Privatization ndi chikhalidwe cha boma akupita pakati pa kulimbana austerity ku Greece. Gulu la obwereketsa atatu ofunikira ku Greece - European Commission, IMF ndi European Central Bank - akuyesera kufulumizitsa kugulitsa katundu ndi chuma cha dzikolo poziyika mu kampani imodzi kuti igulitsidwe motsatizana mwachangu. . The Hellenic Republic Asset Development Fund (TAIPED), monga momwe kampaniyi imatchulidwira mwachidwi, ikhoza kukhalanso nyumba yogulitsira malonda kuti 'zonse zichitike' momveka bwino: 'Greece for sale. Malonda a nyumba ndi nyumba, makampani opindulitsa akutsika mtengo.'
Kukaniza kuperekedwaku ku msika wamakampani kumakumana ndi zovuta. Mu 2011 kampani yodziwika bwino yovotera idapeza kuti 75 peresenti ya Agiriki amakhulupirira kuti kubisala ndikofunikira; mu 2012 zidatsikira pa 62 peresenti koma kupitilira theka la anthu - kuphatikiza oposa 40 peresenti ya ovota a Syriza. Mavoti omwewa, komabe, akuwonetsa kuti pali chiopsezo cha troika: madzi, nkhani imodzi yomwe ambiri amatsutsa kubisa. Ndipo pankhaniyi ndi pamene kukana kukuyamba kukwera pamene TAIPED ikulengeza kuti malonda a makampani awiri amadzi a boma adzaitanidwa chilimwe chisanafike kuti agulitse pofika October.
Kugulitsa madzi pabizinesi kwakhala gwero lachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa maboma omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kubisa anthu. Ku Latin America, kupambana kwa madzi ngati ufulu waumunthu, motsutsana ndi maboma poganiza kuti atha kugulitsa pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi, kwathandizira, mwachitsanzo, kugwa kwa maboma akumanja ku Uruguay, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, ndi Bolivia, Cochabamba 'water Wars' za 2000.
Kale mphamvu ya kudzipereka kothandiza kwa madzi monga ubwino wamba ikuyamba kukhala yovuta kwa mamembala a EU a troika kunyumba kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, chilimbikitso cha pulezidenti wa ku France a Franรงois Hollande ku makampani amadzi aku France kuti ayambe kuyitanitsa makampani aku Greece sichikumveka bwino pamene boma la likulu lawo likunena kuti ndalama zokwana ยฃ30 miliyoni zapulumutsidwa mchaka choyamba pobweretsa madzi m'manja mwa anthu. Oyang'anira adapeza makampani apayekha amadzi omwe amapeza phindu lachinyengo. 'Kulipiridwa' kwa Paris ndi gawo lazomwe zikuchitika ku Europe konse. Ku Berlin, nawonso makontrakitala apadera achotsedwa ntchito.
Germany ndiyenso gwero la kulowererapo kwachindunji motsutsana ndi kuumirira kwa gulu la troika pakupanga madzi mwachinsinsi. Kumapeto kwa February, purezidenti wa bungwe la oyang'anira madzi aku Germany adalemba kalata yamphamvu m'malo mwa makampani operekera madzi ndi zimbudzi mdzikolo kwa purezidenti wa European Commission akuumirira kuti, malinga ndi malangizo a EU pamadzi omwe akuti. madzi 'si chinthu cha malonda', 'kuperekedwa kwa madzi, zotayira zimbudzi ndi kasamalidwe madzi sangathe privatised'.
Zoyamba
Zochita zoyamba ku Greece zolimbana ndi ndale pazamadzi zachokera ku mzinda wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri mdzikolo, Thessaloniki. Apa njira zoyambilira zoyendetsera zinthu zabizinesi mu 2007 zidachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kukana kwa bungwe la ogwira ntchito pamadzi, lomwe lidachita kunyanyala kudya kwa masiku anayi panthawi yachiwonetsero chazamalonda chapadziko lonse cha mzindawu. Ma tender oyambilira adalengezedwa mu 2009 ndipo mgwirizanowu - womwe, mosiyana ndi mabungwe ambiri ku Greece, udatsimikiza mtima kusunga ufulu wawo kuchokera ku zipani zonse zandale - udayankha ndikugwira ntchito kwa masiku 12 mnyumba yayikulu ya kampaniyo.
Mbiri yomwe bungwe la ogwira ntchito m'madzi lidakhazikitsa ndi omenyera ufulu wa anthu ku Thessaloniki latsimikizira kukhala maziko omwe kampeni yokulirapo yamasiku ano yatha kumanga. Purezidenti wa Union George Archontopoulos akunena kuti mu 2009 ankadziitanira kumagulu oyandikana nawo kuti apereke zifukwa zotsutsana ndi chinsinsi. Tsopano iye akuti, โnthawi zonse amatipempha kuti tipite kwa iwo ndipo pali ena ambiri.โ
'Tidakhala miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi tikuyesera kuwatsimikizira kuti timakhala nzika osati monga antchito omwe akuwopa kuchotsedwa ntchito,' akupitiriza. Zoona zake nโzakuti ankatiyesa ndipo sitinkadziwa. Monga mukudziwira, pali matope ambiri, nthawi zina moyenerera, omwe amaponyedwa kwa antchito a boma ndipo pangakhale ziphuphu zambiri m'mabungwe a ogwira ntchito.'
Mgwirizanowu unathandiza kuthetsa maganizo oipawa kwa ogwira ntchito m'boma potenga mzere wa zigawenga osati zotsutsana ndi kugulitsa anthu wamba komanso katangale, kukwera kwamitengo ndi kuchuluka kwa kutsekereza madzi. Choncho, sizinali zodabwitsa kuti mphamvu zatsopano ndi kugwirizanitsa zomwe zinalimbikitsidwa ndi ntchito ya Thessaloniki's White Tower Square mu 2011 ziyenera kutsogolera zokambirana pakati pa indignados ndi ogwira ntchito m'madzi.
Yoyambira 136
Kuchokera apa kunabwera 'Initiative 136'. Lingaliro ndilakuti ngati wogwiritsa ntchito madzi aliyense atagula gawo losasunthika, 'anthu atha kukhala eni ake akampani yamadzi kudzera m'ma co-operative oyandikana nawo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito madzi kubwera pamodzi kudzera mu cooperative imodzi'. โฌ 136 ndi chiwerengero chomwe mumapeza pogawa โฌ 60 miliyoni yomwe kampaniyo iyenera kuyikidwa pamsika ndi kuchuluka kwa mita zamadzi mumzinda.
Theodoros Karyotis, membala woyambitsa wa Initiative 136 wochokera ku Thessaloniki's social movements, akufotokoza motero Theodoros Karyotis. .Me fakitale panthawi yomwe amagwira ntchito komanso tsopano kudziyang'anira okha kupanga.
George Archontopoulos akufotokoza momwe 'lingaliroli lidatuluka koyamba pamsonkhano wa atolankhani panthawi yamavuto am'mbuyomu. Kuti titsimikize mkangano woti madzi asungidwe poyera tidagawa mtengo wa masheya ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito madzi kuti tiwonetse momwe anthu angagulire ma sheya ndikusunga kampaniyo m'manja mwa anthu. Ndi indignados tinasandutsa lingaliro ili kukhala kampeni yothandiza.'
Zoona zake, zotsatira za Initiative 136 zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira mu mphamvu zake zofalitsa - kuwonetsa momveka bwino momwe madzi angayendetsedwe ngati chinthu wamba 'popanda kudalira makampani apadera kapena boma lomwe lilipo,' monga Kostas Marioglou, mtsogoleri wina wa ogwira ntchito m'madzi. yikani izo. Ngakhale ma co-op apangidwa m'malo asanu ndi atatu mwa madera 16 a Thessaloniki, ndipo khonsolo yamtawuniyi idalandira bwino, anthu sangakwanitse kulipira โฌ 136 imodzi. Ndipo ma municipalities alibe ndalama zoti apitirire.
Theodoros Karyotis anati: 'Tikuukira mbali zonse,' akutero atangobwera kumene kuchokera ku zionetsero za anthu 20,000 zotsutsana ndi migodi ya golide ku Eldorado m'mapiri apafupi a Kavakos komanso kupondereza koyipa kwa apolisi kwa aliyense, kuphatikiza ana asukulu, omwe akuganiziridwa kuti akuchita ziwonetsero. .
Koma okonza Initiative 136 sakusiya ntchito yothandiza. Akukambirana tsopano ndi European Public Water Network yodziwika bwino zakupeza ndalama zosinthira yankho la anthu kuti likhale loona. 'Silinso nkhani yachi Greek. Yakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri ku gulu la ku Ulaya,' akufotokoza motero Karyotis. 'Ngati kubisalako sikungagonjetsedwe, kudzakhala kubweza kwenikweni kwa madzi kwa anthu, zomwe zikuchitika kwina kulikonse.'
Mgwirizano waukulu
Nthawi yomweyo kupitiliza kupeza ndalama ndi malamulo a co-operative, onse omwe ali mu Initiative 136 amawononga nthawi yomanga mgwirizano waukulu wotsutsana ndi kubizinesi. 'Tikugwira ntchito ndi miyendo iwiri. Mgwirizano waukulu kwambiri wotsutsana ndi kusungitsa anthu wamba ndi gawo loyamba ndikufufuza njira yolumikizirana mwachindunji monga njira ina, "akutero Theodoros Karyotis.
'Tiyenera kugwirizana motsutsana ndi kusungitsa anthu wamba,' akugogomezera Kostas Marioglou, 'ndipo tidzatha kukambitsirana za njira yabwino yoyendetsera madzi kaamba ka ubwino wa onse.' Chifukwa pambali pa mgwirizano pali mkangano waukulu pa Initiative 136. 'N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kugula zomwe tili nazo kale?' amatsutsa ambiri ku Syriza. 'Vuto,' akutero Karyotis, 'Kodi timasiya bwanji kubizinesi? Kukopa, kuchita zionetsero pakokha, kodi kumafika paliponse? Initiative 136 mwanjira ina ikulimbana nawo pazifukwa zawo, kupezerapo mwayi, koma izi zikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutiletsa, ngati tili ndi ndalama komanso tili ndi chithandizo chotchuka.'
"Zolinga ndizofala," akuumiriza George Archontopoulos, yemwe adayima pazisankho za Syriza, "ngakhale titawombera kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tizungulire chandamale!'
Pakadali pano, gulu lamadzi lomwe likukula kudutsa Attica, m'chigawo cha Athens, likukumananso ndi cholinga chomwechi, chomwe chikuyembekezeka kuti chiwopsezedwe. Monga madzi omwe ikuwateteza, kampeni yochuluka ikusonkhanitsa mphamvu m'matauni a Attica komanso kuchokera ku doko la Piraeus kupita kumalo okhala anthu ogwira ntchito ku Athens.
Dalaivala wotsimikiza kumbuyo kwa izi ndi gulu latsopano losangalatsa komanso lowoneka lakunja la ogwira ntchito pamadzi akampani yamadzi ya EYDAP ya Athens. Imadzitcha yokha SEKE ('participatory unity movement'). Vasilis Tsokalis, membala woyambitsa SEKE., akufotokoza zoyambira pazisankho za oyimilira ogwira ntchito pa board ya EYDAP.
'Mwadzidzidzi chaka chatha bungwe latsopanoli linabwera palimodzi, kuchokera kumanzere ndi pakati kumanzere, popanda magulu awiri akale. Tinkafuna kuchotsa mamembala a board omwe analipo omwe adakhalako kwa zaka zoposa khumi; wina membala wa PASOK ndi wina wa New Democracy,' akufotokoza motero. 'Iwo anali owopsa kwenikweni, akugwira ntchito ndi oyang'anira ndi zipani za ndale, akunena kuti amatsutsana ndi privatives koma osachita kalikonse.'
SEKE nthawi yomweyo adapambana 17 peresenti ya mavoti. "Koma tidadziwa kuti titha kukhala olimba pochitapo kanthu ndi anthu ena olimbana ndi kubizinesi komanso kuwongolera madzi kuti tipeze phindu," akutero Tsokalis. SEKE adalumikizana ndi Save Greek Water, ndipo pamodzi adadzipangira ntchito yokhutiritsa ma municipalities onse 45 kuti athandizire kudzipereka kwa madzi a boma.
Gulu la nzika
Vasilis Tsokalis akunena motsindika kuti: 'Ili ndi gulu la nzika.' Theodoros Karyotis akugogomezera kufunikira kwa 'kudziyimira pawokha kwa gulu lathu kuchokera ku zipani zonse zandale'. Kulimbikira kwawo kukuchokera ku mbiri yomwe mabungwe odziyimira pawokha adakanidwa ndi zipani ziwiri zazikuluzikulu za ndale. Koma zimachokeranso ku lingaliro labwino la kumasuka ku maulamuliro, kudalira ndi mitundu yofalikira ya ulamuliro wokhudzana ndi boma lomwe likugwira ntchito kupyolera mwa kasitomala.
M'mbuyomu, ambiri ogwira ntchito za boma adayesa mwachinsinsi kugwira ntchito kunja kwa chikhalidwe ichi koma tsopano kukana kwa munthu aliyense kusandulika kukhala gulu limodzi la njira ina yochitira ndale. Chifukwa champhamvu cha kayendetsedwe ka ziwonetsero zazaka ziwiri zapitazi, kutukuka kwa mgwirizano wodzipangira okha monga Initiative 136, SEKE, ntchito ya fakitale ku Vio.Me ndi zina zonse ndi umboni wa izi.
Nadia Valvani, MP wa Syriza komanso membala wa komiti yake yazachuma yomwe imayang'anira ndondomeko za privatization, adazindikira izi pakukweza kwa Syriza pazisankho zoyambirira za 2012, pomwe mavoti amgwirizano adakwera kuchoka pa 4 peresenti yomwe adapeza mu 2009 kufika pa 27 peresenti.
'Panali chinachake chozama kuposa chifundo cha ndale,' akukumbukira motero. 'Pamisonkhano m'nyumba za anthu ndimamva ngati njira yomasulidwa. Panali anthu kumeneko omwe sanasiyidwe makamaka omwe ankafuna kusintha moyo wawo wonse ndikuwona kutha kwa kasitomala zokhudzana ndi ndale. Iwo anabwera kwa ife kuti atithandize. Akufuna kutenga nawo mbali, osati kungovota. Ndikanakhala kuti sindinakhalepo ndi moyo umenewu, sindikanakhulupirira.'
Kumasulidwa uku kumatulutsanso mphamvu zopindulitsa. Katswiri yemwe ali ndi udindo wa EYDAP, Antigoni Synodinou, amawona 'talente yochuluka yomwe yawonongeka' pansi pa kasitomala; monga mtsogoleri wa bungwe la ogwira ntchito, George Archontopoulos akufotokoza momwe 'malingaliro a antchito ndi chidziwitso zimanyalanyazidwa'.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, anthu akufotokoza mphamvu yachuma: chikhalidwe cha anthu, cholimbikitsidwa ndi chodyetsedwa kudzera mu mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano. Mwachidule, mawuwa amatchedwa 'social capital' ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa anthu kuti athe kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma, popanda kutsutsa kusagwirizana kwachikhalidwe. Zowonjezereka, ndi kusintha m'maganizo, mphamvu zomwezo za chikhalidwe cha anthu zimatha kumveka ngati zopindulitsa za demokalase, chuma chogawana nawo, kuphatikizapo bungwe la anthu.
Kusintha maganizo
Mavoti okhudza kubisala anthu amatanthauza kuti njira zoterezi ndizofunikira kuti anthu asinthe maganizo a anthu, chifukwa anthu omwewo omwe amawona kubisala ngati kofunika amakhulupiriranso kuti zimapindulitsa mayiko akunja ndipo sizipindulitsa ogula. Izi zikusonyeza kuti maganizo awo akukhudzana kwambiri ndi kudana ndi dziko lomwe lilipo, dziko lomwe likufuna kale kukwaniritsa zofuna zaumwini. Vuto ndilopanda kuzindikira kulikonse kwa kayendetsedwe ka njira zina za ntchito za boma ndi katundu wamba.
Mamembala a komiti yazachuma ku Syriza ali ndi chidwi ndi kufunikira kwa njira zodziyimira pawokha za mgwirizano - kuchokera kwa nzika ndi ogwira ntchito ngati nzika - kuti apange njira zina zokhutiritsa komanso zothandiza. M'buku lomwe likubwera, Crucible of Resistance, m'modzi mwa olankhula pazachuma ku Syriza, Euclid Tsakalotos, akuwonetsa kufunikira kwa mkangano m'zaka zoyambirira za Syriza pankhani ya 'boma'. Mapeto ake amatanthauza kuti Syriza sanangogwirizana ndi magulu a anthu komanso 'kuphunzira kuchokera kumagulu awa za mtundu wa njira ina'.
Utsogoleri wa Syriza ukuwona kuti izi ndi zabwino zothandizira ndi kuphunzira kuchokera kumagulu odziyimira pawokha nthawi yomweyo kulinga ku boma ngati vuto lalikulu pamene likukonzekera kusintha kuchoka ku mgwirizano kupita ku chipani. Andreas Karitzis akufotokoza kuti: 'Syriza ndi yoopsa chifukwa imagwirizanitsa zinthu ziwirizi, kulamulira komanso kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi magulu a anthu omwe akulimbana ndi boma. Njira ya boma ndi kutikakamiza kusankha zochita. Ndili ndi chiyembekezo chifukwa mamembala a Syriza, kaya okonda kusintha kapena osintha zinthu, amazindikira kuti palibe yankho ngati titaya chimodzi mwazinthu izi.'
Ngati mgwirizano wotsutsana ndi kusungidwa kwa madzi ku Greece, panthawi imodzimodziyo kukana ndi kuyesa njira zina, ukukulitsa mphamvu yake, zikhoza kutanthauza kuti kuyesa kwa troika kugulitsa madzi kudzatsimikiziranso kukhala koopsa kwa gulu la ndale.
Athens adzakhala ndi msonkhano wa Alter Summit pa June 7-8. www.altersummit.eu
Hilary Wainwright ndi mkonzi woyambitsa wa Red Pepper komanso mnzake wa Transnational Institute.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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