Gwero: Jacobin
Greece mwina idachoka pamitu, koma njira zochepetsera nkhawa zikupitilirabe - ndipo mabungwe omwe akuyendetsa eurozone amakhalabe osamveka ngati kale. Pa February 14, 2020, Varoufakis - lero membala wa nyumba yamalamulo ku Greece ku chipani cha MeRA25 - adapatsa pulezidenti wa nyumba yamalamulo ndodo ya USB ndi zolemba zake za misonkhano yoopsa ya Eurogroup kuyambira 2015. Purezidenti anakana kuvomereza: koma Varoufakis tsopano akulonjeza. kuzifalitsa pa intaneti koyambirira kwa Marichi.
Poyankhulana ndi anthu ambiri, adalankhula ndi JacobinGeorge Souvlis za zomwe adakumana nazo ngati nduna ya zachuma ku Greece, momwe akufuna kuthana ndi mbiri yoyipa ya Syriza, komanso momwe nkhani yaku Europe idasokoneza Labor ku Britain.
Monga ngati kutsimikizira kuti odana ndi demokalase amafuna kuti tizikhala mumdima komanso osawoneka bwino, tsopano akufuna kuti palibe amene ayenera kuchitira umboni momwe ogwira ntchito ku Troika anakana kuchita nawo mkangano waukulu ndi ine, momwe adatsekera chilichonse. njira yopitira ku mgwirizano wolemekezeka, kulephera kwawo luso komanso, koposa zonse, zabodza zawo zakuda zomwe amayesera kundiwonetsa ngati munthu wotsutsa mwamwano yemwe sanapereke malingaliro akulu - pomwe zosiyana zinali zoona.
Chifukwa chiyani mutulutse mafayilowa tsopano? Zochitika ziwiri zidandipangitsa kusankha: Choyamba, boma latsopano lamanja la New Democracy posachedwapa lakhazikitsa lamulo logulitsa ngongole zosagwira ntchito kundalama zomwe zingayambitse kuthamangitsidwa kwa mabanja ambiri omwe, chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe sizitha, sangathe kubweza ngongole zawo.
Kuyambira pa Meyi 1, 2020, funde latsopano lachisoni lidzakhudza anthu omwe agonjetsedwa kale. Ku Nyumba Yamalamulo, komwe ndimatsogolera chipani chatsopano cha MeRA25 (DiEM25) ku Greece), nduna yayikulu ndi nduna zake adasinthana "kulongosola" zomwe akuchita podzudzula kufunitsitsa kwawo kuthetseratu ... anzanga a nduna ya zachuma pamisonkhano ya Eurogroup mu 2015!
Chifukwa chachiwiri ndichakuti anzanga akale aboma ku Syriza angotulutsa zowunikira zomwe adalakwitsa kuyambira 2014 komanso chifukwa chomwe adagonjetsera chisankho cha Julayi 2019.
Mapeto awo akuluakulu akuwoneka kuti nduna yawo ya zachuma ku 2015 (ine!) adatsutsana ndi anzake ku Eurogroup, kulephera kufotokoza malingaliro omveka, kukhala otsutsa etc. (ie, Syriza adatengera kwathunthu nkhani ya Troika). Izi zidanditsimikizira kuti nkhani zabodza zokhudzana ndi misonkhano ya Eurogroup ya 2015 zikupereka chivundikiro cha ziwawa zatsopano kwa nzika zofooka kwambiri. Pokhapokha podziwitsa anthu zomwe zidachitika mkatimo, tingatetezere ambiri omwe atsala pang'ono kumenyedwanso.
Kuyang'ana mbiri ya Syriza, mukuganiza kuti ndi mwayi wotani womwe adaphonya? Kodi Syriza inalephera kukonzekeretsa gulu lachi Greek lonse kuti zichitike ngati Troika itakana ganizo la boma?
YV: Sindine katswiri wa Syriza - sindinali membala! Chifukwa chimene ndinaloŵerera ndi Syriza chinali chifukwa cha ubale wanga wachindunji ndi Alexis Tsipras ndi anthu ena awiri kapena atatu omwe ankabwera kwa ine kudzakambirana za ukapolo wa ngongole ndi momwe ndingatulukiremo. Ndipamene adandiuza kuti [adali ndi chidwi ndi] mayankho anga ku mafunso monga momwe angaletse European Central Bank kutseka mabanki, tingakonzekere bwanji kusintha kwa ndalama za dziko ngati pakufunika ... Ndinaganiza, CHABWINO, popeza adanena kuti akugwirizana ndi zomwe ziyenera kuchitika pakanthawi kochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wabwino kwambiri wothawira ku Greece kundende ya angongole, sindikanatha kukana.
Kodi ndimakhulupirira kuti anali ndi mapulani amtsogolo? Ayi, koma palibe amene amatero. A Bolshevik analibe ndondomeko ya zomwe zikanatsatira pambuyo pa 1917. Ngati mukufuna ndondomeko ya kachitidwe kachitidwe kasanayambe kusintha kulikonse, ndiye kuti palibe kusintha komwe kudzachitika. Chifukwa chake, anzanga aku Syriza atandiuza atatha kudzipereka kwa Tsipras pa Julayi 5, 2015, "O, koma Yanis, ulibe dongosolo lantchito," ndidati, "wamagazi bwanji?" Simumasiyana ndi zakale, simukankhira mbiri m'mphepete pokhapokha mutadziwa zomwe zidzachitike pambuyo pake. Tinali ndi dongosolo lokwanira la ntchito.
Zomwe zidachitika mu 2012, kaya adasiya miyambo yawo kapena ayi, siziliponso kwa ine. Sizili ngati kuti anali ndi cholowa chapamwamba kwambiri kapena mwambo wodziwika bwino woti azitsatira. Ngakhale ma Eurocommunist omwe adatsogola Syriza sanandisangalatsepo ngati owopsa. Ndinkayembekeza kuti mphamvu yokoka ya nthawi ya mbiriyakale idzapanga mikwingwirima ndi mphamvu yokoka yomwe ingapangitse kutsogolo kotchuka kwa kusintha. Ndikukhulupirirabe kuti ngati anthu awiri kapena atatu, Tsipras makamaka, sanamangidwe m'miyezi isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi yoyamba ya 2015, mphamvuzo zikanamasulidwa. Agiriki amakonda kunena kuti nsomba imayamba kuvunda kuchokera kumutu kupita pansi. Anthu onse abwino, anthu a Syriza, omwe adakhala ogwira ntchito ku bungwe la oligarchic pambuyo pa kudzipereka kwa Tsipras mu July 2015 akanakhala abwenzi abwino kutsogolo kwa nkhondo yaikulu ngati mutu sunayambe kuvunda.
GS: Pambuyo pa zaka zinayi zonse za boma la Syriza, mungawunike bwanji momwe chuma chake chikuyendera? Zosiyana ndi maboma am'mbuyomu omwe adalamulidwa ndi Troika?
YV: Iwo anali okhwima kwambiri komanso ogwira ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonongeka, zopanda chifundo m'zinthu zachinsinsi, ndipo monga Wolfgang Schäuble adanena, boma lokhalo lomwe linawonadi pulogalamu ya Troika.
GS: Kodi mukuganiza kuti chimodzi mwa mavuto omwe mgwirizano wa Syriza ndi Troika unatulutsa chinali kunyozetsa Kumanzere ngati njira yabwino yandale pamaso pa osankhidwa achi Greek? Kodi chingachitike n’chiyani kuti tigonjetse zimenezo, ndi kuchita zambiri kuposa kungodziona ngati wofanana?
YV: Ndikugwirizana nanu, koma mukuchepetsa vutolo. Kugonjera kwa Syriza kunali koopsa kwambiri kumanzere kwazaka zambiri.
Ichi chinali phwando lomwe linali litanyamula pamapewa ake zokhumba za opita patsogolo padziko lonse lapansi, osati ku Greece ndi ku Ulaya kokha. Amayembekeza kuti ikhalabe yosasunthika pankhondo yake yolimbana ndi mtundu woyipa kwambiri komanso bodza loyipitsitsa - kuti mutha kuthawa vuto lalikulu la capitalism chifukwa chokhala ndi ngongole zambiri, zomwe zimabwera ndi zingwe za austerian zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zadziko.
Uku kunali kumenya koyipa kwambiri kumanzere kuposa Thatcher. Adawononga mabungwe ndikuyambitsa chiphunzitso cha TINA: Palibe Njira ina. Kugonjera kwa Syriza kunakulitsa TINA kumanzere. Zinali ngati kuti Kumanzere kuvomereza kuti palibenso njira ina. Kuyang'ana nkhope za atsogoleri a Troika atayima mbali ndi nduna za Syriza ndikumvetsera kwa Parrot yotsirizira ya chinenero cha atsogoleri a Troika kuti austerity idzagonjetsedwa ndi kukula komwe austerity idzabweretsa - sipangakhale kuvomerezeka kwakukulu kuposa kuti chifukwa cha kuchepa kwawo kwapathengo. ndi zina za ndondomeko za chitsamunda.
Podemos adamalizidwa bwino tsiku lotsatira - kudzera mwa Pablo Iglesias, adavomereza kuti Tsipras adzipereke. Lingaliro lakugonja kwa Kumanzere ku Europe konse kunali kothandiza kwambiri pakukhazikitsidwa komanso mayiko a fascist.
GS: Kodi mungatanthauzire bwanji mfundo za Demokarasi Yatsopano kuyambira pomwe idasankhidwa?
YV: Tsopano tili m'chaka chakhumi chavuto lalikulu la capitalism yachi Greek. Gawo loyamba lidawona mantha akulu pakati pa kukhazikitsidwa, kuwonetsa mantha a Wall Street, City, Deutsche Bank ndi zina zotero. Zinali zoyipitsitsa pano chifukwa maziko a capitalism yachi Greek ndi yocheperako ndipo panali mantha awa kuti asayine pamzere wamadontho a ngongole zazikulu, pofuna kuthana ndi kugwa kwa oligarchy. Ichi chinali Memorandum yoyamba, ngongole ya € 110 biliyoni kuchokera ku Troika mu May 2010.
Gawo lachiwiri linali Memorandum yachiwiri, yomwe cholinga chake chinali, ndalama zoyamba zolandirira anthu zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mabanki onse aku France ndi Germany, kukhazikitsa bata ndi mabanki achi Greek. Adagwiritsa ntchito ngongole yachiwiri ya € 110 biliyoni ku cholinga chimenecho panthawi yomwe magulu apakati anali kuvutika ngati ogwira ntchito. Gawo lachitatu lidabwera ndi boma la Syriza lomwe, m'chilimwe cha 2015, lidasaina Memorandamu ziwiri: Memorandamu Yachitatu [yomwe idalandiridwa mu Julayi 2015, mosiyana ndi zotsatira za referendum] kenako "chete" Chachinayi mu Ogasiti 2018, yomwe idagwirizana Ndondomeko za Greece kupita ku Troika mpaka 2060.
Ndi gawo lachitatu limenelo, tili ndi chitukuko chatsopano chosangalatsa kwambiri. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, aliyense anali kutaya, kupatula ochepa oligarchs amene sanataye. Koma nthawi ina pakati pa 2017 ndi chilimwe cha 2018, gawo la gulu lapamwamba lachi Greek lidatha kulimbikira ntchito zofunafuna lendi zomwe amapindula nazo kwambiri pomwe anthu ena akupitilirabe kugwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo aliyense wolumikizidwa ku hedge funds ndi vulture fund zomwe zimagula ngongole zosachita bwino kumabanki. Kugula ngongole yobwereketsa yomwe nkhope yake ndi € 100,000 kwa € 4,000 kapena € 8,000 ndizovuta kwambiri kutaya ndalama - makamaka tsopano kuti mitengo ya nyumba ikukweranso.
Mwadzidzidzi, gulu lonse la hedge funds, alangizi, owerengera ndalama, ma parasites, akupanga phindu lalikulu mu capitalism yapadziko lonse lapansi, kuno ku Greece. Zimakhala ngati miimba kudya nyama ya mtembo wakufa. Linali boma la Syriza lomwe limayang'anira gawo latsopanoli. Mutha kuwona izi kuchokera m'mene omwe adagula ma bond achi Greek mu 2016, 2017, adabweza kwambiri msika wama bond padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale kuti dziko la Greece lidasokonekera ndipo ngongoleyo ikukulirakulira tsiku lililonse.
Demokalase Yatsopano idapambana Julayi watha ndipo adalonjeza kukulitsa renti ya kalasilo. Pokhala mgwirizano pakati pa ma quasi-fascists ndi neoliberals, New Democracy motsogozedwa ndi Kyriakos Mitsotakis ikuyenera kuwongolera kumasulidwa kwathunthu kwa msika wachuma chachinsinsi cha anthu ochepa, pogula ngongole zosagwira ntchito, ndi mitundu yazadziko komanso misampha yolinganiza zomwe xenophobic. , gawo la neofascist la chipani likufunika. Kuphatikizana kwa awiriwa kumabweretsa mtundu watsopano waulamuliro, chifukwa mukatulutsa anthu m'nyumba zawo mukufunikira apolisi amphamvu ankhanza komanso gulu la alonda kuti achite. Koma ndi apolisi omwewo omwe mukufunikira kuti muthandizire kuthamangitsidwa kwa anthu ku squats ndi kulimbana ndi magulu otsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa.
Choncho, uku sikungosankha ndale chabe. Ndi gawo lachuma chandale ku Greece. Memorandum yachinayi ya Syriza idapangitsa kuti gulu latsopano la oligarchy liwuke, kupindula ndi kubwezeredwa kwa anthu ambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti anthu achuluke aulamuliro komanso ziwawa zolimbana ndi anthu achi Greek.
GS: Koma ulamuliro waulamuliro unakula kale pansi pa Syriza. . .
YV: Ndi gawo la zomwe ndikunena - Syriza idayamba mu 2017-18 kuti ikwaniritse zofuna za oligarchy ya parasitic. Iwo adayang'anira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mikangano yatsopano yamagulu momwe adayenera kutenga mbali ya oligarchy. Izi ndi zodziwikiratu m'mbali zambiri zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kugulitsa moto kwa ma eyapoti opindulitsa komanso njanji kuti zikhazikitse ntchito zokhazikika, zobwereka. Nkhani yovomerezeka ya Syriza ndi yakuti adakakamizika ndi Troika kuti adzipereke, zomwe ziri zoona mutatsutsa kukana. Ngakhale zinali zoona kuti kuthawa ndende ya ngongole ya troika kunali kosatheka (zomwe siziri), amakana kuyang'ana njira yosiya ntchito zawo ndikubwerera m'misewu pamodzi ndi ozunzidwa ndi oligarchy. Posankha kukhalabe, kuti asatayike boma ku Ufulu, adasankhidwa ndi oligarchy - kugonjetsedwa kotheratu kotheka.
Chitsimikizo chomaliza cha kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu ndi zomwe boma la Syriza lidachita ku Lesbos. Kodi a Troika anawakakamiza kupanga Moria, ndende yosaneneka ya othawa kwawo? Syriza anachita zimenezo. Omwe akupita patsogolo akagonja pa nkhani imodzi yayikulu, mwachitsanzo, amakhala okonzeka kudzipereka pa nkhani iliyonse.
GS: Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri momwe Syriza amawonetsera chilichonse ngati chosapeweka, panalibenso mwayi wina. . .
YV: TINA!
GS: Koma pamlingo uliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, asanasankhidwe, anali ndi pulogalamu yolimbikitsa apolisi, osalumikizana ndi European Union. Koma sanachite ngakhale zinthu zochepa pano, mwachitsanzo kuletsa ziwawa zandale.
YV: Mukulondola ndithu. Koma izi zikutsimikizira mfundo yanga yoyambirira kuti mukamalimbana ndi zofunikira komanso zofunika, monga Troika, mumangokhalira kuchita chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, mukulondola, akadapanga demokalase apolisi - koma sanatero. Sakanamanga othawa kwawo - koma adatero. Sakanasaina pangano la Merkel-Erdogan - koma adasaina. Panalibe chifukwa, palibe kukakamizidwa kuchokera ku Brussels kapena Germany, kuti alowe nawo mgwirizano wonyansa ndi Benjamin Netanyahu, ndikukankhira Greece - mwamwambo wovomerezeka wa Palestina komanso wotsutsa kuyeretsa kwa fuko la Israeli ku Palestine - m'manja mwa munthu ngati Netanyahu, yemwe. Israeli aliyense wopita patsogolo yemwe ndikumudziwa amanyansidwa. Inali apotheosis ya mphamvu ya domino.
GS: Mu Julayi, MeRA25 - gawo lachi Greek la DiEM25 - adasankha mamembala asanu ndi anayi ku nyumba yamalamulo yaku Greece. Kodi mungatipatseko chidwi komwe ovota ake akuchokera, momwe munapangira chithandizo chantchito, ndi chithandizo pakati pa ophunzira?
YV: Tachita kafukufuku. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti anthu omwe ali paphwando, makamaka chatsopano ngati chathu, adziwe. Tinapeza mavoti 196,000. Othirira ndemanga ambiri adaganiza kuti adakhumudwitsidwa omwe adavota akale a Syriza omwe adabwera ku MeRA25. Tili ndi zovuta tsopano, kuti pansi pa 50 peresenti ya omwe adativotera adavoterapo Syriza kale. 30 mpaka XNUMX peresenti adavotera Ufulu.
Koma n’zosadabwitsa. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa referendum ya 2015 ndikuti ovota ogwira ntchito kumanja adadzipatula ku zipani zomwe amazithandizira - ndikuvotera "Ayi." Usiku womwewo adaperekedwa ndi Tsipras. Anafunika kupita kwinakwake. Ambiri adakhamukira ku New Democracy, ambiri adavotera Syriza chifukwa adaganiza "bwino kuzunzidwa ndi wozunza yemwe sakondwera nazo" kuposa yemwe ali, koma ena a iwo adadza kwa ife, mopitilira ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwawo. kuvota mu 2015.
Tikuchita bwino pakati pa achinyamata - precariat, ophunzira, ndi zina zotero. Mukayang'ana azaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu, tidagoletsa 13-14 peresenti, motsutsana ndi 3.4 peresenti yonse. Pakadali pano, tikuchita moyipa kwambiri kuposa zaka makumi anayi ndi zisanu ndi zosakwana 1 peresenti kuposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu. Timakumana ndi vuto lalikulu ndi achikulire, ngakhale kuti ndife okha amene timatsutsa zomwe zikuchitika ku penshoni zawo ndi kuthamangitsidwa ndi kutsekedwa. Tili ndi ntchito yambiri yoti tifike kwa iwo, makamaka chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe ndi njira yathu yokha yofalitsira malingaliro athu ndi maudindo athu. Tiyeneranso kugwetsa ziwanda, za ine ndekha ndi aliyense amene amatsutsa Troika, kuphulika m'zipinda zogona za anthu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa TV. Ma social network ndi njira yokhayo yolumikizirana ndi anthu ovota.
GS: MeRA25 ikunena za kusamvera koyenera komanso koyenera - izi zikutanthauza chiyani pamalingaliro achipani?
YV: Kampeni ya socialism yomwe idzabwere nthawi ina m'tsogolomu ndi yopanda ntchito kwa anthu omwe sangathe kuika chakudya patebulo ndipo atsala pang'ono kutaya nyumba zawo lero kapena kumapeto kwa sabata. Kuwauza kuti zinthu zoyipa zonsezi sizingachitike tikakhala ndi socialism kumapangitsa kuti anthu aziwoneka otopa - komanso "kuchoka". Kenako amabwerera kwawo ndikukayika mantha awo mwachinsinsi ndikuvotera choyipa chochepa pakati pa magulu akulu. Maximalism, pomaliza, sikusintha.
Kwa ife, ndondomeko ya kusamvera komanga ndiyo njira yokhayo yopitira patsogolo ndi pragmatic. Izi sizikutanthauza kunyengerera, monga pragmatism m'lingaliro la kukhulupirira capitalism yotukuka ndikulingalira zowongolera. Kumvetsetsa kwanga kwa "pragmatic" ndikosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, tengerani kulandidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa. Boma lakankhira ku Nyumba ya Malamulo lamulo loletsa alimi ang'onoang'ono ndikupereka katundu wawo ku ndalama za vulture. Tikhoza kunena kuti ayi kwa izo - ndithudi timatero, pamodzi ndi mphamvu zina. Koma n’kothandiza kwambiri kunena kwa anthu kuti: apa pali chinachake chimene akanatha kuchita m’malo mwa zimene anachita.
Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, tikuwonetsa kuti banki yoyipa yapagulu ikhoza kupangidwa - yovomerezeka kwathunthu mkati mwa EU - komwe ngongole zoyipa zimasamutsidwa posinthana ndi ma bondi aboma omwe mtengo wake umachepetsedwa ndi mtengo wanyumba zomwe zabwerekedwa ndi mayiko ena. zitsimikizo. Mwanjira iyi, kuthamangitsidwa konse kutha kutha ndi ngongole ya omwe ali ndi ngongole yoyimitsidwa ad infinitum kwa chindapusa cha pamwezi chomwe chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a banki oyipa, ndipo zomwe sizikupitilira, tinene, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndalama zotayidwa za eni nyumba. Izi ndi zomwe boma likadachita lero pansi pa malamulo ndi malamulo omwe alipo kuti ateteze mabanja omwe ali ndi ngongole ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono.
Ngati muwonetsa mabanja omwe akuvutika ndi amalonda ang'onoang'ono msewuwu sunatengedwe ndi boma, nthawi yomweyo amafunsa kuti: "Chifukwa chiyani sanachite izi, ngati zinali mkati mwalamulo lawo komanso malingaliro awo kuti achite?" Mukalongosola kuti anasankha kuti asachite chifukwa adatengera zofuna zawo za ndalama za vulture, ndiye amakwiya ndipo amakhala okonzeka kwambiri kulowa nawo gululi kusiyana ndi kuti muwatembenuzire ku socialism.
Iyi ndi mfundo yathu yakusamvera kolimbikitsa: Mumayika malingaliro olimbikitsa, odekha omwe ngakhale Ufulu ukhoza kukhazikitsa mawa m'mawa. Ndiyeno mumamanga kayendetsedwe ka kusamvera anthu kuti mutsutse chisankho cha boma kuti musachigwiritse ntchito.
GS: Zolinga zanu za MeRA25 ndi zotani?
YV: Chitsutso chimodzi mwachilungamo ndichakuti MeRA25 si chipani chapachiyambi - panobe. Tili ndi anthu apansi koma sitinagwirizane ndi mayendedwe omwe alipo, ndipo tilibe ngakhale njira yachipani yokhazikika. Sizingakhale mwanjira ina - pafupifupi makumi asanu aife tinaganiza zopanga phwando kuyambira pachiyambi, chifukwa tinali ndi zokwanira za kudzipereka kwathunthu ku kusowa chiyembekezo ndi ku Troika. Tidakwanitsa kupeza mavoti pafupifupi 200,000 pakuyesa kwathu koyamba ndikulowa Nyumba Yamalamulo. Imeneyi inali ntchito yabwino kwambiri, koma sitepe yoyamba chabe.
Kubetcha kwakukulu kotsatira ndikutembenuza MeRA25 kukhala gulu lapansi lolumikizidwa ndi mayendedwe omwe alipo ndikuwapatsa demokalase yomwe ikusowa. Njira yokhayo yochitira izi inali kuyambitsa ndondomeko yopita ku Congress yokambirana kumapeto kwa May.
Tsiku lililonse, nthambi za m'deralo zimakumana ndi kuthandizira oimira madera akumidzi, kumenyana ndi migodi ya golide, poyesa kutseka ma cooperatives ku Thessaloniki, motsutsana ndi privatization ya kutaya zinyalala, kuwonongedwa kwa machitidwe a mitsinje ndi nkhalango, motsutsana ndi kubowola mafuta ndi gasi, kufooketsedwa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, kutsekedwa kwa masukulu ... tikuyenda njira yomanga chipani kuyambira pansi mpaka pansi, pogwiritsa ntchito Congress ngati chinyengo.
Tili ndi cholinga chofuna kwambiri, ndipo tikhala tikuzungulira ku Greece. Osati kungosonyeza kuti ndife ochenjera bwanji, koma kulola anthu omwe sankadziwa za kukhalapo kwa chipanichi kuti akhale gawo limodzi la ndondomeko yokonza ndondomekoyi, mothandizidwa nawo mokwanira.
GS: Zikadakhala m'boma chipani chanu chikanafuna kukhalabe ku European Union zivute zitani - kapena pamikhalidwe yotani?
YV: Tisananene zambiri pa izi, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pakati pa Grexit ndi Brexit, mikhalidwe iwiri yomwe anthu amaphatikiza molakwika. Brexit idakhala yotchuka, komanso yopambana, chifukwa inali kampeni yakunyumba, kuwonetsa kutsutsa umembala wa Britain ku European Union kuchokera kumanzere ndi Kumanja.
Grexit, mosiyana, idakhala nkhani yayikulu osati chifukwa cha kampeni yapakhomo yochotsa Greece ku European Union, kapena yuro, koma ngati chiwopsezo chochokera ku Troika kupita ku maboma aku Greece motsatizana: perekani anthu anu kuzovuta zolimba ndi kutigulitsa. Siliva ya banja lanu pamtengo wochepa, kapena tidzakuchepetseni pang'onopang'ono pokutulutsani mu euro.
Choncho, pali malingaliro awiri osiyana kwambiri. Imodzi ikukhudza eurozone ndipo ina ikukhudza European Union. Kuchokera pomwe ndikuyima, kampeni yakumanzere yotuluka ku EU ndi lingaliro loyipa, ngakhale wina avomereza - monga momwe ndimachitira - kuti kunali kulakwitsa kulowa mu EU. Bwanji osatuluka ngati simunalowemo? Pazifukwa ziwiri zabwino: Choyamba, kutuluka sikungakubwezereni komwe mukadakhala kuti simunalowemo. Kachiwiri, monga Brexit yawonetsera, kuyesa kulikonse pa Lexit [kutuluka kumanzere] kumangowomba mphepo yamkuntho pamapiko a mapiko akumanja. Kutembenukira tsopano ku umembala wa yuro, womwe uli wosiyana kwambiri ndi umembala wa EU; Ndimanyozedwa ndi Ufulu ndi Syriza ngati munthu wokonzeka kutuluka mu euro - mlandu womwe ndikuulula. Inde, mu 2015 ndinali wokonzeka kutuluka yuro (ndi kutulutsanso ndalama za dziko) ngati njira ina inali ukapolo wa ngongole. Ndidakali wokonzeka kutuluka yuro, momwemonso MeRA25, ngakhale simalingaliro athu.
Malingaliro athu, omwe tinayika kwa osankhidwa mwachipambano mu July watha, anali ophweka: tidzakhala unilaterally (ie, popanda kukambirana ndi Troika) kukhazikitsa malamulo ochepa omwe akuyenera kuchitidwa kuti aletse ambiri a Agiriki kuti asagwere mozama mukusowa chiyembekezo. Ngati Troika, mwanzeru zake, asankha kutitulutsa kunja kwa euro, asiye kuti achite zoipa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zidzatiwonongera kwambiri m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi anthu athu adzakhala bwino. Komanso, tikadakhulupirira izi ndikuchita mwachipongwe, a Troika angakane chifukwa Grexit angawawonongere pafupifupi € 1 thililiyoni.
Ndiwo momwe timaonera nthawi zambiri: pa mfundo zokhudzana ndi ngongole zomwe sizikuyenda bwino, pazotsalira zoyambirira, zamisonkho, zomwe tingachite ndi ngongole, sitikambirana ndi Troika kapena Brussels. Tidzakhazikitsa malamulo ofunikira kuti chuma chandale zachi Greek chikhalenso chokhazikika - ndikusiyira Troika kuti asankhe ngati akufuna kutilanga, komanso iwowo, kudzera pa Grexit. Izi sizowoneka bwino, pazifukwa zosavuta: kaya apitiliza ndi Grexit kapena ayi, Agiriki ambiri azikhala bwino pakapita nthawi kuposa ngati titatengera Syriza.
Kuti tibwerezenso, sitiri auve. Sitikukayikira kuti Troika kapena Brussels adzakana mwatsatanetsatane lingaliro lililonse lomwe tipanga. Koma sitikambirana nawo. Cholakwika mu 2015 chinali kukambirana zinthu izi. Boma la MeRA25 lidzakhazikitsa lamulo limodzi lofunikira kuti dziko la Greece likhazikikenso. Ngati akufuna kutitulutsa mu eurozone chifukwa cha izi, timawaitana kuti atero, osadzipangira tokha.
GS: Kodi mukuganiza kuti kukula kwa kugonjetsedwa kwa Labor Party ku Britain kunali ndi Brexit?
YV: Kuyambira pomwe Jeremy Corbyn adakhala mtsogoleri wa Labor, maulamuliro omwe anali mgululi adachita zinthu zomwe zidawonetsa kutsimikiza mtima kwawo kuti amuchotse ngakhale zitatanthauza kusunga Tories kukhala wamphamvu mpaka kalekale. Iwo anayesa kulanda kumodzi pambuyo pa mnzake Jeremy, m'njira yomwe inanena momveka bwino kuti kuletsa Labor kukhala patsogolo kwenikweni pa mfundo zakunja ndi ndondomeko zapakhomo kunali kofunika kwambiri kwa iwo. Monga momwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa demokalase kungakonde kukhala ndi Trump ku White House kuposa Bernie Sanders.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a Brexit, ndikuwona kuti ndizodabwitsa kuti otayika kwambiri nthawi zonse, otsalira olimba - anthu omwe adaganiza molakwika mlengalenga ku Britain, anthu omwe adadziwombera okha pamapazi pochotsa zotsatira za referendum ngati cholakwika. ndi zitsiru zomwe siziyenera kukhala ndi ufulu wovota, anthu omwewo omwe amatsutsana ndi anthu ogwira ntchito abwino omwe sanagwirizane nawo pa Brexit, anthu omwewo omwe adakankhira referendum yachiwiri osati ngati njira yopititsira demokalase ku Britain koma mophweka. kuti athetse woyamba, ndipo potero, zidapangitsa kuti Boris Johnson akhale nduna yayikulu ndikupanga Brexit yolimba - otayika odabwitsawa ali ndi mphamvu yoimba mlandu Jeremy Corbyn chifukwa chakugonja kwa Labor. Ndimapeza kuti kuphatikiza kodabwitsa kwa kulimba mtima komanso kuweruza moyipa.
Udindo wa Jeremy pa Brexit wakhala womveka bwino kuyambira pachiyambi. Thandizo lake losasunthika komanso lopanda chidwi kwa Remain linali kuyimba koyenera, monga momwe ndikukhudzidwira. Zomwe adanena zinali, anthu ngati ife - iye, ine, ena - anali otsutsa kulowa European Economic Community m'ma 1970, monga Tony Benn wodabwitsa, pazifukwa zabwino za demokalase. Koma patatha zaka makumi anayi ndi zitatu tili gawo limodzi la EU, kuchotsa Britain ku EU yopanda demokalase, pamapeto pake, kuwononga kwambiri anthu omwe timawaona ngati anthu athu. Chifukwa chake, molingana, tidathandizira Khalanibe, ndi cholinga chogwira ntchito ku boma la Labor lomwe, ku Brussels, likutsutsa gehena kuchokera kumalingaliro a neoliberal mkati mwa EU. Umenewu unali udindo wodziŵika bwino kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa referendum, yomwe tidataya, inali ndi udindo wolemekeza zotsatira zake ndikuti, chabwino, tataya, tiyeni tiyesetse kukhazikitsa Brexit yomwe imachepetsa mtengo kwa ogwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, tidapereka lingaliro la mgwirizano wamasitomu womwe susokoneza njira zogulitsira zomwe zimasunga Nissan ku Sunderland ndikugwirizana kwambiri ndi msika umodzi. Nanga ma Remainers olimba adawayankha bwanji? Kudzudzula udindo wanzeru wa Jeremy Corbyn pomwe akuwonetsa ovota a Brexiteer Labor ndikupempha referendum yachiwiri kuti akonze chigamulo cha woyamba.
Corbyn adawauzabe kuti, ngati apitiliza kuchita izi, mavoti onse a Labor ndi Remain agawika pomwe ma Tories, pambuyo pochita pogrom yamkati, adzalumikizana pansi pa mbendera yolimba ya Brexit. Kupatula apo, kodi ili si phunziro la mbiriyakale - kuti a Tories, motsogozedwa ndi chidwi chofuna kukwaniritsa zofuna za gulu lolamulira, adzagwirizana nthawi zonse pamapeto? Nthawi yomwe Boris Johnson adatenga udindo wa Theresa May, ndimatha kuwona zolemba pakhoma: mbali yathu ya ndale za ku Britain idatayika, chifukwa tidzakhala ogawikana pakati pa Otsalira ndi Osiya.
Manifesto ya Labor - ndipo Jeremy anali kulondola, apa - anachita kupambana mkangano. Mosakayikira, anthu ambiri adagwirizana ndikusintha mbali zina za njanji zomwe zimayamwa - ngakhale a Tories akuti angafunikire kusinthanso Southern Rail. Iwo adagwirizana ndi lingaliro la burodibandi yaulere, ntchito yapagulu yomwe imakulitsa zokolola zamakampani ang'onoang'ono, mabanja, ndi zina zotero. Iwo adagwirizana ndi ndondomeko za kusintha kobiriwira, banki yadziko lonse. Koma pamapeto pake, Brexit adakhala ndi zida ndi Otsalira olimba osaopa boma la Brexit Johnson lolimba kumanja, lolimba kuposa chipani chotsogozedwa ndi Corbyn.
Yanis Varoufakis anali nduna ya zachuma ku Greece m'miyezi yoyamba ya boma lotsogozedwa ndi Syriza mu 2015. Mabuku ake akuphatikizapo The Global Minotaur ndi Akuluakulu M'chipinda.
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