Gwero: Zolemba Zantchito
Chaka chimodzi chapitacho, aphunzitsi a ku Los Angeles omwe ankanyanyala ntchito ankafuna kuti ntchito yofufuza mwachisawawa ithetsedwe kumene ana asukulu anatulutsidwa mโkalasi kuti anyamulidwe. Pamene amabwerera kuntchito, anali apambana pang'ono.
Tsopano kufufuza kumeneku kutha mโchigawo chonseโkubweretsa vuto lolimbana ndi tsankho mโsukulu.
LA omenyera mgwirizano wa aphunzitsi, monga anzawo ku Chicago, Seattle, St. Paul, ndi mizinda ina, akupanga zofuna za mgwirizano kuti ayang'anire tsankho, ndalama zochepa, ndi kuphwanya malamulo kwa ophunzira omwe amaphunzitsa-mabvuto omwe amakhudza kwambiri ophunzira a Black ndi Latino.
Kunyanyala kwa LA kunakweza zofuna zambiri, kuphatikizapo magulu ang'onoang'ono a magulu ndi anamwino ambiri ndi ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu. Pambuyo pomvetsera kwa ophunzira za nkhawa zawo zapamwamba, omenyera ntchito adawunikira nkhani yakusaka mwachisawawa.
Boma lidayamba mchitidwewu zaka 30 zapitazo pambuyo pakuwomberana kusukulu, ndi cholinga chofuna kuti zida zisamalowe. Koma pofika chaka cha 2019, LA inali imodzi mwamaboma ochepa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kusaka mwachisawawa - 4 peresenti yokha ndi yomwe imachita mdziko lonse.
Ophunzira amatulutsidwa m'kalasi pamene otsogolera ndi apolisi akufufuza m'matumba awo ndi kuwajambula ndi chowunikira zitsulo. Pamene ogwira ntchitowa ali ochepa, aphunzitsi ndi alangizi nthawi zina amafunsidwa kuti azingoyendayenda.
OSATI ZABWINO
Lipoti la University of California Los Angeles pa zaka ziwiri zakusaka (2013-2015) linapeza kuti adalanda zinthu wamba kwambiri, osati mfuti ndi zida. Contraband inali ndi zolembera, zowunikira, Wite-Out, zoyatsira, ndi kupopera thupi.
Ndipo kusaka โmwachisawawaโ sikunali kwachisawawa. Gulu lotsogoleredwa ndi ophunzira la Students Deserve, lomwe limaphatikizapo makolo ndi aphunzitsi, linanena kuti ophunzira m'masukulu a maginito ndi makalasi apamwamba sanafufuzidwe kawirikawiri. Ophunzira akuda ankafufuzidwa kawirikawiri.
Ophunzira adanena kuti zimawapangitsa kumva ngati okayikira kusukulu kwawo. Marshรฉ Doss, wamkulu pa Dorsey High School panthawiyi, adafufuzidwa ndipo adalandidwa mankhwala otsukira m'manja; mkulu wina wa pasukulupo anamuimba mlandu wobweretsa kusukulu kuti akakweze.
"Monga ophunzira a Black ndi a Brown, takumana ndi zinthu zonsezi," adatero Doss. "Ndinali ndi mafunso ambiri pambuyo pa chochitika chimenecho."
Mphunzitsi Sharonne Hapuarachy amathandizira mutu wa Students Deserve ku Dorsey High. Atafufuza mwachisawawa mโkalasi mwake, anadabwa kwambiri. Iye anati: โZinali zondisowetsa mtendere ndiponso zochititsa mantha kwa ine, monganso mphunzitsi. Anachita chidwi ndi mmene ophunzirawo ankalankhulira. โZinandimvekera kukhala zazikulu; zimapangitsa kukhala ndi nkhawa. โ
ANAWATHANDIZA
Kuthetsa kusaka mwachisawawa kunali m'ndandanda wautali wa zofuna za mabungwe omwe boma silinayenera kukambirana nawo mwalamulo. Chigawocho chinanyalanyaza iziโmpaka pamene anatuluka.
Mlembi wa United Teachers ku Los Angeles, Arlene Inouye, anati: โChifukwa chakuti sitirakayi inatulutsa maganizo a anthu pochirikiza nkhani zathu, โtinatha kulimbikitsa kuti pamapeto pake tipeze zinthu zomwe sitikanazipeza kale.โ
Pamgwirizano womwe unathetsa sitirakayi, chigawocho chinapereka pulogalamu yoyeserera, kulola masukulu 14 kuti alembetse kuti achoke pakusaka nthawi yomweyo; Enanso 14 adzakhala oyenerera patatha zaka ziwiri.
Zina zopambana za mgwirizano zinali zipewa zazikulu zamakalasi, antchito ochulukirapo, thandizo lazamalamulo kwa ophunzira osalemba, ndi malo obiriwira pamasukulu asukulu.
Koma kukwera kwa sitirakaku kudapangitsa kuti apambane pankhaniyi. M'mwezi wa Meyi, mpando wa board wa sukulu unatsegulidwa. Ndi thandizo la UTLA, wothandizana nawo mgwirizano adapambana. Ndipo mu June, bolodi idavota kuti kusaka kwachisawawa kulowerere kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019-2020.
ANALOWANITSA ANTHU OPHUNZIRA
Zaka zinayi kuti sitiraka iyambe, aphunzitsi adadza kwa atsogoleri a mabungwe akudandaula za kusecha, adatero Inouye.
Iye anakumbukira mphunzitsi wina amene anamubweretsera nkhaniyi. โSanaganizepo kuti bungweli lingakhale ndi chidwi ndi nkhaniyi,โ anatero Inouye. "Inde tingatero," adayankha atsogoleri, "koma tiyenera kumanga ndikukonzekera mozungulira."
Aphunzitsi ndi alangizi ati atafunsidwa kuti achite kafukufukuyu, zidasokoneza chikhulupiriro chomwe amayesa kupanga ndi ophunzira. Ananenanso kuti kufufuzako kunali kutaya nthawi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pophunzira.
Chifukwa chake UTLA idagwirizana ndi Students Deserve ndi American Civil Liberties Union kukhazikitsa kampeni ya Student Not Suspects. Anakonza mabwalo ndi kuchita zionetsero pa misonkhano ya masukulu. Ophunzira a kusekondale adapanga ndikupereka mabatani 18,000 #studentsnotsuspects. Ana asukulu ndi makolo adalankhula chifukwa chake kusaka sikupangitsa kuti masukulu akhale otetezeka.
"Tikuopa kuti [kuyimitsidwa ndikufufuzidwa] kunja kwa sukulu," adatero Amee Monroy, wotsutsa Ophunzira Deserve yemwe ndi wamkulu wa Dorsey chaka chino. "Sitiyenera kuchita mantha kusukulu."
Ophunzira akhala akukonzekera pa nkhaniyi kuyambira 2016. Koma "kukhala ndi UTLA kumbali yathu kunawonjezera njira za anthu ambiri," adatero Monroy. Ndipo kumenyedwako kunawonjezera mwayi waukulu.
Aphungu OSATI A COPS
LA aphunzitsi sali okha. Bungwe la Chicago Teachers Union lalankhula mosapita mโmbali ponena za tsankho la masukulu a mumzindawo.
Masukulu omwe ali ndi ophunzira ambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana amalandidwa ndalama komanso antchito. Ndipo chisanachitike chigamulo chawo cha 2012, aphunzitsi aku Chicago adalimbana ndi kutsekedwa kwa masukulu m'malo ena amzindawu komwe chigawocho chimayenera kukhala chikuwonjezera zothandizira, osachotsa.
Aphunzitsi a Seattle atagunda mchaka cha 2015, adafuna ndalama ndi maphunziro kuti sukulu iliyonse ipange gulu lachilungamo, lomwe lingazindikire ndikusintha mfundo zoyendetsera tsankho. Anapambana matimuwa mโsukulu 30.
Chofunikira chachikulu pakunyanyala kwa aphunzitsi a St. Paul mu 2016 chinali njira zina m'malo mwa machitidwe okhwima omwe adakhudza kwambiri ophunzira amitundu. Iwo anapambana izo.
Mu 2017, olimbikitsa aphunzitsi ku Philadelphia ndi Seattle adayamba kukonza sabata yochitapo kanthu pamutu wakuti Black Lives Matter kusukulu. Kuyambira pamenepo, chiลตerengero chochulukira cha migwirizano ndi olimbikitsa maphunziro a mโmidzi mโdziko lonselo atenga nawo mbali mu February uliwonse. Chofunikira chimodzi chogwirizana ndikuthetsa mfundo za "zero-tolerance" zomwe zimakakamiza kuyimitsidwa kapena kukankhira ophunzira kulowa muupandu chifukwa cha zolakwa zina.
Maboma ambiri asukulu asuntha kuti achepetse kuyimitsidwa. Koma mabungwe amaumirira pokambirana kuti sikokwanira kungosintha malamulo. Zomwe ophunzira amafunikira m'malo mwake ndi nthawi yochulukirapo ndi chisamaliro kuchokera kwa akuluakulu ophunzitsidwa; maboma akuyenera kuyika ndalama pazantchito.
Kugwa komaliza, aphunzitsi ku Chicago adafunanso chilungamo chamtundu pomwe adatuluka kwa masiku 11. Kuwonjezera pa anamwino odalirika, alangizi, ndi oyang'anira mabuku m'sukulu iliyonse, iwo apereka lingaliro lakuti chigawochi chilole masukulu apamwamba kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha apolisi omwe ali mkatimo ndikutumizanso ndalamazo kuti zilembe antchito omwe aphunzitsidwa kuti azilangiza ophunzira.
Iwo apemphanso kuti chigawochi chisiye kugwilizana ndi bungwe la Immigration and Customs Enforcement komanso nkhokwe za apolisi mumzinda wa zigawenga.
NJIRA YOPHUNZIRA
CTU yatsutsa kuchepa kwa aphunzitsi akuda m'chigawocho-kuchokera pa 40 mpaka 20 peresenti m'zaka makumi awiri. Ikufuna kuti chigawocho chipange mapaipi ophunzitsira ndi kulemba aphunzitsi amitundu.
Mgwirizanowu umagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi magulu oyankha apolisi. Mzindawu ukanena kuti kulibenso ndalama zamasukulu, aphunzitsi amalozera kuti apanga sukulu yophunzitsa apolisi yokwana $95 miliyoni.
Zochita zonsezi zokhuza chilungamo cha mafuko sizinawonekere mwamsanga. Zatenga zokambirana kuti mamembala agwirizane kuti sukulu ndi nkhani ya mgwirizano. Ndipo zokambiranazo sizinathe.
"Pali ntchito yambiri yoti ichitidwe kuthandiza anthu kulingalira izi mosiyana, momwe kusankhana mitundu kumawonekera pazachuma [potengera kugawika kwa zinthu]," atero mkulu wa ogwira ntchito ku CTU, mphunzitsi wakale wa maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu Jennifer Johnson. "Ophunzira athu safuna njira zolangira, koma njira zothandizira."
Ku Chicago ndi LA chaka chatha, okambirana m'maboma adakhala miyezi ingapo akukana zofuna zomwe zidapitilira mitu yovomerezeka mwalamulo monga malipiro ndi mapindu.
"Zowonadi chigawocho chidati ayi poyamba," adatero Inouye. Sanamve zofuna za 'zabwino wamba'." Zinatengera sitiraka kuti maboma asamuke.
CTU sinapambane zofuna zake zosinthana ndi apolisi akusukulu ndi othandizira. Koma izo anapambana kuchuluka ndodo kwa anamwino, ogwira ntchito zachitukuko, ndi Therapists, ndi latsopano mgwirizano chinenero za kubwezeretsa chilungamo, njira ina kwa wophunzira chilango chimene chimagogomezera kuthetsa mavuto ndi kukonza osati kulanga zolakwa.
CHOTSATIRA, PPERPER UTSIRIZA
Ku LA, bungwe la Students Deserve coalition tsopano lati likufuna kuthetsa kugwiritsa ntchito tsabola wa tsabola kwa ophunzira. Mโchochitika china ku Dorsey High, apolisi a pasukulupo anathira tsabola pa ana asukulu amene anali kumenyanaโkomanso potsirizira pake anapoperapo ana asukulu ena amene anali kuyesa kuthetsa ndewuyo kapena kungodutsa.
Popeza kuti kusaka mwachisawawa kwatha, Students Deserve anapereka kwa akuluakulu a sukulu mndandanda wa njira zina zopezera chitetezo kusukulu. Ophunzirawo analimbikitsa kuwonjezera antchito ambiri kuti apereke chithandizo ndi chitsogozo. Iwo adalimbikitsanso kuti chigawochi chiphatikizepo anthu ammudzi, osati apolisi, pa pulogalamu ya "njira yotetezeka" kuti ayang'anire akuluakulu panjira zomwe ana ndi achinyamata amayenda kupita kunyumba kuchokera kusukulu.
Omenyera ufulu wa ophunzira apanga kampeni iyi monga momwe adakonzera yomaliza, Doss adati: "kulankhula ndi ophunzira, kuchitapo kanthu mwachindunji, kuchita zinthu zazikulu."
Kwa mgwirizanowu, kutenga nkhani yosaka mwachisawawa kwavumbula atsogoleri atsopano ngati Hapuarachy. Iye adati kampeni ngati iyi yamupangitsa kukhala wotanganidwa kwambiri mumgwirizanowu. Kwa iye, ntchito ya UTLA ikuphatikiza "kumenyera chilungamo m'masukulu, kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe matumba a masukulu omwe ophunzira akuchitiridwa mosiyana m'madera ena a mzindawo."
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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