Gwero: The Nation
Prime Minister waku India Narendra Modi, wolemba Saikat Paul/Shutterstock.com
Wpamene zionetsero zikuwunikidwa mโmisewu ya Chile, Catalonia, Britain, France, Iraq, Lebanon, ndi Hong Kong, ndipo mโbadwo watsopano ukulimbana ndi zimene zachitidwa ku dziko lawo, ndikuyembekeza kuti mudzandikhululukira chifukwa cholankhula za malo amene msewu watengedwa ndi chinachake chosiyana kwambiri. Panali nthawi yomwe kusagwirizana kunali kugulitsa bwino kwambiri ku India. Koma tsopano, ngakhale zionetsero zikuchulukirachulukira Kumadzulo, magulu athu akuluakulu odana ndi capitalist komanso anti-imperialist pazachilungamo komanso zachilengedwe - maulendo olimbana ndi madamu akulu, kutsutsana ndi kubiridwa ndi kulandidwa kwa mitsinje ndi nkhalango zathu, kutsutsana ndi kusamuka kwa anthu ambiri komanso kupatukana. a maiko a eni eni eniโangokhala chete. Pa Seputembara 17 chaka chino Prime Minister Narendra Modi adadzipatsa yekha malo osungiramo madzi a Sardar Sarovar Dam pamtsinje wa Narmada pa tsiku lake lobadwa la 69, pomwe masauzande ambiri ammudzi omwe adamenyera damulo kwazaka zopitilira 30 adawonera madamu awo. nyumba zimasowa pansi pa madzi okwera. Inali mphindi yophiphiritsira kwambiri.
Ku India masiku ano, dziko lamthunzi likukwawa pa ife masana. Zikukhala zovuta kuti tifotokoze kukula kwa zovutazo ngakhale kwa ife tokha. Kulongosola kolondola kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chomveka ngati ma hyperbole. Ndipo chotero, chifukwa cha kukhulupirira ndi makhalidwe abwino, timakonzekeretsa cholengedwa chimene chamira mโkati mwathuโtimapeta tsitsi lake ndi kupukuta nsagwada zake zodontha kuti chikhale chodziลตika bwino mโgulu laulemu. India simalo oyipa kwambiri, kapena owopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, mwina osati panobe, koma mwina kusiyana pakati pa zomwe zikadakhala ndi zomwe zidakhala zikupangitsa kuti ikhale yomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.
Pakali pano, anthu 7 miliyoni omwe ali m'chigwa cha Kashmir, ochuluka kwambiri omwe sakufuna kukhala nzika za India ndipo akhala akumenyera ufulu wawo wodzilamulira kwa zaka zambiri, atsekeredwa pansi pa kuzingidwa kwa digito ndi ntchito yankhondo yochuluka kwambiri. dziko. Nthawi yomweyo, kum'mawa kwa Assam, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri omwe akufuna kukhala ku India apeza kuti mayina awo akusowa mu National Register of Citizens (NRC), ndipo pachiwopsezo chanenedwa kuti alibe malire. Boma la India lalengeza cholinga chake chokulitsa NRC ku India yonse. Malamulo ali m'njira. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kusakhazikika pamlingo wosadziwika kale.
Anthu olemera a mโmaiko a Kumadzulo akupanga makonzedwe awoawo kaamba ka tsoka la nyengo likudzalo. Amapanga zipinda zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndikusunga mosungiramo chakudya ndi madzi oyera. Mโmaiko osaukaโIndia, mosasamala kanthu za kukhala dziko lachisanu pa chuma chambiri padziko lonse, mochititsa manyazi, akadali dziko losauka ndi lanjalaโmitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makonzedwe akupangidwa. Boma la India pa Ogasiti 5, 2019, kulandidwa kwa Kashmir kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kufulumira kwa boma la India kuti ateteze mitsinje isanu yomwe imadutsa m'chigawo cha Jammu ndi Kashmir monga momwe amachitira ndi china chilichonse. Ndipo NRC, yomwe idzapange dongosolo la nzika zokhazikika momwe nzika zina zili ndi ufulu wambiri kuposa zina, ndizokonzekera nthawi yomwe chuma chikusowa. Unzika, monga momwe Hannah Arendt adanenera, ndi ufulu wokhala ndi ufulu.
Kuthetsedwa kwa lingaliro laufulu, ubale, ndi kufanana kudzakhala - makamaka kale - vuto loyamba lavuto lanyengo. Ndiyesera kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe izi zikuchitikira. Ndipo momwe, ku India, kasamalidwe kamakono kamene kadatulukira kuti athane ndi vuto lamakonoli adachokera ku mbiri yonyansa, yowopsa ya mbiri yathu.
Chiwawa chophatikizika ndi chiwawa chochotsedwa ndizomwe zimatsogolera kugwedezeka komwe kungasinthe maziko a India-ndikusinthanso tanthauzo lake ndi malo ake padziko lapansi. Constitution yathu imatcha India "lipabuliki ya demokalase yachikhalidwe cha anthu." Timagwiritsa ntchito liwu lakuti "zadziko" mosiyana pang'ono ndi dziko lonse lapansi - kwa ife, ndilo ndondomeko ya anthu omwe zipembedzo zonse zili ndi kaimidwe kofanana pamaso pa malamulo. M'machitidwe, India sakhala wadziko kapena socialist. Nthawi zonse lakhala likugwira ntchito ngati dziko lachihindu la anthu apamwamba. Koma kudzikuza kwachipembedzo, chinyengo ngakhale chingakhale, ndiye gawo lokhalo lolumikizana lomwe limapangitsa India n'zotheka. Chinyengo chimenecho chinali chinthu chabwino koposa chomwe tinali nacho. Popanda izo, India idzatha.
M'malankhulidwe ake achipambano mu Meyi 2019, chipani chake chitatha nthawi yachiwiri, Modi adadzitama kuti palibe andale ochokera ku chipani chilichonse chomwe adayerekeza kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "zachipembedzo" pamakampeni awo. Tanki yachipembedzo, Modi adati, inalibe kanthu. Kotero, ndizovomerezeka. India akuyenda opanda kanthu. Ndipo tikuphunzira, mochedwa kwambiri, kuti tizikonda chinyengo. Chifukwa pamabwera chotsalira, chinamizira, cha ulemu wokumbukiridwa.
India si dziko kwenikweni. Ndi kontinenti. Zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana, zokhala ndi zilankhulo zambiri - 780 pomaliza, osaphatikiza zilankhulo - mitundu yambiri ndi maiko ang'onoang'ono, mafuko ndi zipembedzo zambiri kuposa ku Europe konse. Tangolingalirani za nyanja yaikulu imeneyi, dongosolo losalimba, losweka, la chikhalidwe cha anthu, likulamuliridwa mwadzidzidzi ndi gulu lachihindu lachihindu lomwe limakhulupirira chiphunzitso cha Fuko Limodzi, Chinenero Chimodzi, Chipembedzo Chimodzi, Lamulo Limodzi.
Ndikulankhula pano za Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1925-umayi wa chipani cholamulira cha Bharatiya Janata. Makolo ake oyambitsa adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi fascism ya Germany ndi Italy. Iwo anayerekezera Asilamu a ku India ndi โAyuda a ku Germany,โ ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti Asilamu alibe malo mu India wachihindu. RSS lero, mukulankhula kwa RSS chameleon-speak, imadzipatula pamalingaliro awa. Koma malingaliro ake oyambira, momwe Asilamu amatengedwa ngati "akunja" achinyengo, ndikukana nthawi zonse pamalankhulidwe agulu a ndale a BJP, ndipo amapeza mawu m'mawu owopsa omwe amanenedwa ndi zigawenga. Mwachitsanzo: "Mussalman wa ku Kabristan ku Pakistanโ (Malo amodzi okha kwa Asilamuโmanda, kapena Pakistan). Mu October chaka chino, Mohan Bhagwat, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa RSS, anati, โIndia ndi Hindu Rashtraโโmtundu wachihindu. "Izi sizingakambirane."
Lingaliro limenelo limasintha chirichonse chomwe chiri chokongola cha India kukhala asidi.
Kuti RSS iwonetsere zomwe ikupanga uinjiniya masiku ano ngati kusintha kwakanthawi, komwe Ahindu pomaliza pake akuchotsa kuponderezana kwazaka mazana ambiri ndi olamulira achisilamu akale a ku India, ndi gawo la ntchito yake ya mbiri yakale.
Kuti RSS iwonetse zomwe ikupanga uinjiniya masiku ano ngati kusintha kwakanthawi, komwe Ahindu pomaliza pake akuchotsa kuponderezana kwazaka mazana ambiri ndi olamulira achisilamu akale a ku India, ndi gawo la mbiri yawo yabodza. Kunena zowona, mamiliyoni a Asilamu a ku India ali mbadwa za anthu amene anatembenukira ku Chisilamu kuthaลตa mchitidwe wankhanza wa Chihindu wa kusankhana mitundu.
Ngati Germany ya Nazi inali dziko lofuna kuyika malingaliro ake ku kontinenti (ndi kupitirira apo), kulimbikitsidwa kwa India wolamulidwa ndi RSS ndiko, mwanjira ina, mosiyana. Pano pali kontinenti yomwe ikufuna kudzichepetsera kukhala dziko. Osati ngakhale dziko, koma chigawo. Chigawo choyambirira, chachipembedzo. Izi zikukhala zachiwawa zosayerekezeka.
Palibe gulu lililonse la azungu, gulu la Nazi-Nazi omwe akuchulukirachulukira padziko lapansi masiku ano omwe angadzitamandire kuti ali ndi zomangamanga ndi mphamvu zomwe RSS imalamula. Ili ndi 57,000 shakhasโnthambiโmโdziko lonselo, ndi gulu lankhondo lodzipatulira la โantchito odzifuniraโ 600,000. Imayendetsa masukulu omwe mamiliyoni a ophunzira amalembetsa, ndipo ali ndi ntchito zake zachipatala, mabungwe ogwira ntchito, mabungwe a alimi, zofalitsa, ndi magulu a amayi. Posachedwapa, idalengeza kuti ikutsegula sukulu yophunzitsa anthu omwe akufuna kulowa nawo gulu lankhondo la India. Pansi pake dzuลตa-mabungwe ambiri akumanja, omwe amadziwika kuti Sangh Parivar - "banja la RSS" la RSS - achita bwino ndikuchulukana. Mabungwe ameneลตa, ofanana ndi andale a makampani a zipolopolo, ndiwo achititsa ziwawa zochititsa mantha kwa anthu angโonoangโono kumene, kwa zaka zambiri, zikwi zosaลตerengeka zaphedwa.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi wakhala membala wa RSS moyo wake wonse. Iye ndi chilengedwe cha RSS. Ngakhale si Brahmin, iye, kuposa wina aliyense m'mbiri yake, wakhala ndi udindo wosintha kukhala bungwe lamphamvu kwambiri ku India, ndi kulemba mutu wake wolemekezeka kwambiri. Ndizosautsa kubwereza nthawi zonse nkhani ya Modi kukwera paudindo, koma amnesia yovomerezeka mozungulira imapangitsa kubwerezanso kukhala ntchito.
Ntchito ya ndale ya Modi idayamba mu Okutobala 2001, patadutsa milungu ingapo kuukira kwa 9/11 ku United States, pomwe BJP idachotsa nduna yayikulu yosankhidwa ku Gujarat ndikuyika Modi m'malo mwake. Iye sanali, panthawiyo, ngakhale membala wosankhidwa wa msonkhano walamulo wa boma. Miyezi itatu ya nthawi yake yoyamba, panali mchitidwe woipa koma wodabwitsa wowotchamo amwendamnjira 59 Achihindu anawotchedwa mโsitima. Monga โkubwezera,โ magulu ankhondo achihindu atcheru anaukira boma molinganizidwa bwino. Pafupifupi anthu 2,500, pafupifupi onse Asilamu, adaphedwa masana dzuwa. Akazi anagwiriridwa ndi magulu achiwawa mโmisewu ya mโmizinda, ndipo zikwi makumi ambiri anathamangitsidwa mโnyumba zawo. Atangomaliza pogrom, Modi adayitana zisankho. Iye anapambana, osati ngakhale kuphedwako koma chifukwa cha izoโndipo anasankhidwanso kukhala nduna yaikulu kwa maulendo atatu otsatizana. Pa kampeni ya Modi ya 2014 ngati nduna yayikulu ya BJP - yomwe idawonetsanso kupha Asilamu, nthawi ino m'boma la Muzaffarnagar m'boma la Uttar Pradesh - mtolankhani wa Reuters adamufunsa ngati amanong'oneza bondo chifukwa cha 2002 ku Gujarat. Anayankha kuti anganong'oneze bondo ngakhale galu atamwalira mwangozi atalowa m'galimoto yake. Izi zinali zoyera, zophunzitsidwa bwino, RSS-kulankhula.
Modi atalumbiritsidwa kukhala nduna yayikulu ya 14 ku India, adakondweretsedwa osati chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi a Hindu Nationalists komanso ndi akatswiri azachuma komanso mabizinesi akuluakulu aku India, omasuka ambiri aku India, komanso ma TV apadziko lonse lapansi monga chithunzithunzi cha chiyembekezo ndi kupita patsogolo, mpulumutsi. mu suti yamalonda ya safironi, yomwe munthu weniweniyo ankaimira kugwirizana kwa chikhalidwe cha Chihindu chakale ndi chamakono, ndi chikapitalism chamsika wopanda malire.
Pomwe Modi adapereka Hindu Nationalism, adapunthwa kwambiri pamsika waulere. Kupyolera mu zolakwika zingapo, adabweretsa chuma cha India kugwada. Mu 2016, patangodutsa chaka chimodzi mu nthawi yake yoyamba, adalengeza pawailesi yakanema kuti, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndalama zonse za 500 ndi 1,000 rupees - kupitirira 80 peresenti ya ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa - zasiya kukhala zovomerezeka. Palibe chilichonse chonga chimenecho chinali chitachitikapo motere mโmbiri ya dziko lililonse. Ngakhale nduna ya zachuma kapena mlangizi wamkulu wa zachuma sanawonekere kukhala wodalirika. "Kuchita ziwanda" uku, Modi adati, kunali "kuchita opaleshoni" pazakatangale komanso ndalama zauchigawenga. Ichi chinali chuma chopanda pake, chithandizo chapakhomo chomwe chikuyesedwa pa dziko la anthu oposa biliyoni imodzi. Zinali zopweteka kwambiri. Koma panalibe zipolowe. Palibe zionetsero. Anthu anaima mofatsa pamzere kunja kwa mabanki kwa maola ambiri kuti asungitse ndalama zawo zakaleโnjira yokhayo yowawombola. No Chile, Catalonia, Lebanon, Hong Kong. Pafupifupi usiku wonse, ntchito zidasowa, ntchito yomanga idayima, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono adangotseka.
Ena aife mopusa tinkakhulupirira kuti kuchita zinthu mosaganizirako kudzakhala kutha kwa Modi. Tinalakwitsa bwanji. Anthu anasangalala. Anavutikaโkoma anasangalala. Zinali ngati kuti ululu wayambika kukhala chisangalalo. Monga ngati kuti kuzunzika kwawo kunali kupweteka kwa kubala kumene posachedwapa kudzabala India waulemerero, wotukuka, wachihindu.
Akatswiri azachuma ambiri amavomereza kuti demonetization, limodzi ndi New Goods and Services Tax Modi yomwe idalengezedwa posachedwa - kulonjeza "mtundu umodzi, msonkho umodzi" - inali lamulo lofanana ndi kuwombera matayala agalimoto yothamanga. Ngakhale boma limavomereza kuti ulova wakwera kwambiri kwa zaka 45. The 2019 Global Hunger Index ili ku India 102nd mwa mayiko 117. (Nepal akubwera pa 73rd, Bangladesh 88th, ndi Pakistan 94th).
Koma kuchita nawo ziwonetsero sikunali kwachuma kokha. Chinali chiyeso cha kukhulupirika, chiyeso cha chikondi chimene Mtsogoleri Wamkulu anali kutiyesa. Kodi tikanamutsatira, kodi tingamukonde nthaลตi zonse, zivute zitani? Tinatuluka ndi mitundu yowuluka. Nthawi yomwe ife monga anthu tinavomera kuchita ziwanda, tinadzipanga tokha ndikudzipereka ku ulamuliro wankhanza.
Koma zomwe zinali zoyipa mdzikolo zidakhala zabwino kwambiri kwa BJP. Pakati pa 2016 ndi 2017, ngakhale chuma chikakwera, idakhala chipani cholemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndalama zake zinawonjezeka ndi 81 peresenti, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ikhale yolemera kasanu kuposa mdani wake wamkulu, Congress Party, yomwe ndalama zake zidatsika ndi 14 peresenti. Zipani zingโonozingโono zandale zinali zitasokonekera. Chifuwa chankhondo ichi chidapambana zisankho zofunika kwambiri za BJP ku Uttar Pradesh, ndikusintha zisankho za 2019 kukhala mpikisano pakati pa Ferrari ndi njinga zingapo zakale. Ndipo popeza kuti zisankho zikuchulukirachulukira pankhani yandalama, mwayi wa chisankho chaufulu ndi chilungamo posachedwapa umawoneka wakutali. Chifukwa chake mwina kuchita ziwonetsero sikunali kolakwika.
Munthawi yachiwiri ya Modi, RSS yawonjezera masewera ake. Palibenso chikhalidwe cha mthunzi kapena chikhalidwe chofananira, icho is boma. Tsiku ndi tsiku, timawona zitsanzo za ulamuliro wake pa zoulutsira nkhani, apolisi, mabungwe azamalamulo. Chodetsa nkhawa, zikuwoneka kuti zili ndi mphamvu zambiri pamagulu ankhondo, nawonso. Akazembe ndi akazembe akunja akhala akubwera ku likulu la RSS ku Nagpur kukapereka ulemu wawo.
Zoona zake n'zakuti zinthu zafika pamlingo wakuti kulamulira mosabisa kanthu sikulinso kofunikira. Makanema opitilira ma TV mazana anayi usana ndi usiku, mamiliyoni amagulu a WhatsApp ndi makanema a TikTok amapangitsa kuti anthu azingodya mopanda tsankho.
Mโmwezi wa November Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri ku India linagamula mlandu umene ena amati ndi โnkhani yofunika kwambiri padziko lonse.โ Pa December 6, 1992, mโtauni ya Ayodhya, gulu lankhondo lachihindu la Ahindu, lolinganizidwa ndi BJP ndi Vishwa Hindu ParishadโWorld Hindu Councilโlinaphwanyiratu msikiti wazaka 450 kukhala fumbi. Iwo ankanena kuti mzikiti umenewu, womwe ndi Babri Masjid, unamangidwa pa mabwinja a kachisi wa Ahindu omwe anali malo omwe Ambuye Ram anabadwira. Anthu opitilira 2,000, makamaka Asilamu, adaphedwa paziwawa zomwe zidatsatira. M'chigamulo chake chaposachedwa, khotilo lidati Asilamu sangatsimikizire kuti malowa ndi okhawo komanso mosalekeza. M'malo mwake, idasandutsa malowa kukhala trust - yopangidwa ndi boma la BJP - yomwe idagwira ntchito yomanga kachisi wachihindu pamenepo. Pakhala pali kumangidwa kochuluka kwa anthu omwe amatsutsa chigamulochi. Bungwe la VHP lakana kubweza mawu ake am'mbuyomu kuti litembenukira ku mizikiti ina. Izi zitha kukhala kampeni yosatha-pambuyo pake, chilichonse chimamangidwa pachinthu china.
Ndi chikoka chomwe chuma chambiri chimapanga, BJP yakwanitsa kusankha, kugula, kapena kungophwanya opikisana nawo pandale. Kuwombera kovutirapo kwagwera pamaphwando okhala ndi maziko pakati pa a Dalit ndi ma castes ena osowa m'maboma a kumpoto kwa Uttar Pradesh ndi Bihar. Ambiri mwa ovota awo adasiya zipanizi - Bahujan Samaj Party, Rashriya Janata Dal ndi Samajwadi Party - ndikusamukira ku BJP. Kuti akwaniritse izi - ndipo sizongoyerekeza - BJP idagwira ntchito molimbika kuti igwiritse ntchito ndikuwulula maulamuliro omwe ali mkati mwa Dalit ndi anthu ovutika, omwe ali ndi chilengedwe chawo chamkati cha hegemony ndi kusala. Bokosi losefukira la BJP, komanso kumvetsetsa kwake kozama komanso kwanzeru zamagulu kwasinthiratu masamu anthawi zonse.
Atapeza mavoti a Dalit ndi ovutika, mfundo za BJP zopezera maphunziro mwachinsinsi komanso mabungwe aboma akubweza mwachangu zomwe apeza chifukwa chovomerezeka ku India chomwe chimadziwika kuti "kusungitsa" -kukankhira omwe ali m'magulu ovutika kusiya ntchito ndi masukulu. . Pakadali pano, National Crime Records Bureau ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwankhanza kwa a Dalits, kuphatikiza kumenyedwa ndi kukwapulidwa pagulu. Seputembala uno, pomwe Modi amalemekezedwa ndi Bill ndi Melinda Gates Foundation pomanga zimbudzi, ana awiri a Dalit, omwe nyumba yawo inali pobisalira pepala la pulasitiki, adamenyedwa mpaka kufa chifukwa choyatsidwa poyera. Kulemekeza nduna yayikulu chifukwa cha ntchito yake yosamalira ukhondo pomwe ma Dalits masauzande ambiri akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito yotaya zinyalala za anthu pamutu pawo - ndizosautsa.
Zomwe tikukhalamo tsopano, kuwonjezera pa kuukiridwa koonekera kwa zipembedzo zing'onozing'ono, ndi gulu loipitsitsa ndi nkhondo yamagulu.
Ikuti aphatikize zopindula zawo pazandale, njira yayikulu ya RSS ndi BJP ndikuyambitsa chipwirikiti chokhalitsa pamafakitale. Asunga khitchini yawo ndi miphika yophika yomwe imatha kuwira mwachangu ngati kuli kofunikira.
Pa Ogasiti 5, 2019, Nyumba Yamalamulo ya India mwachisawawa inaphwanya malamulo ofunikira a Instrument of Accession omwe dziko lakale la Jammu ndi Kashmir lidavomera kukhala gawo la India mu 1947. zomwe zinaphatikizapo ufulu wake wokhala ndi malamulo akeake ndi mbendera yake. Kuthetsedwa kwa bungwe lovomerezeka la boma kunatanthauzanso kuthetsedwa kwa Gawo 35A la malamulo oyendetsera dziko la India, lomwe lidapatsa nzika zakale ufulu ndi mwayi zomwe zidawapangitsa kukhala oyang'anira madera awo. Pokonzekera kusamukako, boma linatumiza asilikali oposa 50,000 pa ndege kuti akawonjezetse anthu masauzande ambiri amene analipo kale kumeneko. Pofika usiku wa pa Ogasiti 4, alendo odzaona malo ndi oyendayenda anali atasamutsidwa ku chigwa cha Kashmir. Sukulu ndi misika zidatsekedwa. Anthu oposa 4,000 anamangidwa: andale, amalonda, maloya, omenyera ufulu, atsogoleri a mโderalo, ophunzira, ndi nduna zazikulu zitatu zakale. Gulu lonse la ndale la Kashmir, kuphatikiza omwe akhala okhulupirika ku India, adamangidwa. Pofika pakati pausiku, Intaneti inali itadulidwa ndipo mafoni anafa.
Kuchotsedwa kwa udindo wapadera wa Kashmir, lonjezo la Kaundula wa nzika zonse za India, kumanga kachisi wa Ram ku Ayodhya - zonse zili kutsogolo kwa khitchini ya RSS ndi BJP. Kuti ayambitse zilakolako zodziwika bwino, zomwe akuyenera kuchita ndikusankha munthu wamba pagulu lawo ndikumasula agalu ankhondo. Pali magulu angapo a zigawenga - ma jihadis aku Pakistani, zigawenga zaku Kashmiri, "olowa" aku Bangladeshi, kapena m'modzi mwa Asilamu aku India pafupifupi 200 miliyoni omwe nthawi zonse anganene kuti ndi okonda Pakistan kapena osaukira dziko lawo. Iliyonse ya "makhadi" awa imasungidwa kwa imzake, ndipo kaลตirikaลตiri amapangidwa kuti ayimire imzake. Iwo alibe chochita ndi wina ndi mzake, ndipo nthawi zambiri amadana wina ndi mzake chifukwa zosowa zawo, zilakolako, malingaliro awo, ndi mikhalidwe sizongopeka chabe, koma potsirizira pake amaika chiopsezo kwa wina ndi mzake. Chifukwa chakuti onse ndi Asilamu, aliyense ayenera kuvutika ndi zotsatira za zochita za ena.
Mu zisankho ziwiri za dziko lino, BJP yawonetsa kuti ikhoza kupambana ambiri munyumba yamalamulo popanda "voti ya Asilamu". Chotsatira chake, Asilamu a ku India adachotsedwa ntchito, ndipo akukhala anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha anthu-mudzi wopanda oimira ndale, opanda mawu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kunyanyala kosadziwika bwino ikukankhira pansi pazachuma, ndipo, chifukwa cha chitetezo chathupi, kupita kumalo osungira. Asilamu a ku India atayanso malo awo muzofalitsa zodziwika bwino - mawu okhawo achisilamu omwe timamva pa ma TV ndi ochepa chabe omwe amaitanidwa nthawi zonse ndi mwadala kuti achite nawo mbali ya Asilamu oyambirira, kuti awononge zinthu kuposa momwe alili kale. Kupatula apo, mawu okhawo ovomerezeka a gulu la Asilamu ndikubwereza mobwerezabwereza ndikuwonetsa kukhulupirika kwawo ku mbendera ya India. Chifukwa chake, pomwe a Kashmiris, adachitidwa nkhanza chifukwa cha mbiri yawo ndipo, koposa zonse, geography yawo, akadali ndi ngalawa yopulumutsira moyo-maloto a azadi, ya ufulu-Asilamu aku India akuyenera kukhala pa sitimayo kuti athandize kukonza sitimayo yomwe yasweka.
(Pali gulu linanso la "otsutsa dziko" - omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, maloya, ophunzira, ophunzira, "maoist a m'tawuni" - omwe adanyozedwa, kutsekeredwa m'ndende, kulowa nawo milandu, kunyozedwa ndi akazitape a Israeli, ndipo, m'malo angapo. kuphedwa. Koma ndiwo makhadi ena onse.)
Kuwomberedwa kwa Tabrez Ansari kukuwonetsa momwe sitimayo idasweka, komanso kuvunda kwake. Lynching, monga momwe inu mu United States mukudziลตira bwino lomwe, ndi chochitika chapoyera chakupha mwamwambo, mmene mwamuna kapena mkazi amaphedwa kuti akumbutse anthu a mโdera lawo kuti amachitira chifundo gulu la anthu. Ndipo kuti apolisi, malamulo, bomaโkomanso anthu abwino mโnyumba zawo, amene sangavulaze ntchentche, amene amapita kuntchito ndi kusamalira mabanja awoโonsewo ali mabwenzi a gululo. Tabrez adaphedwa mu June. Anali mwana wamasiye, woleredwa ndi amalume ake ku Jharkhand. Ali wachinyamata, anapita ku mzinda wa Pune, kumene anakapeza ntchito yowotcherera zitsulo. Atakwanitsa zaka 22, anabwerera kwawo kuti akakwatire. Tsiku lotsatira atakwatirana ndi Shahista wazaka 18, Tabrez anagwidwa ndi gulu la anthu, atamangidwa pamtengo, anamenyedwa kwa maola ambiri ndikukakamizika kuimba mfuu yatsopano ya nkhondo yachihindu, "Jai Shri Ram!โ โ Victory to Lord Ram! Pambuyo pake apolisi adatenga Tabrez m'ndende koma adakana kuti banja lake ndi mkwatibwi wake yemwe anali wokhumudwa amutengere kuchipatala. Mโmalomwake, anamโneneza kuti ndi wakuba, ndipo anamโbweretsa kwa woweruza milandu, amene anamโbwezeranso mโndende. Anafera komweko patatha masiku anayi.
Mu lipoti lake laposachedwa, lomwe latulutsidwa koyambirira kwa mwezi uno, National Crime Records Bureau yasiya mosamalitsa zambiri zokhudzana ndi nkhanza zamagulu. Malinga ndi tsamba lazankhani zaku India Quint, pakhala anthu 113 omwe afa chifukwa cha ziwawa zamagulu kuyambira 2015. Lynchers, ndi ena omwe akuimbidwa milandu yachidani kuphatikizapo kupha anthu ambiri apatsidwa mphoto ndi maudindo aboma ndikulemekezedwa ndi nduna mu nduna ya Modi. Modi mwiniwake, yemwe nthawi zambiri amakhala wamanyazi pa Twitter, wowolowa manja ndi moni komanso moni wokumbukira tsiku lobadwa, amakhala chete nthawi iliyonse yomwe munthu wanyongedwa. Mwina nโzosamveka kuyembekezera kuti nduna yaikulu inenepo kanthu nthawi iliyonse galu akamadutsa mโgalimoto ya munthu wina. Makamaka chifukwa zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Kuno ku United States, pa Seputembara 22, 2019 โ patadutsa masiku asanu phwando la kubadwa kwa Modi ku Narmada dam site โ 60,000 Indian Americans adasonkhana mu NRG Stadium ku Houston. "Modi, Modi!" extravaganza kumeneko zakhala kale zinthu za m'tauni nthano. Purezidenti Donald Trump adachita mwachisomo kulola nduna yayikulu yobwera kudzamuwonetsa ngati mlendo wapadera m'dziko lake, kwa nzika zake. Mamembala angapo a Congress ya ku United States analankhula, kumwetulira kwawo kwakukulu, matupi awo olinganizidwa mโmikhalidwe yosonyeza kusakhutira. Pang'onopang'ono ya ng'oma ndi kusekerera koopsa, khamu lopembedza linkaimba, "Modi! Modi! Modi!โ Kumapeto kwawonetsero, a Trump ndi Modi adalumikizana manja ndikuchita chipambano. Bwaloli linaphulika. Ku India, phokosolo linakulitsidwa kuลตirikiza nthaลตi chikwi chifukwa cha kuulutsidwa kwa kapeti pa mawailesi a wailesi yakanema. โHowdyโ linakhala liwu la Chihindi. Panthawiyi, mabungwe ofalitsa nkhani ananyalanyaza anthu masauzande ambiri omwe ankachita zionetsero kunja kwa bwaloli.
Sikuti kubangula konse kwa anthu 60,000 mu bwalo la Houston komwe kungathe kubisa phokoso logontha kuchokera ku Kashmir. Tsikulo, pa Seputembara 22, lidakhala tsiku la 48 lachiletso komanso kuletsa kulumikizana m'chigwachi.
Apanso, Modi wakwanitsa kutulutsa mtundu wake wapadera wankhanza pamlingo womwe sunamveke masiku ano. Ndipo, kachiwiri, zamupangitsa kuti azikondedwa kwambiri ndi anthu ake okhulupirika. Pamene lamulo la Jammu ndi Kashmir Reorganization Bill lidaperekedwa ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ku India pa Ogasiti 6, panali zikondwerero pazandale. Maswiti anagaลตidwa mโmaofesi, ndipo kunali kuvina mโmakwalala. Kugonjetsaโkuloลตerera kwa atsamunda, kupambana kwina kwa Mtundu wa Chihinduโkunali kukondweretsedwa. Apanso, maso a ogonjetsawo anagwera pa zikho ziลตiri zoyambiriraโakazi ndi nthaka. Mawu a ndale akuluakulu a BJP, ndi makanema okonda dziko lawo omwe adawonetsa malingaliro mamiliyoni ambiri, adatsimikizira izi. Google Trends yawonetsa kuchuluka kwakusaka mawu akuti "kwatiwa ndi mtsikana waku Kashmiri" ndi "kugula malo ku Kashmir."
Sizinali zokhazo pakusaka mwamwayi pa Google. Patangopita masiku ochepa kuchokera pamene mzindawo unazingidwa, Komiti Yoona za Zankhalango inachotsa ntchito zokwana 125 zimene zimaloลตetsamo kupatutsa nkhalango kaamba ka ntchito zina.
M'masiku oyambirira a kutsekedwa, nkhani zazing'ono zinatuluka m'chigwa. Oulutsa nkhani ku India anatiuza zimene boma linkafuna kuti timve. Nyuzipepala za Kashmiri zidafufuzidwa kwathunthu. Ananyamula masamba ndi masamba a nkhani zokhudza maukwati othetsedwa, zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo, kusungidwa kwa nyanja ndi malo osungira nyama zakuthengo, malangizo amomwe mungakhalire ndi matenda a shuga ndi zotsatsa za boma za tsamba lakutsogolo zokhudza ubwino umene malamulo atsopano a Kashmir angabweretse. kwa anthu a Kashmiri. "Zopindulitsa" izi zikuphatikizanso kumanga madamu akulu omwe amawongolera ndikuwongolera madzi amitsinje yomwe imayenda kudutsa Kashmir. Zidzaphatikizaponso kukokoloka kumene kumabwera chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuwonongedwa kwa malo osalimba a zachilengedwe a ku Himalaya, ndi kulandidwa kwa chuma chambiri chachilengedwe cha Kashmir ndi mabungwe aku India.
Malipoti enieni onena za miyoyo ya anthu wamba makamaka adachokera kwa atolankhani ndi ojambula omwe amagwira ntchito zoulutsira nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi - Agence France-Presse, Associated Press, Al Jazeera, The Guardian, BBC, The New York Timesndipo The Washington Post. Atolankhani, makamaka a Kashmiris, akugwira ntchito mopanda zidziwitso, popanda zida zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kwa atolankhani amakono, adadutsa dziko lawo pachiwopsezo chachikulu, kuti atibweretsere nkhani. Ndipo nkhani inali ya zigawenga za usiku, za anyamata akusonkhanitsidwa ndi kumenyedwa kwa maola ambiri, kukuwa kwawo kumaulutsidwa pamaadiresi a anthu kuti anansi awo ndi mabanja awo amve, za asirikali akulowa mโnyumba za anthu akumudzi ndi kusakaniza feteleza ndi mafuta a palafini mu chakudya chawo chachisanu. katundu. Nkhaniyi inali ya achinyamata omwe ali ndi matupi awo omwe ali ndi mfuti zowombera kunyumba, chifukwa amamangidwa akapita kuchipatala. Nkhaniyi inali ya ana mazana ambiri akuthamangitsidwa usiku, makolo atafowoka chifukwa cha kusimidwa ndi nkhawa. Nkhaniyi inali ya mantha ndi mkwiyo, kupsinjika maganizo, chisokonezo, kutsimikiza mtima, ndi kukana kwa incandescent.
Koma nduna ya zamkati, Amit Shah, adanena kuti kuzingidwaku kumangokhala m'malingaliro a anthu; bwanamkubwa wa Jammu ndi Kashmir, Satya Pal Malik, adati mafoni a m'manja sanali ofunikira ku Kashmiris ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zigawenga; ndipo wamkulu wankhondo, Bipin Rawat, adati, "Moyo wamba ku Jammu ndi Kashmir sunakhudzidwe. Anthu akugwira ntchito yawo yofunika. . . . Anthu amene akuona kuti moyo wakhudzidwa ndi anthu amene kupulumuka kwawo kumadalira uchigawenga.โ Sizovuta kudziwa omwe boma la India likuwona ngati zigawenga.
Tangoganizani ngati mzinda wonse wa New York udayikidwa pansi pazidziwitso zotsekera komanso nthawi yofikira panyumba yoyendetsedwa ndi mazana masauzande ankhondo. Tangoganizirani misewu ya mzinda wanu yokonzedwanso ndi mawaya ndi malo ozunzirako anthu. Tangoganizani ngati mini-Abu Ghraibs atawonekera m'dera lanu. Tangoganizani zikwi za inu akumangidwa ndipo mabanja anu osadziwa kumene mwatengedwera. Tangolingalirani kukhala osakhoza kulankhulana ndi aliyenseโosati mnansi wanu, osati okondedwa anu kunja kwa mzinda, opanda aliyense wakunjaโkwa milungu ingapo. Tangoganizani mabanki ndi masukulu akutsekedwa, ana atsekeredwa mโnyumba zawo. Yerekezerani kuti kholo lanu, mbale wanu, mnzanu, kapena mwana wanu akufa ndipo kwa milungu ingapo osadziwa zimenezo. Tangoganizirani zadzidzidzi zachipatala, zadzidzidzi, zamwadzidzidzi, kusowa kwa chakudya, ndalama, mafuta. Tangoganizani kukhala wogwila nchito tsiku limodzi kapena wogwila nchito ya contract, osapeza kanthu kwa milungu ingapo. Ndiyeno yerekezerani kuti mukuuzidwa kuti zonsezi zinali zokomera inuyo.
Zowopsya zomwe a Kashmiris adapirira m'miyezi ingapo yapitayi zimabwera pamwamba pa zowawa za nkhondo yazaka 30 yomwe yatenga kale miyoyo ya 70,000 ndikuphimba chigwa chawo ndi manda. Iwo apitirizabe pamene chirichonse chikuchitidwa pa iwoโnkhondo, ndalama, chizunzo, kuzimiririka kwaunyinji, gulu lankhondo la asilikali oposa theka la miliyoni, ndi ndawala yoipa imene chiลตerengero chonse cha anthu chasonyezedwa kukhala ochirikiza kupha munthu.
Kuzingidwaku kwatha kwa miyezi yoposa itatu tsopano. Atsogoleri a Kashmiri akadali m'ndende. Chinthu chokhacho chomwe amapatsidwa kuti amasulidwe ndi kusaina chikalata choti asanene poyera kwa chaka chonse. Ambiri akana.
Tsopano, nthawi yofikira kunyumba yachepetsedwa, masukulu atsegulidwanso ndipo mafoni ena abwezeretsedwa. "Normalcy" yalengezedwa. Ku Kashmir, zachilendo nthawi zonse zimakhala chilengezo - zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi boma kapena asitikali. Zilibe chochita ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu.
Pakadali pano, a Kashmiris akana kuvomereza chikhalidwe chatsopanochi. Mโmakalasi mulibe, misewu mulibe ndipo maapulo a mโchigwa akuwola mโminda ya zipatso. Ndi chiyani chomwe chingakhale chovuta kwa kholo kapena mlimi kupirira? Chiwonongeko chayandikira cha kudziwika kwawo, mwina.
Gawo latsopano la mkangano wa Kashmir wayamba kale. Zigawenga zachenjeza kuti, kuyambira pano, Amwenye onse azitengedwa ngati zolinga zovomerezeka. Anthu opitilira khumi, makamaka osauka, osamuka ku Kashmiri, awomberedwa kale. (Inde, ndi osauka, pafupifupi nthawi zonse osauka, amene amagwidwa mu mzere wa moto.) Zidzakhala zoipa. Zonyansa kwambiri.
Posachedwapa mbiri yaposachedwa iyi idzaiwalika, ndipo padzakhalanso mikangano m'ma studio apawailesi yakanema yomwe imapanga kufanana pakati pa nkhanza za asitikali aku India ndi zigawenga za Kashmiri. Lankhulani za Kashmir, ndipo boma la India ndi atolankhani ake adzakuuzani nthawi yomweyo za Pakistan, kusokoneza mwadala zolakwa za dziko lachilendo lachilendo ndi zikhumbo za demokalase za anthu wamba omwe akukhala pansi pa usilikali. Boma la India lanena momveka bwino kuti njira yokhayo ku Kashmiris ndi kugonjera kwathunthu, kuti palibe kukana kovomerezeka - zachiwawa, zopanda chiwawa, zolankhulidwa, zolembedwa, kapena zoyimba. Komabe a Kashmiri amadziwa kuti kuti akhalepo, ayenera kukana.
Nโchifukwa chiyani akufuna kukhala mbali ya India? Chifukwa chiyani padziko lapansi? Ngati ufulu ndi umene iwo akufuna, ufulu ndi umene ayenera kukhala nawo.
Ndi zomwe Amwenye ayenera kufuna, nawonso. Osati m'malo mwa Kashmiris, koma chifukwa cha iwo eni. Nkhanza zomwe zikuchitika m'dzina lawo zimaphatikizapo mtundu wina wa dzimbiri womwe India sangakhale nawo. Kashmir sangagonjetse India, koma idya India. Munjira zambiri, zatero kale.
Take mwina sanali ofunikira kwambiri kwa 60,000 omwe anali kusangalala mu bwalo la masewera la Houston, kukhala ndi maloto apamwamba a Indian kuti apite ku America. Kwa iwo, Kashmir atha kukhala chovuta chakale, chomwe amakhulupirira mopusa kuti BJP yapeza yankho losatha. Zowonadi, komabe, monga osamukira kumayiko ena, kumvetsetsa kwawo zomwe zikuchitika ku Assam kungakhale kokulirapo. Kapena mwina ndizovuta kwambiri kufunsa kwa iwo omwe, m'dziko lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi zovuta za othawa kwawo komanso othawa kwawo, ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi wambiri wosamukira. Ambiri mwa omwe ali mubwalo lamasewera la Houston, monga anthu okhala ndi tchuthi chowonjezera, mwina ali ndi ziphaso za nzika zaku US komanso nzika zaku India zaku India.
"Modi, Modi!" Mwambowu udakhala tsiku la 22 kuyambira pomwe anthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni ku Assam adapeza kuti mayina awo alibe mu National Register of Citizens.
Monga Kashmir, Assam ndi dziko lamalire lomwe lili ndi mbiri ya maulamuliro angapo, okhala ndi zaka zambiri zakusamuka, nkhondo, kuwukiridwa, kusuntha kosalekeza malire, atsamunda aku Britain, komanso zaka zopitilira 70 za demokalase yamasankho zomwe zangokulitsa mizere yolakwika pakuyaka koopsa. anthu.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ngati NRC ngakhale zidachitika zikugwirizana ndi mbiri yakale ya Assam. Assam anali mโgulu la madera amene Abarmese anapatsidwa kwa a British pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yoyamba ya Anglo-Burma mu 1826. Panthaลตiyo, unali chigawo cha nkhalango zowirira, chopanda anthu ambiri, komwe kumakhala midzi yambirimbiriโpakati pawo panali Bodos, Santhals, Cachar, Mishing, Lalung, Ahomi Hindus, and Ahomi Muslimsโaliyense ali ndi chinenero chake kapena kalankhulidwe kake, aliyense ali ndi ubale wachilengedwe, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri ulibe zikalata zolembedwa, kudziko. Monga microcosm yaku India, Assam nthawi zonse yakhala gulu la anthu ochepa omwe akupikisana kuti apange mgwirizano kuti apange ambiri - amitundu komanso azilankhulo. Chilichonse chomwe chinasintha kapena kusokoneza mgwirizano womwe udalipo chidakhala choyambitsa chiwawa.
Mbewu za kusintha koteroko zinafesedwa mu 1826, pamene a British, olamulira atsopano a Assam, anapanga Chibengali chinenero chovomerezeka cha chigawocho. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi ntchito zonse za utsogoleri ndi boma zidatengedwa ndi anthu ophunzira, Achihindu, olankhula Chibengali. Ngakhale kuti ndondomekoyi idasinthidwa mu 1874, ndipo Assamese adapatsidwa udindo wovomerezeka pamodzi ndi Chibengali, adasintha mphamvu zamphamvu m'njira zazikulu ndikuwonetsa chiyambi cha zomwe zakhala pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zotsutsana pakati pa olankhula Assamese ndi Bengali.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za mโma 19, anthu a ku Britain anapeza kuti nyengo ndi nthaka ya mโderali nโnjothandiza kulima tiyi. Anthu am'deralo sanafune kugwira ntchito ngati serf m'minda ya tiyi, motero anthu ambiri amtundu wawo adasamutsidwa kuchokera pakati pa India. Iwo sanali osiyana ndi zombo zodzaza ndi antchito a ku India omwe a British ankawatengera kumadera awo padziko lonse lapansi. Masiku ano, ogwira ntchito m'minda ku Assam amapanga 15 mpaka 20 peresenti ya anthu m'boma. Koma mosiyana, tinene kuti, anthu ochokera ku India ku South Africa, ku India, mwamanyazi, ogwira ntchitowa amanyozedwa ndi anthu akumeneko, ndipo akupitirizabe kukhala mโminda, chifukwa cha chifundo cha eni minda ndi kulandira malipiro a akapolo.
Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1890, pamene makampani a tiyi ankakula komanso pamene zigwa za East Bengal zoyandikana nazo zinafika malire a kulima kwawo, a British analimbikitsa alimi achi Muslim Muslim-odziwa luso laulimi m'zigwa zolemera, zamatope, za mitsinje ndi zilumba zosuntha. wa Brahmaputra, wotchedwa akasinja-kusamukira ku Assam. Kwa Britain, nkhalango ndi zigwa za Assam zinali, ngati si Terra nullius, ndiye Terra. pafupifupi- nuli. Sanalembetse kupezeka kwa mafuko ambiri a Assam, ndipo adagawira mwaufulu zomwe zinali zamitundu kwa alimi "obala" omwe zokolola zawo zimathandizira kusonkhanitsa ndalama zaku Britain. Osamukawo anafika mโzikwizikwi, nโkugwetsa nkhalango, ndi kusandutsa madambo kukhala minda. Pofika m'chaka cha 1930, kusamuka kudasintha kwambiri chuma komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Assam.
Poyamba, osamukirawo analandiridwa bwino ndi magulu a fuko la Assamese, koma posakhalitsa panabuka mikanganoโmafuko, zipembedzo ndi zinenero. Iwo anachepetsedwa kwakanthawi pamene, mu kalembera wa 1937, monga chizindikiro cha mgwirizano ndi dziko lawo latsopano, chiwerengero chonse cha Asilamu olankhula Chibengali - omwe zilankhulo zawo zakumaloko zimadziwika kuti chilankhulo cha Miya - adatcha Assamese kukhala chilankhulo chawo, kutero kuti idasungabe udindo wa chilankhulo chovomerezeka. Ngakhale lero, zilankhulo za Miya zimalembedwa m'malemba a Assamese.
Kwa zaka zambiri, malire a Assam adasinthidwa mosalekeza, pafupifupi modabwitsa. Pamene a British adagawa Bengal mu 1905, adagwirizanitsa chigawo cha Assam ku East Bengal-ambiri Asilamu, ndi Dhaka monga likulu lake. Mwadzidzidzi, omwe anali osamukira ku Assam sanalinso osamukira, koma gawo la ambiri. Zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo pake, pomwe Bengal idalumikizidwanso ndipo Assam idakhala chigawo chake, anthu aku Bengali adasamukanso. Pambuyo pa Gawo la 1947, pomwe East Bengal idakhala East Pakistan, Asilamu omwe adachokera ku Bengal ku Assam adasankha kukhalabe. Koma Kugawikana kudapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa anthu othawa kwawo ku Bengali ku Assam, Ahindu komanso Asilamu. Izi zidatsatiridwa mu 1971 ndi chiwembu chinanso cha othawa kwawo omwe adathawa chiwembu chophera fuko la Asitikali a Pakistani ku East Pakistan ndi nkhondo yomenyera ufulu yomwe idatulutsa dziko latsopano la Bangladesh, lomwe pamodzi lidapha mamiliyoni a anthu.
Chifukwa chake Assam anali gawo la East Bengal, ndiye kuti sizinali choncho. East Bengal inakhala East Pakistan ndipo East Pakistan inakhala Bangladesh. Mayiko anasintha, mbendera zinasintha, nyimbo zamtundu wina zinasintha. Mizinda inakula, nkhalango inagwetsedwa, madambo anatengedwanso, mikhalidwe ya mafuko yomezedwa ndi โchitukukoโ chamakono. Ndipo ming'alu pakati pa anthu idakalamba ndikulimba komanso yosasunthika.
Boma la India likunyadira kwambiri gawo lomwe lidachita pakumasulidwa kwa Bangladesh ku Pakistan. Indira Gandhi, yemwe anali nduna yayikulu panthawiyo, adanyalanyaza ziwopsezo za China ndi United States, omwe anali ogwirizana ndi Pakistan, ndipo adatumiza gulu lankhondo la India kuti liletse kupha anthu. Kunyada kumeneko kumenya "nkhondo yolungama" sikunatanthauze chilungamo kapena kukhudzidwa kwenikweni, kapena mtundu uliwonse wa ndondomeko ya boma yoganizira za othawa kwawo kapena anthu a Assam ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo.
Kufunika kwa National Register of Citizens ku Assam kudachokera m'mbiri yapaderayi, yosautsa, komanso yovuta. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, mawu oti "dziko" pano sakutanthauza India monga momwe amachitira ku dziko la Assam. Kufuna kukonzanso NRC yoyamba, yomwe idachitika mu 1951, idachokera kugulu lotsogozedwa ndi ophunzira la Assamese lomwe lidafika pachimake pakati pa 1979 ndi 1985, limodzi ndi gulu la zigawenga lomwe anthu masauzande ambiri adataya miyoyo yawo. Asitikali amtundu wa Assamese adayitanitsa zisankho pokhapokha ngati "alendo" achotsedwa pamasankho - kuyimba momveka bwino kunali "3D," yomwe imayimira Detect, Delete, Deport. Chiwerengero cha omwe amati ndi akunja, malinga ndi malingaliro enieni, chikuyembekezeka kukhala pakati pa 5 miliyoni ndi 8 miliyoni. Kusunthako mwamsanga kunasanduka chiwawa. Kupha anthu, kutentha, kuphulika kwa mabomba, ndi zionetsero za anthu ambiri zinayambitsa udani ndi mkwiyo wosalamulirika kwa โakunja.โ Pofika mu 1979, dzikolo linali litayaka moto. Ngakhale kuti gululi lidalunjika ku Bengalis ndi olankhula Chibengali, magulu achihindu agululi adapatsanso gulu lodana ndi Asilamu. Mu 1983, izi zinafika pachimake pa kuphana koopsa kwa Nellie, komwe Asilamu opitilira 2,000 ochokera ku Bengal adaphedwa m'maola asanu ndi limodzi.
In Zomwe Amakumbukira, nkhani yofotokoza za kuphedwako, Msilamu wina wachikulire yemwe anataya ana ake onse chifukwa cha chiwawacho akufotokoza mmene mmodzi wa ana ake aakazi anali, kutatsala tsiku limodzi kuti aphedwe, anali nawo pa ulendo wopempha kuti โalendoโ achotsedwe. Mawu ake akumwalira, iye anati, "Atate, kodi ndife alendo?"
Mu 1985, atsogoleri a ophunzira a chipwirikiti cha Assam adapambana zisankho zapamsonkhano wa boma ndikupanga boma la boma. Chaka chomwecho, adasaina Pangano la Assam ndi boma lalikulu. Tsiku linagwirizana: Iwo omwe adafika ku Assam pakati pausiku pa 24 Marichi 1971 - tsiku lomwe Asitikali a Pakistani adayamba kuwukira anthu wamba ku East Pakistan - adzathamangitsidwa. Kusinthidwa kwa NRC kudapangidwa kuti ayese "nzika zenizeni" za Assam kuchokera kwa "olowa" pambuyo pa 1971.
Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, "olowera" omwe adapezeka ndi apolisi akumalire, kapena omwe adalengeza kuti "Ovotera Okayikitsa" - D-Voters - ndi akuluakulu azisankho, adazengedwa pansi pa lamulo la Illegal Migrants (Detection by Tribunal), loperekedwa mu 1983 ndi Congress. boma pansi pa Indira Gandhi. Pofuna kuteteza anthu angโonoangโono ku chizunzo, lamulo la IMDT linaika udindo wotsutsa unzika wa munthu kwa apolisi kapena chipani chomuimba mlanduโmโmalo molemetsa woimbidwa mlanduwo posonyeza kuti ndi nzika. Kuyambira 1997, oposa 300,000 a D-voti ndi Declared Foreigners akhala akuzengedwa mlandu m'makhoti akunja. Mazana angapo akadali otsekeredwa m'ndende, m'ndende zomwe zili m'ndende momwe omangidwa alibe ngakhale ufulu womwe zigawenga wamba zimakhala nazo.
Mu 2005, Khoti Lalikulu linagamula mlandu womwe unapempha kuti lamulo la IMDT lithetsedwe chifukwa linachititsa kuti โkungopezeka ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwa anthu olowa mโdzikolo kunali kosatheka.โ M'chigamulo chake chothetsa chigamulochi, khotilo lidati, "palibe kukayikira kuti boma la Assam likukumana ndi "nkhanza zakunja komanso chisokonezo chamkati" chifukwa chakusamuka kwakukulu kwa nzika zaku Bangladeshi. Tsopano, idayika udindo wotsimikizira kukhala nzika pa nzika. Izi zidasinthiratu paradigm, ndikukhazikitsa njira ya NRC yatsopano, yosinthidwa. Mlanduwu udaperekedwa ndi Sarbananda Sonowal, Purezidenti wakale wa All Assam Students 'Union yemwe tsopano ali ndi BJP, ndipo pano ndi nduna yayikulu ya Assam.
Mu 2013, bungwe la NGO lotchedwa Assam Public Works lidapereka mlandu kukhothi Lalikulu lopempha kuti mayina a anthu osamukira kumayiko ena achotsedwe pamipukutu ya zisankho. Mโkupita kwa nthaลตi, mlanduwo unatumizidwa ku khoti la Justice Ranjan Gogoi, yemwe ndi wa Assamese.
Mu Disembala 2014, a Justice Gogoi adalamula kuti mndandanda wosinthidwa wa NRC utulutsidwe kukhothi lake pasanathe chaka. Palibe amene adadziwa zomwe zingachitike kapena zomwe zingachitike kwa "olowa" okwana 5 miliyoni omwe akuyembekezeka kuzindikirika. Palibe kukayikira kuti adathamangitsidwa ku Bangladesh. Kodi anthu ambiri angatsekeredwe m'misasa yandende? Kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? Kodi adzalandidwa unzika?
Mamiliyoni a anthu okhala mโmidzi yakutali ankayembekezeredwa kutulutsa zikalata zotchulidwa โ โmapepala a cholowaโ โomwe anatsimikizira mzera wachindunji ndi wosasweka wa makolo awo kuyambira mโchaka cha 1971. Tsiku lomaliza la Khoti Lalikulu linapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yovuta. Anthu a m'midzi osauka, osaphunzira anaperekedwa m'gulu la akuluakulu a boma, malamulo, zolemba, milandu yamilandu, ndi nkhanza zonse za skulduggery zomwe zimayendera nawo.
Njira yokhayo yofikira kumidzi yakutali, yokhala ndi anthu ochepa chabe pazilumba za โcharโ zosunthika, za mchenga za Brahmaputra ndi mabwato omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala odzaza mowopsa. Pafupifupi zilumba za Char 2,500 ndi zopereka zamuyaya, zomwe zitha kulandidwa nthawi iliyonse ndi Brahmaputra wodziwika bwino ndikuperekedwanso kwina, mwanjira ina kapena mawonekedwe ena. Malo okhalamo ndi osakhalitsa, ndipo nyumbazo ndi zisakasa. Komabe zilumba zina ndi zachonde kwambiri, ndipo alimi pazilumbazi ndi aluso kwambiri, moti amalima mbewu zitatu pachaka. Kusakhazikika kwawo, komabe, kwatanthauza kusakhalapo kwa zikalata za malo, chitukuko, masukulu ndi zipatala.
M'mamoto opanda chonde omwe ndidawachezera koyambirira kwa mwezi watha, umphawi umakugwerani ngati madzi akuda, olemera ndi amchere a Brahmaputra. Zizindikiro zokhazokha zamasiku ano zinali matumba apulasitiki owala omwe anali ndi zikalata zomwe eni ake - omwe amasonkhana mwachangu mozungulira alendo - amatha kuwerenga koma amangoyang'ana moda nkhawa, ngati akuyesera kutulutsa mawonekedwe omwe adazimiririka pamasamba omwe adazimiririka ndikuyesa ngati angapulumutse. iwo ndi ana awo ochokera kundende yayikulu yatsopano yomwe adamva kuti ikumangidwa mkati mwa nkhalango za Goalpara. Tangoganizani kuchuluka kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ngati awa, ofooka, okhazikika ndi mantha komanso akuda nkhawa ndi zolemba zawo. Si ntchito ya usilikali, koma ndi ntchito ndi zolemba. Zolemba izi ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali za anthu, zosamalidwa mwachikondi kuposa mwana kapena kholo lililonse. Iwo apulumuka kusefukira kwa madzi ndi mikuntho ndi mtundu uliwonse wa ngozi. Alimi otenthedwa ndi dzuwa, amuna ndi akazi, akatswiri a dzikoli komanso mmene mtsinjewu ulili, amagwiritsa ntchito mawu achingerezi monga "legacy document," "link paper," "certified copy," "re-verification," "reference" case,โ โD-voter,โ โdeclared foreigner,โ โvoter list,โ โcertification of refugeeโโngati kuti anali mawu mโchinenero chawo. Ali. NRC yatulutsa mawu akeake. Mawu achisoni kwambiri m'menemo ndi "nzika yeniyeni."
Mโmudzi ndi mโmudzi, anthu ankanena nkhani za kupatsidwa zidziwitso usiku zomwe zimawalamula kuti akaonekere kukhoti patali makilomita mazana awiri kapena atatu pofika mโmawa. Iwo analongosola za mkangano wosonkhanitsa achibale awo ndi zikalata zawo, kukwera kwachinyengo mโmabwato angโonoangโono kuwoloka mtsinje wothamanga mumdima wandiweyani, kukambitsirana ndi onyamula zimbudzi mโmphepete mwa nyanja amene anamva kuthedwa nzeru kwawo ndi kuchulukitsa mitengo yawo katatu, kuyenda mosasamala usiku wonse. mโmisewu ikuluikulu yoopsa. Nkhani yochititsa mantha kwambiri imene ndinaimva inali ya banja lina lomwe linkayenda pa galimoto yonyamula katundu yomwe inagundana ndi galimoto yonyamula migolo ya phula. Migoloyo inagubuduzika, ndipo banja lovulalalo linakutidwa ndi phula. โPamene ndinapita kukaonana nawo mโchipatala,โ wochirikiza wachichepere amene ndinali kuyenda naye anati, โmwana wawo wamngโono anali kuyesa kuthyola phula pakhungu lake ndi timiyala tingโonotingโono tomwe tinkamomo. Anayangโana amayi ake nโkuwafunsa kuti, โKodi tidzathetsa vutoli kala daag [kusalidwa] pokhala alendo?โโ
Ndipo komabe, ngakhale zonsezi, ngakhale kukayikira za ndondomekoyi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwake, kusinthidwa kwa NRC kunalandiridwa pafupifupi aliyense ku Assam, aliyense pazifukwa zake. Okonda dziko la Assamese akuyembekeza kuti mamiliyoni a anthu olowa mu Chibengali, Ahindu komanso Asilamu, adziwika ndikulengezedwa kuti "akunja." Mafuko awo ankayembekezera kuti adzabwezeredwa chifukwa cha zoipa zimene zinawachitikira. Ahindu komanso Asilamu ochokera ku Bengal ankafuna kuti mayina awo awoneke pa NRC kuti atsimikizire kuti anali Amwenye "enieni", kotero kuti kala daag kukhala โmlendoโ akanatha kugonekedwa kamodzi kokha. Ndipo okonda dziko lachi Hindu - omwe tsopano ali m'boma ku Assam, nawonso - amafuna kuwona mamiliyoni a mayina achisilamu achotsedwa ku NRC. Aliyense ankayembekezera kutsekedwa kwa mtundu wina.
Pambuyo poyimitsa kambirimbiri, mndandanda womaliza womwe wasinthidwa udasindikizidwa pa Ogasiti 31, 2019. Mayina a anthu 1.9 miliyoni adasowa. Chiลตerengero chimenecho chikanawonjezerekabe chifukwa cha makonzedwe amene amalola anthuโanansi, adani, alendoโkudzutsa โzotsutsa.โ Pomalizira pake, zotsutsa zoposa 200,000 zidatsutsidwa. Ambiri mwa omwe apeza kuti mayina awo sanatchulidwe pamndandandawu ndi amayi ndi ana, omwe ambiri a iwo ali ochokera m'madera omwe amayi amakwatiwa ali m'zaka zawo zaunyamata, ndipo mwa mwambo mayina awo asinthidwa. Alibe "zikalata zolumikizira" zotsimikizira cholowa chawo. Ambiri ndi anthu osaphunzira amene maina awo kapena makolo awo analembedwa molakwika kwa zaka zambiri: H-a-s-a-n amene anakhala H-a-s-s-a-n, Joynul amene anadzakhala Zainul, Mohammad amene dzina lake lalembedwa mโnjira zingapo. Kutsika kumodzi, ndipo mwatuluka. Ngati abambo anu anamwalira, kapena anatalikirana ndi amayi anu, ngati iwo sanavote, anali osaphunzira, ndipo alibe malo, inu muli kunja. Chifukwa cholowa cha amayi sichiwerengera. Pakati pa tsankho lomwe likuchitika pokonzanso NRC, mwina chachikulu kuposa zonse ndi tsankho lokhazikika kwa amayi komanso kwa osauka. Ndipo anthu osauka a ku India masiku ano ambiri ndi Asilamu, ma Dalit, ndi mafuko.
Anthu onse 1.9 miliyoni omwe mayina awo akusowa tsopano akuyenera kukadandaula ku Khoti Loona Zakunja. Pali, pakadali pano, 100 Foreigners Tribunals ku Assam, ndipo ena 1,000 ali panjira. Amuna ndi akazi amene amawatsogolera, otchedwa โmamembalaโ a makhoti, ali ndi tsogolo la mamiliyoni mโmanja mwawo, koma alibe chidziลตitso monga oweruza. Ndi akuluakulu aboma kapena maloya aang'ono, olembedwa ntchito ndi boma ndipo amalipidwa ndalama zambiri. Apanso, tsankho limamangidwa mu dongosolo. Zikalata zaboma zomwe anthu omenyera ufulu wawo amapeza zikuwonetsa kuti njira yokhayo yolemberanso mamembala omwe ma contract awo atha ndi kuchuluka kwa ma apilo omwe adakana. Onse amene ayenera kupita kukadandaulira ku Makhoti Achilendo Adzafunikanso kulemba ganyu maloya, mwinamwake kutenga ngongole kuti alipire malipiro awo kapena kugulitsa malo awo kapena nyumba zawo, ndi kudzipereka ku moyo wa ngongole ndi kusauka. Ambiri alibe malo kapena nyumba zogulitsa. Ambiri adzipha.
Pambuyo pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso mamiliyoni a ma rupees omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito, onse omwe ali mu NRC adakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri ndi mndandandawo. Anthu osamukira ku Bengal ndi okhumudwa chifukwa akudziwa kuti nzika zoyenerera zasiyidwa popanda chifukwa. Anthu amtundu wa Assamese akhumudwitsidwa chifukwa mndandandawo sunachokerepo 5 miliyoni omwe akuti "olowa" omwe amayembekeza kuti awazindikira, komanso chifukwa akuwona kuti akunja ambiri osaloledwa adalowa pamndandandawo. Ndipo olamulira a dziko lachihindu a ku India akhumudwa chifukwa akuti oposa theka la 1.9 miliyoni sali Asilamu. (Chifukwa chake ndi chodabwitsa. Osamukira ku Chibengali achisilamu, akukumana ndi chidani kwa nthawi yayitali, atha zaka zambiri akusonkhanitsa "zolemba zawo."
Justice Gogoi adalamula kusamutsa kwa Prateek Hajela, wogwirizira wamkulu wa NRC, ndikumupatsa masiku asanu ndi awiri kuti achoke ku Assam. Justice Gogoi sanapereke chifukwa chake.
Zofuna za NRC yatsopano zayamba kale.
Kodi munthu angayesere bwanji kumvetsetsa misala iyi, kupatula kutembenukira ku ndakatulo? Gulu la alakatuli achichepere achisilamu, otchedwa alakatuli a Miya, anayamba kulemba za ululu wawo ndi kunyozeka kwawo mโchinenero chimene anachimva kukhala chapafupi kwambiri kwa iwo, mโchinenero chimene kufikira nthaลตiyo anali kungochigwiritsira ntchito mโnyumba zawoโzinenero za Miya za ku Dhakaiya. Maimansingia, and Pabnaiya. Mmodzi wa iwo, Rehna Sultana, mu ndakatulo yotchedwa "Amayi," analemba kuti:
Ma, ami tumar kachchey aamar porisoi diti diti biakul oya dzai
Amayi, ndatopa kwambiri, ndatopa kudzidziwitsa ndekha kwa inu
Ndakatulo izi zitayikidwa ndikufalitsidwa kwambiri pa Facebook, chilankhulo chachinsinsi chinadziwika mwadzidzidzi. Ndipo malingaliro akale a ndale za zinenero anadzutsanso mutu wake. Milandu ya apolisi idaperekedwa kwa olemba ndakatulo angapo a Miya, akuwaimba mlandu wonyoza gulu la Assamese. Rehna Sultana anayenera kubisala.
Kuti pali vuto ku Assam sitingakane. Koma kodi iyenera kuthetsedwa bwanji? Vuto ndiloti pamene nyali ya ethno-nationalism yayatsidwa, sizingatheke kudziwa komwe mphepo idzatengere moto. M'gawo latsopano la mgwirizano wa Ladakh - lopatsidwa udindowu pochotsa udindo wapadera wa Jammu ndi Kashmir - mikangano ikukulirakulira pakati pa Abuda ndi Asilamu a Shia. Mโzigawo za kumpoto chakumโmaลตa kwa India, zopsetsana zayamba kale kuyatsa mikangano yakale. Ku Arunachal Pradesh, ndi Assamese omwe ndi osamukira osafunidwa. Meghalaya yatseka malire ake ndi Assam, ndipo tsopano ikufuna kuti "akunja" onse azikhala maola opitilira 24 kuti alembetse ndi boma pansi pa lamulo latsopano la Meghalaya Residents Safety and Security Act. Ku Nagaland, zokambirana zamtendere zomwe zakhala zaka 22 pakati pa boma lalikulu ndi zigawenga za Naga zayimilira pakufuna kuti pakhale mbendera ya Naga komanso malamulo awo. Ku Manipur, otsutsa omwe ali ndi nkhawa kuti atha kukhazikika pakati pa a Nagas ndi boma lapakati alengeza za kuthamangitsidwa kwa boma ku London. Mitundu yaku Tripura ikufuna NRC yawo kuti ichotse anthu achihindu achibengali omwe adawasandutsa ochepa kudziko lawo.
M'malo mokhumudwitsidwa ndi chipwirikiti komanso kupsinjika komwe kudapangidwa ndi Assam's NRC, boma la Modi likukonzekera kubweretsa ku India yonse. Kusamalira kuthekera kwakuti Ahindu ndi othandizira ena agwidwe muzovuta za NRC, monga zachitika ku Assam, idalemba lamulo latsopano la Citizenship (Amendment), lomwe likuyembekeza kuti lipereke gawo lotsatira la nyumba yamalamulo. Bungwe la CAB linanena kuti anthu onse omwe si Asilamu โanazunza anthu angโonoangโonoโ ochokera ku Pakistan, Bangladesh, ndi Afghanistanโkutanthauza Ahindu, Asikh, Abuda, ndi Akhristuโadzapatsidwa chitetezo ku India. Mwachikhazikitso, CAB idzaonetsetsa kuti omwe alandidwa unzika akhale Asilamu okha.
Ntchitoyi isanayambe, ndondomeko ndi kulemba kaundula wa National Population Register. Izi ziphatikizana ndi kafukufuku wa khomo ndi khomo momwe, kuwonjezera pa ziwerengero zoyambira, boma likukonzekera kusonkhanitsa ma scan a iris ndi zina za biometric. Idzakhala mayi wa mabanki onse a data.
Maziko ayamba kale. Patsiku lake loyamba ngati nduna ya zamkati, Amit Shah, adapereka zidziwitso zololeza maboma ku India kuti akhazikitse Makhoti Akunja ndi malo otsekera anthu omangidwa ndi akuluakulu omwe si oweruza omwe ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu. Maboma a Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, ndi Haryana ayamba kale ntchito. Monga tawonera, NRC ku Assam idakula kuchokera ku mbiri yakale kwambiri. Kuyigwiritsa ntchito ku India yonse ndi nkhanza zowona. Kufunika kwa NRC yosinthidwa ku Assam kwadutsa zaka 40. Kumeneko, anthu akhala akusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga zikalata zawo kwa zaka 50. Ndi anthu angati ku India omwe angatulutse "zolemba zakale"? Mwinamwake osati ngakhale nduna yathu yaikuluโyomwe deti lake la kubadwa, digiri ya koleji, ndi mkhalidwe wa ukwati sizinakhale nkhani ya mikangano ya dziko.
Tikuuzidwa kuti India-yonse NRC ndi ntchito yozindikira "olowa" mamiliyoni angapo aku Bangladeshi - "chiswe," monga momwe nduna yathu yamkati imawatchulira. Kodi akuganiza kuti chilankhulo chotere chitani pa ubale wa India ndi Bangladesh? Apanso, ziwerengero zamatsenga zomwe zimafika mamiliyoni makumi ambiri zikuponyedwa mozungulira. Palibe kukayika kuti pali antchito ambiri opanda zikalata ochokera ku Bangladesh ku India. Palibenso kukayikira kuti iwo ndi amodzi mwa anthu osauka kwambiri, oponderezedwa kwambiri m'dzikoli. Aliyense amene amadzinenera kuti amakhulupirira msika waulere ayenera kudziwa kuti akungodzaza malo omwe alibe anthu pogwira ntchito zomwe ena sangagwire, ndi malipiro omwe palibe amene angalandire. Amagwira ntchito yowona mtima kuti alandire malipiro a tsiku loona mtima. Sikuti ndi amene akuononga dziko, kuba ndalama za boma kapena kubweza mabanki. Ndiwonyenga chabe, kavalo wa Trojan wa cholinga chenicheni cha RSS, ntchito yake yakale.
Cholinga chenicheni cha India NRC yonse, kuphatikiza ndi CAB, ndikuwopseza, kusokoneza, ndi kusala Asilamu aku India, makamaka osauka kwambiri pakati pawo. Zikutanthauza kulenga nzika tiered, amene gulu limodzi la nzika alibe ufulu ndipo amakhala mwachifundo, kapena pa chifuniro chabwino, wina - dongosolo lamakono caste, amene adzakhalapo limodzi ndi wakale, mmene Asilamu ali. Dalits watsopano. Osati mwachidziwitso, koma kwenikweni. Mwalamulo. M'malo ngati West Bengal, komwe BJP ikufuna kulanda mwaukali, kudzipha kwayamba kale.
Pano pali M.S. Golwalker, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa RSS mu 1940, akulemba m'buku lake Ife, kapena Uko Wathu Umatanthauza:
Chiyambireni tsiku loipalo, pamene Asilamu adafika koyamba ku Hindustan, mpaka pano, Mtundu wa Chihindu wakhala ukumenya nkhondo molimba mtima kuti kulanda olanda awa. Mzimu wa Mpikisano wakhala ukudzuka.
Ku Hindustan, dziko la Ahindu, amakhala ndipo ayenera kukhala mtundu wa Chihindu.โฆ
Ena onse ndi achiwembu ndi adani a National Cause, kapena, kutengera malingaliro achifundo, zitsiruโฆ Mitundu yakunja ku Hindustanโฆitha kukhala m'dzikolo, pansi pamtundu wa Chihindu, osanene chilichonse, osayenereranso mwayi, wocheperako. kusamaliridwa mwachisawawaโngakhale ufulu wa nzika.
Akupitiliza:
Pofuna kusunga chiyero cha fuko ndi chikhalidwe chake, dziko la Germany linadabwitsa dziko lonse mwa kuchotsa mafuko achisemitiโAyuda. Kunyada kwamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri kwawonetsedwa pano, phunziro labwino kwa ife ku Hindustan kuti tiphunzire ndi kupindula nalo.
Kodi mumamasulira bwanji izi m'mawu amakono? Kuphatikizidwa ndi Citizenship Amendment Bill, National Register of Citizenship ndi mtundu waku India wa Malamulo a Nuremberg aku Germany a 1935, pomwe nzika zaku Germany zidangoperekedwa kwa okhawo omwe adapatsidwa zikalata zokhala nzika - zikalata za cholowa - ndi boma la Third Reich. Kusintha kwa Asilamu ndikusintha koyamba kotere. Mosakayikira ena adzatsatira, motsutsana ndi Akristu, ma Dalit, Achikomyunizimuโadani onse a RSS.
Makhoti a Akunja ndi malo otsekera anthu omwe ayamba kale kufalikira ku India sangakhale, pakadali pano, cholinga chake ndikuthandizira Asilamu mamiliyoni mazana. Koma akuyenera kutikumbutsa kuti Ahindu okha ndi omwe amatengedwa kuti ndi aborigine enieni aku India, ndipo safuna mapepala amenewo. Ngakhale Babri Masjid wazaka 450 analibe mapepala olondola a cholowa. Kodi mlimi wosauka kapena wogulitsa mumsewu angakhale ndi mwayi wanji?
Izi ndi zoipa zomwe anthu 60,000 mu stadium ya Houston ankasangalala. Izi ndi zomwe Purezidenti waku United States adalumikiza manja ndi Modi kuti athandizire. Ndi zomwe Israeli akufuna kuyanjana nazo, Ajeremani akufuna kuchita nawo malonda, Afalansa akufuna kugulitsa ndege zankhondo, ndipo Saudis akufuna ndalama.
Mwina njira yonse ya India NRC yonse itha kupangidwa mwachinsinsi, kuphatikiza banki ya data ndi ma scan athu a iris. Mwayi wa ntchito ndi phindu lotsatiridwa likhoza kutsitsimutsa chuma chathu chomwe chikupita patsogolo. Malo otsekera atha kumangidwa ndi ma India ofanana ndi Nokia, Bayer ndi IG Farben. Sizovuta kuganiza kuti ndi makampani ati omwe angakhale. Ngakhale sitikafika ku siteji ya Zyklon B, pali ndalama zambiri zopangira.
Tikukhulupirira kuti tsiku lina posachedwa, misewu ya ku India idzadzaza ndi anthu omwe azindikira kuti ngati sangasamuke, mapeto ali pafupi.
Tikukhulupirira kuti tsiku lina posachedwa, misewu ya ku India idzadzaza ndi anthu omwe azindikira kuti ngati sangasamuke, mapeto ali pafupi.
Ngati izi sizichitika, lingalirani mawu awa ngati chenjezo la mathero kuchokera kwa yemwe adakhalapo nthawi imeneyi.
Arundhati Roy adaphunzira za zomangamanga ku New Delhi, komwe akukhala tsopano. Ndiwolemba mabuku a Mulungu wa Zinthu Zing'onozing'ono, zomwe adalandira Mphotho ya 1997 Booker, ndi Utumiki Wachisangalalo Chopambana. Zolemba zake zazaka 20 zapitazi, My Seditious Heart, zidasindikizidwa posachedwa ndi Haymarket Books.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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Arundhati Roy ndi amodzi mwa mawu ofunikira kwambiri m'nthawi yathu ino, osati za India zokha zomwe amalankhula mozindikira kwambiri, mwachifundo, komanso momveka bwino, koma akamalankhula za malo ena padziko lapansi, tiyenera kumveranso. Ndikumufunira zabwino zonse.