Kuwona anthu, makamaka amayi kapena ana, akuyenda mtunda wa makilomita mโmisewu yafumbi kukanyamula nkhuni kubwerera kunyumba zawo kuti akaphike, kutentha ndi kuwala si zachilendo mโmadera akumidzi ku South Africa. Momwemonso, m'nyengo yozizira iliyonse, moto umayaka m'matauni masauzande ambiri omwe ali m'mizinda chifukwa anthu amakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowopsa monga malasha ndi parafini. Chomvetsa chisoni kusowa kwa magetsi, chifukwa chosagula, kwapha anthu masauzande ambiri. Nthawi zina, moto wa zisakasawu ukawononga kwambiri, andale m'dziko muno amayendetsa ma BMW, ma Mercedes Benz ndi alonda oyipa ndikupita kumaderawa kukadandaula ndi kuvutika komanso kulonjeza kusintha. Aliyense nayenso amalumbira kuti ngati ozunzidwawo avotera chipani chawo nyengo yatsopano ya chitukuko idzayamba, koma pamapeto pake palibe chomwe chimasintha. Zowonadi, ukonde wabodza woti andale amtundu uliwonse alibe malire.
Chifukwa chake palibe chomwe chimasintha chifukwa ngakhale andale awa achokera ku chipani chanji, iwo ndi gawo limodzi la utsogoleri wa dongosolo - mu mawonekedwe a boma ndi capitalism - lomwe lapangidwa kuti lizimenya nkhondo ndi ogwira ntchito, kuti liwonjezeke. chuma cha olemera ndi kuteteza zofuna zawo. Nthawi ndi nthawi andale amenewa pamodzi ndi olemera akhala akuukira anthu ogwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Zowukira zaposachedwa pa izi zidachitika posachedwa pomwe boma ndi kampani yopereka magetsi m'boma, Eskom, idalengeza kuti mtengo wamagetsi m'mabanja ukwera ndi 100% mzaka zitatu zikubwerazi. M'malo mwake, mu 2010 mokha mitengo yamagetsi ikuyembekezeka kukwera ndi 24% kwa ogwira ntchito[1]. Zotsatira za kuwonjezeka kwa zakuthambo izi zidzakhala zowononga, komanso zodziwika bwino: kudulidwa kwa magetsi kudzawonjezeka; kuthamangitsidwa kokhudzana ndi kubweza mtengo kwa Eskom kudzakwera; anthu mamiliyoni ambiri adzagwiritsa ntchito magwero amphamvu oopsa monga parafini; ndipo chiลตerengero cha moto wa zisakasa ndi imfa zomwe zikugwirizana nazo zidzachuluka[2]. Boma, andale, olemera ndi a Eskom, sasamala kwenikweni za izi ngakhale amati pakachitika masoka ngati moto wa zisakasa. Chomwe amasamala kwenikweni ndikufinya ndalama zambiri kuchokera kwa antchito ndi osauka.
Eskom imathandiza olemera pomenya nkhondo ndi anthu osauka
Zoona zake, Eskom yakhala imodzi mwamalo akuluakulu omwe maboma ndi olemera amamenyera nkhondo anthu osauka. Munthawi ya tsankho Eskom idakhazikitsidwa kuti ipereke magetsi otsika mtengo popanda phindu kwa ma capitalist azungu olemera kwambiri mdzikolo monga nyumba zamigodi. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 kampani ya Eskom ya boma inasiya kugwira ntchito popanda phindu ndipo idagulitsidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti idayamba kugulitsa magetsi ngati chinthu kuti ipeze ndalama[3]. Cholinga cha kupanga phindu kumeneku, komabe, sichinali mabungwe; linali gulu la ogwira ntchito. Momwemo, kuyambira m'ma 1980 mtengo umene ogwira ntchito ayenera kulipira magetsi wakwera kwambiri. Zotsatira za izi zakhala zowopsa popeza kuyambira 1994 Eskom idadula magetsi kwa anthu opitilira 10 miliyoni chifukwa samatha kulipira.[4]. Kuonjezera chipongwe, linalinso bungwe la boma la Servcon, lomwe linathamangitsa ambiri mwa anthuwa mโnyumba zawo chifukwa chosalipira.[5]. Mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko yotsatsa malonda imeneyi, boma ndi mabwana a Eskom anaukiranso antchito a kampaniyo. Kuti achepetse ndalama adathamangitsa antchito 40 000 mwa ogwira ntchito 85 000 a Eskom mzaka za m'ma 1990.[6]. Masiku ano kwatsala antchito opitilira 30 000 ku Eskom. Cholinga cha kuchotsedwa ntchito kwa anthu ambiriwa kwakhala kukulitsa kudyera masuku pamutu kwa ogwira ntchito otsalawo. Zowonadi, akhala ogwira ntchito ndi osauka omwe akakamizidwa kutengera malonda a Eskom: kuzungulira kwatsopano kwamitengo ndi gawo chabe la ndondomeko yomwe yakhala nthawi yayitali.
Ngakhale kuti Eskom ikufuna kukulitsa phindu lomwe imapeza popereka magetsi kwa ogwira ntchito, Eskom ikupitiliza kulipiritsa makampani akuluakulu mdziko muno mitengo yotsika kwambiri yamagetsi mwina kulikonse padziko lapansi.[7]. Kukula kwa izi kudawululidwa pamene zidalengezedwa, ndi magulu ngati Earthlife Africa, kuti Eskom ili ndi mapangano achinsinsi amtengo wapatali ndi mabungwe 138 kumwera kwa Africa. Pansi pa mapanganowa, omwe adavomerezedwa ndi boma pambuyo pa tsankho, mabungwewa akhala akulandira magetsi pansi pa mtengo wapakati wopangira.[8]. Zanenedwanso kuti izi zikutanthauza kuti mabungwewa akulandira magetsi pakati pa 9 ndi 35 cents pa Kilowatt / Hour.[9]; pomwe mabanja amalipira pafupifupi masenti 80 pa Kiliowatt\Hour[10]. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti ena mwa makampaniwa akulandira magetsi pamtengo wotsika ndi 500% poyerekeza ndi zomwe makasitomala ambiri ogwira ntchito akukakamizika kulipira.[11]. Kuti zinthu ziipireipire, ambiri mwa mabungwewa sadzakhalanso omasuka pakukwera kwamitengo komwe kwalengezedwa posachedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti osauka akupangidwa, ndi Eskom ndi boma, kuti athandize olemera.
Kampani yomwe boma ndi Eskom mwina zathandizira kwambiri ndi BHP Billiton. BHP Billiton adayamba moyo wake ngati kampani yopatsa mphamvu ku Africaner, Gencor, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa munthawi ya tsankho. Mkatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1990 nduna ya zachuma yoyamba ya boma la pambuyo pa tsankho, Derek Keys, adapatsa Gencor chilolezo chosuntha mabiliyoni a ndalama kumtunda kukagula kampani yotchedwa Billiton ndikukhala imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi. Monga gawo la izi, Gencor idasamutsa mwalamulo umwini wa zigawo zake zopindulitsa kwambiri ku kampani yake yocheperako yomwe idapezedwa kumene ya Billiton ndikutenga dzina lake. Posakhalitsa Keys adachoka m'boma kukhala mtsogoleri wa Billiton. Kenako adalandira chilolezo kuchokera ku boma kuti asamutsire likulu lawo ku London ndi Melbourne, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kampaniyo ikhoza kubweza mapindu onse omwe adapeza ku South Africa kunja kwa dzikolo. Thandizo lomwe boma lapereka kwa BHP Billiton silinathere[12]. Kuyambira 1997 dziko la South Africa lawonetsetsa kuti Eskom ipereka magetsi atatu a BHP Billiton kummwera kwa Africa magetsi otsika mtengo kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika mtengo wopangira. Zochita zotere ndi mabungwe zalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi Eskom yomwe idataya ndalama zokwana R 9.5 biliyoni mu 2009.[13]. M'malo mwake, zawerengedwa kuti mu 2009 mokha BHP Billiton adapanga R 1.3 biliyoni kuchokera kumakampani ake ndi Eskom. Kuti tifotokoze kukula kwa izi, R 1.3 biliyoni ikanatha kuperekera mabanja osauka oposa 280 000 magetsi a 200 a Kilowatt/Ola pamwezi kwa chaka.[14] Izi zidapangitsa kuti Eskom alengeze kuti ikambirananso za mgwirizano wake ndi BHP Billiton. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, komabe, adalengezedwa kuti malonda omwe adakambidwanso adzakhalanso achinsinsi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali chiyembekezo chenicheni chakuti pang'ono chidzasintha.
Makampani 138 omwe Eskom ndi dziko la South Africa amapereka magetsi otsika mtengo kwambiri kuti awononge 40% ya magetsi opangidwa mdziko muno.[15]. Izi pamodzi ndi kuphulika kwa malo opangira magetsi komwe kunatsagana ndi malonda a Eskom zadzetsa vuto lalikulu la magetsi.[16]. Komabe, anthu ogwira ntchito ndiwo akhala akukakamizika kusenza mavutowa chifukwa cha kuzimitsidwa kwa magetsi ndi kuwonjezereka kwa ndalama. Kuphatikiza pa izi, dziko la South Africa lapezanso ngongole ya World Bank kuti Eskom iwonjezere mphamvu zake, zomwe anthu azilipira. Zakonzedwa kuti ngongoleyi igwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga malo awiri opangira magetsi amalasha omwe opindula kwambiri adzakhala mabungwe akuluakulu. Malo opangira magetsi atsopanowa akuwonjezera kuipitsidwa kwambiri komwe makampani, kuphatikiza Eskom, akupanga ku South Africa.[17]. Zowonadi, kuyambira pomwe Eskom idakhazikitsidwa yakhala ikutulutsa ndalama zenizeni zakuwonongeka kwake kumadera kudzera pamsika.
M'modzi mwa omwe apindula kwambiri ndi ngongole ya World Bank ndikumanga malo opangira magetsi atsopano ndi chimphona chachikulu cha Hitachi.[18]. Mwendo waku South Africa wa Hitachi ndi wa kampani yazachuma ya ANC, Chancellor House. Sizinangochitika mwangozi, chifukwa chake, kuti mgwirizano pakati pa Eskom ndi Hitachi udayendetsedwa ndi wolemera kwambiri wa ANC Valli Moosa yemwenso ndi Wapampando wa Eskom. Chifukwa cha mgwirizanowu, a ANC akuimbidwa mlandu wokhoza kupanga ndalama zoposa 50 miliyoni kuchokera ku mgwirizanowu kudzera ku Chancellor House.[19]. Chiyembekezo cha izi chinakweza mkwiyo wa anthu ambiri. Pokakamizidwa ndi anthu, Chancellor House ndi Hitachi pamapeto pake adalengeza kuti ndalamazi sizipita ku ANC, chifukwa kunali kusamvana, koma anthu apadera omwe amagwirizana ndi Chancellor House. Anthu 'achinsinsi' awa ndi ndani, komabe, Hitachi ndi Chancellor House sakufuna kunena. Izi zikuwunikiranso momwe ziphuphu zilili gawo la chuma cha capitalist komanso momwe zokomera ma capitalist, mayiko, ndale ndi zipani zandale zimayenderana.
Vuto lomwe lilipo pano la mphamvu yamagetsi komanso ngongole ya Banki Yadziko Lonse zakwezanso chiyembekezo chakukula kwa magawo ena a Eskom. Posachedwapa adalengezedwa kuti magawo a mphamvu zopangira magetsi a Eskom akuyenera kukhala abizinesi. Makampani omwe akulangiza Eskom za ndondomeko zoyendetsera anthu wamba si ena koma zimphona zachinyengo za Goldman Sachs ndi JP Morgan - omwe alipo chifukwa cha ndalama zambiri zomwe boma la US limapereka.[20]. Mosakayikira makampani awiriwa akupeza ndalama zambiri kuchokera paudindo wawo. Monga gawo la kayendetsedwe kazinthu zabizinesi zikuyembekezeredwanso kuti antchito masauzande ambiri achotsedwa ntchito, pomwe ena adzagulitsidwa kwa makampani omwe adzatenge gawo la mphamvu zopangira mphamvu za Eskom.[21]. Poganizira mbiri ya privatives ku South Africa komanso padziko lonse lapansi, ndizotheka kuti gawo latsopanoli labizinesi libweretsanso mitengo yokwera komanso kuchepetsedwa kwina mtsogolo.
Zachidziwikire, Eskom idakhala kale ndi mbiri yayitali yochita nawo mayanjano ambiri aboma komanso kutulutsa zina mwa ntchito zake. Pazinthu zonse zakunja zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yazaumoyo yamakampani yomwe cholinga chake chinali kukulitsa phindu lamakampani akuluakulu omwe amatenga ntchitozi. Makampani ambiri omwe adalandira makontrakitala otumizira kunja amakhala ndi maulalo otsogolera mu ANC, ndipo mchitidwe wothamangitsidwa ndi mabungwe ogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri wakhala ndi cholinga chopindulitsa anthu ochepa akuda kudzera mu Black Economic Empowerment (BEE).[22]. Mwachitsanzo, pa nkhani ya Eskom kontrakiti ya R300 miliyoni yoyang'anira zinthu zina za kampaniyo inaperekedwa kwa bungwe - Drake & Scull - pamene Valli Moosa anali Wapampando wa Eskom. Siziyenera kudabwitsa kuti Valli Moosa nayenso ndi eni ake a Drake & Scull. M'malo mwake, adagula gawo mukampaniyi miyezi ingapo asanaipatse kontrakitala ya Eskom. Ngakhale Moosa ndi Drake & Scull apanga ndalama zambiri kuchokera mumgwirizanowu, ogwira nawo ntchito adayenera kusiya zotulukapo zake. Adauzidwa kuti asamukire ku Drake & Scull, ndikutaya zabwino zambiri zomwe anali nazo, kapena kuvomera kuchotsedwa ntchito. [23]. Izi, komabe, si zachilendo, padziko lonse lapansi kutulutsidwa kwa ntchito ndi kubisala ntchito zakhala zikuwonetsedwa kuti ziwononge ntchito za ogwira ntchito, pomwe nthawi yomweyo zikuwonjezera mtengo wa ntchito kwa anthu.
Mabungwe aboma omwe adalumikizana ndi Eskom adalandira mphotho yabwino chifukwa chopereka magetsi otsika mtengo kumakampani komanso kupereka ma kontrakitala otumizira olemera. Mwachitsanzo, mkulu wakale wa Eskom Jacob Moraga adalandira malipiro pafupifupi R 5 miliyoni mchaka cha 2009 chokha.[24]. Pamene adachoka posachedwa ku Eskom adapemphanso ndikusumira mlandu wowonjezera R 85 miliyoni ngati phukusi lochotsa ntchito. Momwemonso, munthawi ya tsankho yemwe anali CFO wakale wa Eskom, Mick Davis, adalandira mphotho yabwino kwambiri kotero kuti adagwiritsa ntchito izi, limodzi ndi kulumikizana komwe adapanga, ngati maziko okhazikitsa limodzi mwamabungwe akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Xstrata.[25]. Chifukwa chake, akuluakulu ogwirizana ndi boma akhala akulipidwa kwambiri monganso ma capitalist anzawo pothandiza olemera ndi kuchitira nkhanza osauka. Zowonadi, khomo lozungulira lilipo pakati pa boma ndi mabungwe akulu ku South Africa.
Eskom ndi gawo la projekiti ya boma ya corporate welfarism
Thandizo lalikulu lomwe boma limapereka kumakampani, kudzera mu Eskom, sizochitika zokha. Boma kudzera m'mabungwe ake ambiri aboma lapereka mabiliyoni a ndalama zothandizira mabungwe. Ngakhale mu nthawi ya neo-liberalism, ndalama zambiri zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi boma kumapulojekiti monga Coega ndi Lesotho Highlands Water Project kuti apindule ndi mabungwe. Pankhani ya Coega, idapangidwa mwa zina kuti ipatse makampani akuluakulu mwayi wokhazikitsanso zosungunulira pamtengo wotsika kwambiri; pamene Lesotho Highlands Water Project inali ndi cholinga chopatutsa madzi kuchokera mโchigawo chapafupi kupita ku mabungwe a Gauteng pamitengo yotsika kwambiri. Makampani akuluakulu omangamanga, monga Murray ndi Roberts, adapezanso ndalama zambiri chifukwa cha makontrakitala aboma omwe amatsagana ndi ntchitoyi. Momwemonso, bungwe la boma la Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) lapereka mabungwe mabiliyoni ambiri potengera ngongole, thandizo lazachuma komanso kubweza ngongole. Mu 2010 yokha idawononga ndalama zokwana 11 biliyoni[26] kulimbikitsa zofuna zamakampani ndi capitalism mdziko muno.
Pansi pa akuluakulu aboma ngati Alec Erwin boma latenga nawo gawo pakuwonetsetsa kuti mabungwe akulu ngati ArcelorMittal aperekedwa ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo kwambiri kuti awalimbikitse kuti azigulitsa ku South Africa komanso kuti awonjezere phindu lawo. Boma lidawonetsetsa kuti ArcelorMittal atagula wopanga zitsulo zachinsinsi Iscor alandila chitsulo pamtengo kuphatikiza 3%. Boma ndiye, linalola ArcelorMittal kugulitsa zitsulo zake pamitengo yamtengo wapatali[27]. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mothandizidwa ndi boma, ntchito za ArcelorMittal ku South Africa zakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, boma lawononganso ndalama zambiri pa Gautrain. Apanso amene anapindula ndi ntchitoyi anali makampani omanga ndi olemera. Tsono pamene dongosolo la Metrorail - logwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito ndi osauka - lili pafupi kutha chifukwa cha kudula ndalama za boma; olemera amalonda azitha kuyenda kupita ku Sandton pa liwiro la 160 km\h ndikukwera masitima apamwamba mwachilolezo cha boma. Kuphatikiza apo, mayanjano aboma achinsinsi komanso kutumizira ena ntchito zomwe zidatsagana ndi polojekiti ya Gautrain zidasokonekera chifukwa cha kubweza, ma tender okhota komanso phindu kwa olemera omwe anali ndi ubale wandale.[28].
Chinthu chinanso chomwe dziko la South Africa lidayamba ntchito yothandiza makampani ndi ndalama zomwe lawononga pa World Cup. Omwe apindula kwambiri ndi ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito pomanga mabwalo amasewera, ndi zomangamanga zina, akhala makampani omanga, FIFA ndi othandizira mabungwe. Zawerengeredwa kuti ndalama zomwe boma lidawononga pomanga masitediyamu zikadatha kumanga nyumba zopitilira 450 000 za anthu osowa pokhala. Choyipirapo nโchakuti mโmalo ena monga Mpumulanga, masukulu awiri anagwetsedwa kuti apezekepo bwaloli; pomwe masauzande mazana a anthu osauka athamangitsidwa mkatikati mwa mizinda ngati gawo la njira yopangira gentrification. Kuonjezera chipongwe mabwalo ambiri amasewera asinthidwa. Ku Cape Town, kuyendetsa bwaloli kwaperekedwa kwa kampani yachinsinsi, Stad de France / SAIL. Monga gawo la izi, Mzinda wa Cape Town udatsimikizira Stad de France / SAIL phindu ngakhale bwaloli silidzadzanso pambuyo pa World Cup.[29].
Ngakhale zomwe anthu oganiza za neo-liberal anganene, motero, boma ku South Africa lakhala likuthandizira mabungwe ndikuthandizira olemera. Boma ndi thandizo la Eskom kwa makampani akuluakulu 138, kudzera popereka magetsi otsika mtengo wopangira, ndi gawo chabe la njira iyi. Kuwonjezeka kwamitengo kwaposachedwa kwa ogwira ntchito kulinso gawo la subsidiation iyi kwa olemera. Zowonadi, mโmbiri yonse ya ukapitalizimu boma lakhala likuchita mbali yaikulu mโkutetezera zokonda za olemera.
Kulimbana ndi magetsi aulere ndi kupitirira
Zikuwonekeratu kuti mtundu wa welfarism wamakampani womwe umachitika ku South Africa wakhudza kwambiri ogwira ntchito komanso osauka. Mfundo yakuti dziko la South Africa ndi dziko losafanana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zimatsimikizira zimenezo. Kukwera kwamitengo yamagetsi kwaposachedwa, komwe ndi gawo la chisamaliro chamakampani chomwe boma la South Africa likuchita, kukulitsa masautso omwe antchito ambiri ndi osauka akuvutitsidwa. Pachifukwachi zikuoneka kuti zionetsero zomwe zachitika ku South Africa zipitilira ndipo mwina zikuchulukirachulukira.
Mkati mwa nkhondozi, komabe, ogwira ntchito ndi osauka sayenera kuyang'ana ku boma ngati mtundu wina wosalowerera ndale kapena ngakhale bwenzi. Mfundo yakuti boma limateteza zofuna za olemera ndi kulamulira ochepa kwa ogwira ntchito ndi osauka zikutanthauza kuti sizingakhale choncho. Popanda kukakamizidwa kuchokera pansi ndi ogwira ntchito, boma silingaganizire ngakhale kuyimitsa kukwera kwa mitengo yamagetsi kapena kutulutsa magetsi aulere kwa osauka. Kuvotera andale kapena kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro munyumba yamalamulo sikubweretsanso zinthu zomwe anthu amafunikira. Andale amtundu uliwonse ndi gawo limodzi la osankhika ndipo amatenga gawo la oteteza dongosolo la capitalist. Momwemonso kudalira akatswiri ndi akuluakulu, pamodzi ndi kukhulupirira zokambirana ndi boma ndi olemera - omwe ndi adani - sikudzabwezanso kukwera kwamitengo kwaposachedwa kapena kubweretsa magetsi osauka. Zonse zomwe akatswiri ndi akuluakulu achita ndikukweza mitengo kwa osauka, pomwe olemera ndi mabungwe akupatsa magetsi otsika mtengo.
M'malo mwake, njira yothandiza kwambiri kuti ogwira ntchito ndi osauka apindule ngati magetsi aulere ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwachindunji. Zinali zovuta za anthu monga Operation Khanyisa - zomwe zidakhudza omenyera ufulu wochita zinthu monga kulumikizanso magetsi a anthu omwe adazimitsidwa - zomwe zidakakamiza boma kukhazikitsa njira yopezera magetsi ngakhale yaying'ono. Chomwe chinali chofunikira pamavuto ngati Operation Khanyisa chinali chakuti nawonso amatsogozedwa ndi ogwira ntchito komanso osauka omwe. Zowonadi, ngati mitengo yamagetsi ibwezeredwa kwa osauka, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kuchitika m'dziko lonselo. Zochita zachindunji zokha, kuphatikizapo zigawenga, zochitidwa ndi ogwira ntchito pawokha zidzakakamiza boma kuti lisinthe kukwera mitengo kwamitengo. Monga gawo la nkhondoyi, ogwira ntchito angagwiritsenso ntchito zochitika zachindunji kuyesa kuonetsetsa kuti olemera ndi mabungwe amalipira ndalama zambiri za magetsi kuti osauka azipeza kwaulere. Inde, kulimbana koteroko kuti apindule mwamsanga kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito pomanga chidaliro, bungwe ndi mphamvu za ogwira ntchito, zomwe zingakhale zofunikira pakulimbana kwakukulu kwa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu.[30].
Zowona kuti kubizinesi ndi kugulitsa kwa Eskom kwapangitsa kuti mitengo ichuluke kwa osauka zikutanthauza kuti ngati gawo la zovuta zilizonse izi ziyenera kukanidwa. Kuchita zinthu mwachinsinsi ku South Africa kwadzetsa kutayika kwa ntchito kwakukulu, kukwera mitengo kwamitengo ndi kuchepetsedwa, zomwe zakhudza kwambiri ogwira ntchito. Mfundo yakuti olemera amapeza magetsi otsika mtengo pamene osauka amadulidwa zimachitikanso chifukwa kagulu kakang'ono ka anthu - olemba ntchito payekha ndi boma - amalamulira njira zopangira ndikukhala ndi chuma chochuluka; pamene anthu ena onse alibe kalikonse ndipo amakakamizika kugwirira ntchito olemera kuti apulumuke. Momwemo privatization ndi capitalism iyenera kulimbana nayo ngati gawo lomenyera phindu lachangu. Pochita izi, komabe, ziyenera kuwonetsedwanso kuti umwini wa boma si njira yothetsera ndipo sikubweretsa ufulu kwa ogwira ntchito ndi osauka. Chifukwa chake, umwini wa boma sufanana ndi socialism. Eni ake a boma amagwirizana kwambiri ndi capitalism ndipo ena mwamakampani odana ndi ogwira ntchito ndi osauka m'mbiri akhala akuboma.[31].
Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kumenyera kupindula kwachangu, monga magetsi, kuyeneranso kudziwitsidwa ndi cholinga chakuti potsirizira pake alowe m'malo mwa boma ndi capitalism ndi dongosolo latsopano lomwe limatumikira ndipo likuyendetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito okha. Mwina, chotero, mtundu wa dziko limene tiyenera kulimenyera ndi dziko lopanda mabwana; kumene kulibe magulu amtundu uliwonse; kumene antchito amadziyendetsa okha; kumene chuma chimakonzedwa mwademokalase kudzera m'misonkhano ndi makonsolo ammudzi ndi ogwira ntchito, komwe anthu amayendetsedwa mwademokalase kuchokera pansi kupita pansi pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la misonkhano ndi nthumwi zobwezeretsedwa; kumene chuma chonse chimasonkhanitsidwa; kumene chilengedwe sichigwiriridwa; ndi komwe cholinga ndi kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu osati kupanga phindu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina dziko lozikidwa pa mfundo za anarchist pomwe aliyense alidi mfulu.
Kuti tipeze dziko loterolo, pangafunike gulu lamphamvu lomwe liyeneranso kukhala lademokalase komanso lodzilamulira lokha. Gulu lomwe si la demokalase, kapena momwe olamulira ndi aluntha akuwongolera, kapena momwe atsogoleri amapangira zisankho ndikulangiza otsatira zoyenera kuchita, sangathe kupanga dziko lotere. Chinthu chokha chomwe chingathe kuchita ndikuyika anthu osankhika atsopano pamutu wa anthu. Momwemonso, zolimbana ndi kusuntha kwa dziko labwino ziyenera kukhala zophiphiritsira; ngati tikufuna tsogolo la demokalase, kutengapo mbali komanso kudzilamulira tokha; ndiye njira zathu ndi mayendedwe athu ayeneranso kukhala ademokalase, kutenga nawo mbali komanso kudziwongolera tokha[32]. Zoonadi, kwanenedwa kale kuti kumasulidwa kwa ogwira ntchito ndi osauka kuyenera kukwaniritsidwa, ndipo m'manja mwa ogwira ntchito ndi osauka okha; china chilichonse sichingakhale ufulu weniweni.
[1] www.mg.co.za/article/2010-02-24-eskom-gets-price-hike-inflation-fears-rise 24th February 2010
[2] Pithouse, R. Eskom: Nthawi yothandizira kugawa kuchokera pansi. www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/418.1 28th January 2010
[3] Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front. Chotsani mabwana ndi andale. http://www.zabalaza.net/index02.htm
[4] McDonald, D. 2002The Bell Tolls Kwa Inu: Kubwezeretsa Mtengo, Cutoffs, ndi Kuthekera kwa Ntchito za Municipal ku South Africa. Lipoti la Ntchito ya Municipal Services: South Africa
[5] Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front. Chotsani mabwana ndi andale. http://www.zabalaza.net/index02.htm
[6] Hallowes, D & Butler, M. 2003. Kupanga Tsogolo: Njira Zamakampani ndi Kupanga Kupanda Chilungamo kwa Zachilengedwe ku South Africa. Lipoti la GroundWork: South Africa
[7] Bond, P (ed.). 2002. Mphamvu Zosakhazikika: Chilengedwe, Chitukuko ndi Chiwonetsero cha Anthu. University of Natal Press: South Africa
[8] Earthlife Africa. Chidule cha Mphamvu Zokhazikika 18: Mtengo ndi Mtengo wa Eskom. Earthlife Africa: South Africa
[9] Ashton, G. Eskom: Kutigwetsa mumdima. www://sacsis.org.za/site/article/446.1 18th March 2010
[10] Craven, P. Cosatu akudzudzula Eskom tariff kwa olemera. http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71654?oid=165121&sn=Detail 10th March 2010
[11] Carnie, T. Eskom mu mgwirizano watsopano wa 'sweetheart'. www.iol.co.za 8th April 2010
[12] Bond, P. 2000. Kusintha kwa Elite: Kuchokera ku Tsankho kupita ku Neoliberalism ku South Africa. Pluto Press: United Kingdom
[13] Mokakamiza, lipoti la D. Motraco siloona, ikutero Eskom. Cape Times, 25th April 2010
[14] Earthlife Africa. Chidule cha Mphamvu Zokhazikika 18: Mtengo wa Eskom ndi Mtengo. Earthlife Africa: South Africa
[15] Carnie, T. Eskom info yazimitsidwa.
[16] Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front. Ndemanga ya ZACF pa Kumenyedwa kwa Cosatu, Kuvuta kwa Magetsi ndi Mitengo ya Chakudya ndi Mafuta. www.zabalaza.net 5th August 2008
[17] Bond, P. Ngongole yaku banki yomwe ingathyole msana wa South Africa. mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2010/bond130410.html 14 April 2010
[18] Bond, P. & D'Sa, D. World Bank ngongole ya malasha ku South Africa? Ayi zikomo!www.wdm.org.uk/blog/world-bank-coal-loan-south-africa-no-thanks 7th April 2010
[19]www.busrep.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=5437025 20th April 2010
[20]www.ukzn.ac.za/ccs/default.asp?2,27,3,2023 21st April 2010
[22] van der Walt, L. 2008. ASGISA: kutsutsa gulu la ogwira ntchito. Zabalaza: A Journal of Southern African Revolutionary Anarchism,no8. www.zabalaza.net
[23] Nthawi zachifundo za Brummer, S & Sole, S. Valli. www.mg.co.za/article/2009-03-02-vallis-tender-moments XUMUMU March 2
[24] www.mg.co.za/โฆ/2009-09-16-unions-eskom-ceo-267-salary-hike-disgusting XNUMTI Septemba 16
[25] Carnie, T. Sour kulawa pa malonda a 'sweetheart' a Eskom. www.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=vn20100318073521496C224596 18th March 2010
[28] van der Walt, L. 2008. Mpikisano wa World Cup wa 2010, ndondomeko ya neo-liberal ndi kulimbana kwamagulu ku South Africa. Zabalza: Journal of Southern African Revolutionary Anarchism Ayi. 8 www.zabalaza.net
[30] van der Walt, L. 2005. Kuganiziranso za ubwino, kumanga gulu la ogwira ntchito. NALEDI Open Forum, 10 mpaka 11 November 2005 www.wits.ac.za/Academic/Humanities/SocialSciences/Sociology/Staff/VanderwaltL/
[31] Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front. Ndemanga ya ZACF pa Kumenyedwa kwa Cosatu, Vuto la Magetsi ndi Mitengo ya Chakudya ndi Mafuta. www.zabalaza.net 5th August 2008
[32] van der Walt, L. 2005. Kuganiziranso za ubwino, kumanga gulu la ogwira ntchito. NALEDI Open Forum, 10 mpaka 11 November 2005www.wits.ac.za/Academic/Humanities/SocialSciences/Sociology/Staff/VanderwaltL/
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