Monga munthu yemwe wangobwera kumene kuchokera ku moyo ndi kugwira ntchito ku El Salvador, ndikuvutikabe kuti ndigwirizane ndi nkhani zathu zapa media zomwe sizimatha kunena za nkhani ya kusamuka. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi nkhani yomwe analemba Ross Douthat wolemba nkhani ku New York Times Lamlungu, June 22. Doutha akuwonetsa nkhawa za "kuchuluka komwe kulipo" kwa "ana osatsagana nawo ochokera ku Central America" โโomwe akuwoloka malire a US-Mexico mowopsa kwambiri kotero kuti Border Patrol ndi makhothi tsopano "akuvutika kusamalira ana ndikuwongolera milandu yawo. .โ
Kodi โkusamuka kwa anaโ kwachititsa chiyani? Malinga ndi kunena kwa Douthat ndi โchiitano chapoyera cha kusintha kwa anthu otuluka mโdzikoโโโโlonjezo chabe la chikhululukiroโ limene tsopano laipitsa โmavuto ena aumunthu amene okonzanso amati akufuna kuwathetsa.โ Douthat ndiwosamala koma yankho lake ndi lodziwika bwino, logwirizana ndi anthu awiri: "tiyeni titsimikizire kuti njira yolimbikitsira ikhoza kupangidwa ndikukhazikitsa chilolezo chovomerezeka."
Lingaliro la mfundo za anthu osamukira kumayiko ena, mwachizolowezi, limanyalanyaza zomwe zikuchititsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuwoloka malire ndi achinyamata osauka aku Central America komanso zomwe boma la US lingachite kuti kukhala ku Central America kukhala chisankho chabwino.
"Push Factors"
Kuwona zinthu mosiyana, kumathandiza kudziyika nokha mu nsapato za ena. Tiyerekeze kuti ndinu mayi wosakwatiwa amene mumakhala ku Apopa, mzinda woopsa womwe uli pafupi ndi likulu la dziko la San Salvador.
Mumagwira ntchito yoyeretsa nyumba $15 patsiku. M'dera lanu muli zigawenga. Ukakwera basi kupita kunyumba komwe umagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri umachedwa chifukwa apolisi amayendera basi ndikupangitsa amuna onse kutsika kuti akafufuze. Pali m'mawa wina mukadzuka ndikutumiza mwana wanu wamkazi ku sitolo yapakona kuti akatenge mazira ndipo amawona mitembo mumsewu. Ikhoza kukhala mitembo ya mnansi kapena mwini sitolo amene anakana kupereka ndalama zauchigawenga za mโderalo. Masiku angapo apitawo, mukuyenda ndi mwana wanu wamwamuna munagwidwa mukuwomberana pakati pa magulu awiri a zigawenga. Palibe chomwe mungachite koma kubakha ndikubisa ndikuyesera kutonthoza mwana wanu akulira.
Mwana wanu wamwamuna ali ndi zaka 12 ndipo m'modzi mwa zigawenga - tinene kuti la Mara Salvatrucha (MS), yemwe ndi wachiwawa kwambiri mdziko muno - akuyamba kumulemba ntchito. Amafuna kumugwiritsa ntchito ngati mthenga kutumiza mauthenga ndi kutumiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mwinanso chochititsa mantha kwambiri, mwana wanu wamkazi wamkulu, wazaka 14 tsopano, akukopa chidwi cha mtsogoleri wa MS wapafupi. Umamuuza kuti akane zilakolako zake, koma ukudziลตa mmene zimakhalira zovuta kwa mtsikana aliyense kukana ubwenzi woterowoโkapena kuuthetsa, utangoyamba kumene.
Palibe Pothaลตirako Kumidzi
Mukuganiza zongonyamula katundu ndi kupita kumidzi, koma mwamva nkhani. Mnansi wanu wapafupi, wogwira ntchito muofesi, anakumana ndi chikakamizo cha zigawenga kuti alipire chindapusa cha madola makumi asanu pamwezi. Choncho anaganiza zobwerera kumudzi kwawo, kumudzi waungโono wa San Vicente. Koma ngakhale matauni ang'onoang'ono ku El Salvador sali otetezeka masiku ano. Mnansi wanu atabwerera kunyumba, mwana wa mchimwene wake, wophunzira wazaka 16 wa kusukulu anaphedwa pakati pa masana pabwalo lake lakutsogolo, kutsidya lina la msewu wafumbi. Iye sanali wokhudzidwa pangโono ndi zigawenga zilizonse. Zonse zomwe adachita zinali chibwenzi ndi mtsikana wakale wa membala wa zigawenga.
Ku Apopa, mumayesetsa kusunga ana anu mkati momwe mungathere. Ndipo mumadandaula. Mumada nkhawa kuti mudzalipira bwanji renti ndikupeza ndalama zowatumiza kusukulu yasekondale, ngakhale ku koleji. Ndipo mukuganiza zowatumiza ku la Usa. Mchimwene wanu amakhala ku Maryland. Mwinamwake iye akanakhoza kulipira mbali ya mtengo wa ulendo wawo? Mukudziwa kuti ulendowu ndi woopsa koma ndi zosankha zina ziti?
Kodi ndi makolo angati a ku America amene anafunikira kupenda zosankha zoipa zoterozoโkuopsa kwa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kwa ana awo ndi kuopsa kwa kusamuka kosaloledwa? Ndi angati amene akumanapo ndi zowawa zamaganizo chifukwa cha kupatukana kwa mabanjaโchoyamba kuchokera kwa makolo kupita ku ntchito ku Los Angeles kapena ku Maryland, ndi ana awo akutsalira, ndipo tsopano kuchokera mโgulu la ana ndi achinyamata akutsatira njira imodzimodziyo chakumpoto kukafunafuna malo otetezeka ndi otetezeka. moyo wabwino?
Kukakamizika Kuchoka
Mu February, ndili ndi pasipoti yanga ya ku U.S. m'manja, ndinachoka ku El Salvador n'kukwera ndege yopita ku U.S. - zigawenga za adios , mantha umphawi ] Ndinasiya anzanga ambiri a ku Salvador amene sadzatha kuchita chimodzimodzi. Miyezi yoลตerengeka chabe pambuyo pake, wachichepere wodziลตika bwino wochokera mโmudzi wina wakumidzi umene ndimachezera kaลตirikaลตiri anachoka kukagwirizana ndi atate wake ku Washington State. Kwa ine, pokhala ndi ntchito yokhazikika ndi ndalama mโbanki, chitaganya chake chokongola cha mโmphepete mwa mapiri chinawoneka ngati paradaiso. Koma mnyamatayo sanathe kupeza mwayi wopita ku yunivesite yotsika mtengo, yapagulu ku El Salvador ndipo sanapeze ntchito. Ngakhale kuti a Douthat akudandaula kuti akuluakulu a Border Patrol "akunyalanyaza ntchito zina zachitetezo" pofuna kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa ana osamukira kumayiko ena, ndikuyembekeza kuti adzakhala otanganidwa kwambiri moti sangathe kugwira mnzanga wachichepere ndi kuti akafika komwe akupita ali bwinobwino.
Ambiri mwa anthu aku Salvador, monga ena aku Central America, safuna kusamukira ku US Amakonda mabanja awo ndi madera awo ndipo angakonde kukhala ndikugwira ntchito kapena kupita kusukulu kumayiko awo. Kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima okhudza kusamuka komanso kuthamangitsa ana ochulukirapo sikungaletse funde la anthu othawa kwawo mokakamizidwa; kungowapatsa mwayi woti apulumuke ndi kuchita bwino kunyumba.
U.S. Policy Impact
Boma la US litha kuchita zambiri kuti moyo ukhale wabwino ku El Salvador ndi Honduras. Koma panopa akuchita zosiyana. Ku El Salvador, olamulira a Obama pakali pano akuchepetsa zoyesayesa za boma la Salvador kuthandizira ulimi wokhazikika, waung'ono. Kazembe wa US adawopseza kukana thandizo la madola mamiliyoni ambiri ngati boma la FMLN lipitiliza kugula mbewu kwa alimi am'deralo, m'malo mwa makampani akunja monga Monsanto, monga gawo la pulogalamu yawo yopambana kwambiri ya Family Agriculture.
Pakadali pano ku Honduras, kuyambira pomwe asitikali adalanda mu June 2009, dziko la US lakhala likuchirikiza boma lakatangale, lopanda malamulo lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale kusalingana kwachuma komanso chiwawa. Ndakhala ndikugwira nawo ntchito zingapo zaufulu wa anthu ndi zowonera zisankho ku Honduras ndipo ndamva kuchokera kwa atsogoleri ammudzi za mazana a kuphedwa kwa amayi, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, omenyera ufulu wa anthu komanso atsogoleri amgwirizano omwe achitika pansi paulamuliro wa pambuyo pa chiwembu. Ndikadakhala Honduran, kuyang'ana yemwe ali ndi mapiko akumanja a Juan Orlando Hernandez "apambana" pachisankho chapurezidenti kudzera mwachinyengo komanso mantha zikadakhala zomaliza kwa ine. Inenso ndikanachoka.
Sindine katswiri wa ndale wophunzitsidwa ku Harvard ngati Ross Douthat, koma ndikudziwa kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa mfundo zakunja za US kungathandize kusintha zinthu ku Central America ndikuchepetsa mavuto a anthu kumalire athu. Boma la US liyenera kusiya kukankhira malonda aulere ndi kugulitsa anthu wamba ndikuyamba kupereka ndalama zothandizira anthu. Koma koposa zonse iyenera kuyimilira ufulu wa anthu. Ndipo izi zikuphatikizapo ufulu wosasamuka koma kukhala, kuphunzira, kugwira ntchito, kulankhula ndi kukhala mosangalala mโdziko lakwanu.
Alexandra Poyamba anagwira ntchito kwa zaka zinayi ku El Salvador monga Wogwirizanitsa U.S.-El Salvador Sister Cities (elsalvadorsolidarity.org). Iye akhoza kufikiridwa pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa].
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