ya Zvi - zimasiya malo ena omasulira. Kodi zilango zikhudza bwanji makampani omwe akugwira ntchito ndi malowa? Opereka katundu ku mafamu? Ma NGO omwe amatumiza anthu odzipereka kuti akathandize kuwalondera? Mafunso amenewa adzayankhidwa m’milungu ndi miyezi ikubwerayi.
Okhazikika ku Israeli amamanga nyumba pamalo akunja a Homesh, omwe amakhala ku West Bank, Meyi 29, 2023. (Flash90)
Gawo lina la zida za boma zomwe zitha kukhudzidwa ndi makhonsolo aku West Bank. Monga Mtendere Tsopano kuwululidwa mwezi watha, m'modzi mwa omwe adaloledwa kukhala, a Yinon Levy, adalandira ndalama kuchokera ku Har Hevron Regional Council kuti athe kulipirira ntchito yomanga malo ake osaloledwa.
Ngakhale kuti ulamuliro wawo ndi wochepa, makhonsolo a zigawo ali ndi mphamvu zambiri pazochitika za asilikali, apolisi, ndi ndale m'madera omwe agwidwa. Kwa zaka zambiri, akhala akuyendetsedwa ndi magulu ankhondo akumanja omwe amayendetsa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zomanga ndi kusunga malo osaloledwa. Ubalewu ndi mabungwe omwe amaoneka ngati akuluakulu a boma ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa ogwira ntchito kunja, ndi makonsolo am'madera akuwathandiza kulumikizana ndi zofunikira monga magetsi ndi madzi, komanso kuthandizira pazochitika zina. Nthawi zina, malo omwe ali kunja amalembedwa mwaukadaulo ngati zokulitsa kapena madera atsopano a midzi yokhazikitsidwa kuti awonetsetse kuti ali ovomerezeka.
'Zimayamba ndi Yinon Levy, ndikupitilira kwa akuluakulu ankhondo'
Kukankhira kochokera kwa akuluakulu andale aku Israeli motsutsana ndi zilangozo zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonetsa kuti gulu la othawa kwawo likukumana ndi mavuto. Nduna ya Zachitetezo cha National Itamar Ben Gvir - yemwe amakhala ku West Bank, wokhala ku Kiryat Arba pafupi ndi Hebron - Anayankha mokwiya ndi zomwe a Biden adalengeza, akufuna kuti mabanki aku Israeli abwezeretse ndalama za omwe adaloledwa. "Kuletsa maakaunti akubanki a okhazikika popanda kufotokoza ... kukudutsa mzere wofiyira," adatero, ndikuwonjezera kuti: "Ndikupempha magulu omwe ali ndi udindo mu Israel kuti achitepo kanthu mwachangu kubweza maakaunti aku banki omwe adatsekedwa."
Pakadali pano, nduna ya zachuma ndi Woyang'anira West Bank Bezalel Smotrich - amene akufotokozedwa Lamulo lalikulu la a Biden ngati "gawo la kampeni yabodza komanso yotsutsana ndi semitic motsogozedwa ndi zinthu za BDS," komanso yemwenso amakhala ku Kedumim pafupi ndi Nablus - akuti akuyesetsa kuti apewe zilango. Iye adanena msonkhano wa chipani chake chomwe "amakambirana ndi a Woyang'anira Mabanki,” analumbira kuti “zimenezi siziyenera kuloledwa.” (Banki yayikulu ya Israeli, Bank of Israel, wanena kuti itsatira zilango zapadziko lonse lapansi.) Smotrich alinso kuopseza kuti amaundana ndalama zikuyenda kuchokera ku mabanki aku Israeli kupita ku Ulamuliro wa Palestine ku West Bank, zomwe zingayambitse kugwa komaliza.
Itamar Ben Gvir ndi Bezalel Smotrich akupezeka pa msonkhano wa plenum mu Israel Knesset, Jerusalem, December 29, 2022. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, pomenya nkhondo kwa omwe akutsata, Smotrich ndiwotheka akudzifotokozera yekha mu zilango chifukwa cha "kuthandizidwa mwakuthupi ... [munthu] atsekeredwa motsatira lamuloli." Akuluakulu aku US akuti atero zaganiziridwa kale kuvomereza Smotrich ndi Ben Gvir.
Atumiki awa sali okha omwe akumvetsetsa kuopsa kwa zilango zomwe zingabweretse ku bizinesi yokhazikika. Pa a Kumva kwa Knesset pa Feb. 14, Mose Passal wa Likud - yemwe anapezeka anthu otchuka Msonkhano wa ku Gaza Rettlement Conference chakumapeto kwa January—anasonyeza nkhaŵa yofala: “Ngati palibe njira yothetsera vutoli tsopano, ndiye kuti m’tsogolo muno zilango zidzaperekedwa kwa onse okhala mu Yudeya ndi Samariya [ku West Bank].” Ponena zachipongwe kumudzi waku Palestine womwe uli ndi malo omwe Tel Aviv University idakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa Nakba ya 1948, Passal adawonjezera kuti: "Pomaliza, okhazikika a Shaykh Muwannis nawonso atenga nawo gawo pankhaniyi."
Zvi Sukkot, chiŵalo cha Smotrich’s Religious Zionist Party, mofananamo anachenjeza kuti: “Chimayamba ndi Yinon Levy [mmodzi wa okhazikika ololedwa], ndipo chimapitirira mpaka kwa akuluakulu ankhondo ndi atsogoleri a khonsolo.” Sukkot ali ndi chifukwa chake chodera nkhawa: anali kamodzi anamangidwa monga wokayikira pakuwotcha mzikiti kumpoto kwa West Bank, ndipo monga wapampando wapano wa Knesset's West Bank subcommittee, amayang'anira dongosolo lopanda chilango lomwe limalola okhazikika achiwawa kuti asamatsutsidwe.
'Kuthandizira ndi kuthandizira mlandu'
Kuti muchepetse gulu la okhazikika, muyenera kutseka ndalama zake. Malinga ndi a Shabtay Bendet, wamkulu wakale wa gulu la Peace Now's Settlement Watch, bizinesi yokhazikikayi ili pansi pamalingaliro azachuma.
"Ndalamazo zimapita ku chitukuko ndi zomangamanga," Bendet adauza +972. “Ukafika pamalo abwino, umayenera kukumba nsewu ndikumanga zomanga. Kungoyambira zomangira dothi mpaka kupanga, kukonza anthu apaulendo, kumanga ndi matabwa kapena zinthu zina - chilichonse chimawononga ndalama. ”
M'mbuyomu, okhazikika adalandira ndalama kudzera ku maunduna aboma la Israeli ndi maboma am'deralo, komanso mothandizidwa ndi akuluakulu aboma ndi nduna zabwino. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, gulu lokhazikitsira anthu lasintha njira zake zopezera ndalama.
Okhazikika ayamba kukondana ndi opereka ndalama akuluakulu ochokera kunja, omwe amapereka ndalama kudzera m'magulu osadziwika komanso osadziwika omwe amapereka ndalamazo kumapiri a West Bank. Mwachitsanzo, Russian-Israel oligarch Roman Abramovich. akuti adapereka zoposa $74 miliyoni ku gulu la okhazikika lomwe likugwira ntchito ku East Jerusalem. Magulu aku America, ambiri a iwo a Evangelical Christian, ali nawo anapereka mazana a mamiliyoni a madola ku magulu okhazikika.
Komabe, posachedwapa, okhazikika adalira gwero lokayikitsa: kuchulukana ndalama. Tengani tsamba Charidy. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 2013 ndi otsatira gulu la Ultra-Orthodox Chabad, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magulu osiyanasiyana kuti apeze ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, Agudat Israel, chipani cha ndale cha Haredi ndi gulu, atukuka $ Miliyoni 10 patsamba, ndi ambiri yeshiva (sukulu zachipembedzo) osonkhanitsa ndalama kupeza mamiliyoni of madola kuphatikiza.
Koma Charidy amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ndi magulu akutali. Zambiri "Makhalidwe a Torah” — magulu achipembedzo-adziko omwe amafuna kutsata Chiyuda chotchedwa “mizinda yosakanikirana” mkati mwa Israel — akukweza mamiliyoni kudzera pa webusayiti. “Liwu Lachiyuda,” malo ankhani a achichepere a pamwamba pa phiri, kumene kaŵirikaŵiri anthu amatamandidwa monyanyira zachiyuda, wadzutsa pa NIS 800,000 (pafupifupi $220,000) kudzera ku Charidy. Ndipo malo osungira anthu ambiri amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupezera ndalama zogulira anthu omwe ali kunja kwa boma.
Mmodzi mwa okhazikika oyamba omwe adavomerezedwa ndi US, David Chai Chasdai, ngakhale adayesa kugwiritsa ntchito Charidy kuti apeze ndalama akaunti yake yakubanki itayimitsidwa. Koma potsatira zilangozo, tsambalo lidatsitsa tsamba lake.
Okhazikika aku Israeli akuponya miyala kwa anthu aku Palestine panthawi yokolola yapachaka pafupi ndi malo okhala ku Israel ku Yitzhar ku West Bank pa Okutobala 7, 2020. (Nasser Ishtayeh/Flash90)
Kumvetsetsa ntchito yazachuma iyi ndikofunikira pakumvetsetsa gulu lonse la okhazikika, komanso chifukwa chake zilango zokulirapo zitha kukhala zowopsa. Kwa Alon Sapir, loya waufulu wachibadwidwe yemwe wapereka madandaulo kukhothi motsutsana ndi ndalama zomwe zimachokera kunja, ukondewu ukhoza kusokoneza anthu ambiri aku Israeli.
"Kumanga malo achitetezo ndikuphwanya malamulo," adatero Sapir. "Kupeza ndalama zothandizira ntchitoyi - makamaka - ndikuthandiza ndikuthandizira mlandu."
Mafunso ochedwa
Zilango zomwe zaperekedwa kale, ndi zomwe zingabwere, zimapereka chitokoso chapadera kwa Israyeli. Kwa zaka 20 zapitazi, njira ya boma poyang'anizana ndi mavuto a mayiko akhala akukana kusiyanitsa pakati pa malire asanafike 1967 ndi madera omwe adalandidwa. Maitanidwe oletsa kukhazikitsidwa adayipitsidwa ndi hasbara ya Israeli (ubwenzi wapagulu kapena propaganda) ngati mtundu wa BDS, ngakhale kuyimba kotereku kumapangidwa ndi magulu omasuka a Zionist omwe amagwira ntchito mkati mwa Israeli.
Maboma otsatizana a Netanyahu apanga njira zatsopano zotumizira ndalama ku projekiti yothetsa vutoli poyilumikiza mosalephera ku ntchito zazikulu za boma. Koma ndi zilango zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimayang'ana makamaka omwe akuchita ziwawa ku West Bank, funso latsopano lovuta likhoza kubuka: kodi boma lingagwire ntchito ndi anthu ndi mabizinesi omwe adalembedwa molakwika ndi kayendetsedwe kazachuma, kapena zomwe zichitike posachedwa? Kodi ochita nawo boma, monga akuluakulu ankhondo omwe amatumiza asitikali kuthamangitsa anthu aku Palestina, atha kudulidwa?
Zambiri zowerengedwa pa +972
Kwa zaka zambiri, palibe chomwe chinasokoneza mabiliyoni a madola omwe akuyenda m'midzi ndi m'madera akutali. Kuwonjezeka kwaposachedwa kwa zilango zapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zidachitika pakati pa nkhondo ya Gaza ndi chiwonongeko chomwe Israeli akuwononga mu Strip, ndiye gawo loyamba pakutha kutha kwa makina a settler, komanso kutsekeka kwa msewu ku Israeli. kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono ku West Bank. Maziko ayikidwa. Chomwe chikufunika tsopano ndi kufuna kuchita zomwe zikufunika kusintha zaka zachidzudzulo zapakamwa kukhala zochita zooneka.
Pakati pa zonsezi, Israeli posachedwa angafunike kudzifunsa ngati kutsata ntchito yokhazikika ku West Bank kuli koyenera kusiya mwayi wawo wopeza ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso kukhala ndi mndandanda wokulirapo wa zilango kwa akuluakulu awo ndi mabungwe. Ndipo limenelo ndi funso lomwe limayenera kufunsidwa kalekale.
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