Congress yalankhula pankhani ya bajeti ya Pentagon ya chaka chamawa ndipo zotsatira zake, ngati sizinali zogwirizana ndi machitidwe akale, ziyenera kutidabwitsa tonse. Nyumba ya Oyimilira idavotera kuwonjezera $ Biliyoni 37 ndi Senate $ Biliyoni 45 ku pempho laulamuliro la "chitetezo cha dziko," chodabwitsa chomwe chimaphatikizapo bajeti ya Pentagon ndikugwira ntchito pa zida za nyukiliya ku Dipatimenti ya Mphamvu. Ngati atakhazikitsidwa, ndalama za Senate zitha kupangitsa kuti ndalama zankhondo zikhale zosachepera $850 biliyoni pachaka, kwambiri - kusinthidwa chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo - kuposa kutalika kwa nkhondo zaku Korea kapena Vietnam kapena zaka zapamwamba za Cold War.
Ndalama zankhondo zaku US ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zakuthambo - kuposa zina mayiko asanu ndi anayi kuphatikiza. Nayi wowombera, ngakhale: Pentagon (malo omwe ali ndi sizinadutsepo kafukufuku wazachuma) safunsanso kuti ndalama zonse ziwonjezeke pachaka pazopempha zake ku Congress. M'malo mwake, Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Seneti zikupitilizabe kupereka mabiliyoni ambiri a madola pachaka. Ziribe kanthu kuti Mlembi wa Chitetezo Lloyd Austin ali adalankhula pagulu Pentagon ili ndi zonse zomwe ikufunika kuti "ipeze kuthekera ... kuti ithandizire malingaliro athu ogwirira ntchito" popanda ndalama zotere.
Zingakhale chinthu chimodzi ngati ndalama zowonjezera zoterezi zikanapangidwa motsatira njira yodzitetezera yomwe imaganiziridwa mosamala. Nthawi zambiri, zambiri zimapita ku zida zankhondo mabiliyoni ambiri zomwe zimamangidwa m'maboma kapena m'maboma a opanga malamulo akuluakulu kapena pazinthu zomwe zili pamndandanda wa Pentagon (wodziwika kuti "mndandanda wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe sizinalipiridwaโ). Sizikudziwika kuti zinthu ngati izi zitha bwanji kukhala "zotsogola" pomwe sanapangepo pempho lalikulu la bajeti la Pentagon.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuponya ndalama zochulukirapo ku dipatimenti yosatha kuyendetsa bajeti yake yokhayo zovuta zina kuthekera kwake kukwaniritsa zolinga zamapulogalamu ndi masiku operekera. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, izo kwenikweni zimasokoneza kukonzekera usilikali. Chilango chilichonse chochepa chandalama chomwe Pentagon yasokonekera pomwe opanga malamulo amawonjezera bajeti yake, ngakhale kusasamalidwa kochuluka kumabweretsa kuchulukirachulukira kwamitengo ndikuchedwa kubweretsa zida zankhondo zodula kwambiri (ndipo nthawi zina zosakhala bwino).
Mwachidule, nkhawa zachipongwe komanso ndale zokomera anthu mwapadera nthawi zonse zimasokoneza chilichonse chomwe chingachitike ngati chokomera dziko, pomwe sizimakondera chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha United States. Pomaliza pake, zambiri za ndalama zowonjezerazo ingoyang'anani mizere yamakampani akuluakulu a zida monga Lockheed Martin ndi Raytheon Technologies. Sizikuthandizira ma servicemembers athu, monga momwe othandizira mabungwe apamwamba a Pentagon amanenera nthawi zonse.
A Captured Congress
Otsogolera otsogolera akugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri za Pentagon, ma Democrat ndi ma Republican, nthawi zambiri amachitapo kanthu kuti athandizire makontrakitala akuluakulu m'malo awo. Woimira Jared Golden (D-ME), a wothandizira wothandizira pamalingaliro a House Armed Services Committee kuti awonjezere $ 37 biliyoni ku bajeti ya Pentagon, amaonetsetsa kuti atero. zinaphatikizapo ndalama za a $ 2 biliyoni yowononga zida zowongolera idzamangidwa pamalo osungiramo zombo za General Dynamics ku Bath, Maine.
Momwemonso, wothandizira naye, Woimira Elaine Luria (D-VA), yemwe chigawo chake abuts Huntington Ingalls Industries 'Newport News Shipyard, idalimbikitsa bwino kuti pakhale ndalama zokwanira zopangira zonyamulira ndege ndi kuwukira sitima zapamadzi pamalowo. Kapena lingalirani Woimira Mike Rogers (R-AL), yemwe ali paudindo waku Republican pa House Armed Services Committee komanso woyimira molimba mtima kuti awonjezere bajeti ya Pentagon pachaka. 3% kuti 5% pamwamba pa inflation. Amagwira ntchito kuchigawo chakumwera kwa Huntsville, Alabama, atchulidwa "rocket city" chifukwa ndi kwawo kwa makampani ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito zoteteza mizinga ndi ntchito zina.
Palinso ma congressional caucuses apadera omwe amangowonjezera ndalama za Pentagon kwinaku akuthana ndi zovuta ku zida zinazake. Izi zimachokera ku Nyumba zomangamanga ndi F-35 zikomo ku Senate ICBM Coalition. Mgwirizano umenewo wakhala makamaka ogwira posunga ndalama zogulira zida zam'tsogolo zam'mlengalenga zomwe zimatchedwa Sentinel panjira, pomwe zikulephera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma ICBM mu zida zankhondo zaku US. "Kupambana" koteroko kwabwera chifukwa cha chithandizo chamankhwala a maseneta ochokera ku Montana, North Dakota, Utah, ndi Wyoming, madera onse okhala ndi maziko a ICBM kapena okhudzidwa ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha ICBM ndi kukonza.
Khadi la ntchito ndiye chida champhamvu kwambiri chomwe chimapezeka kumakampani opanga zida zankhondo poyesetsa kuti Congress ipititse patsogolo ndalama za Pentagon, koma kutali ndi imodzi yokha. Kupatula apo, gawo lamafakitale la gulu lankhondo-mafakitale-makongleshoni linapereka zambiri kuposa $ Miliyoni 35 popereka kampeni kwa mamembala a Congress mu 2020, zambiri zimapita kwa iwo omwe ali m'makomiti omenyera zida ndi chitetezo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa bajeti ya Pentagon ndi zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Pakadali pano, mu zisankho za 2022, makampani opanga zida apereka kale $ 3.4 miliyoni kwa mamembala a House Armed Services Committee, malinga ndi a kusanthula by Tsegulani Secrets.org, bungwe lomwe limayang'anira ndalama zoyendetsera kampeni komanso mphamvu zandale. Mabungwe opanga zida amagwiritsanso ntchito pano pafupifupi 700 olimbikitsa anthu, opitilira m'modzi kwa membala aliyense wa Congress, pomwe akugwiritsa ntchito mamiliyoni owonjezera kuti athandizire akasinja oganiza bwino omwe amakankhira ndalama zambiri ku Pentagon komanso mfundo zakunja zakunja.
Makampani opanga zida zankhondo ali ndi njira inanso yoti akope nayo ikafika pankhani yazachuma cha opanga malamulo. Pali zochepa, ngati zilipo, zoletsa motsutsana ndi mamembala a Congress omwe ali ndi kapena kugulitsa masheya akampani yachitetezo, ngakhale omwe amakhala pamakomiti okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha dziko. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndizovomerezeka kwathunthu kuti akwatire zofuna zawo zachuma kwa omanga chitetezo.
Mtengo wa Coddling Contractors
Opanga malamulo amawonjezera ndalama za Pentagon mosasamala ngakhale pali umboni womveka umbombo wamakampani ndi kulephera mobwerezabwereza pankhani ya chitukuko cha zida zatsopano. Pazifukwa izi, siziyenera kudabwitsa kuti kutenga zida kuli paofesi ya Government Accountability Office "High Risk List," kupatsidwa chiwopsezo chawo chokhazikika pakuwononga ndi kusamalidwa bwino. M'malo mwake, kuchulukitsa ndalama ku dipatimenti yomwe ikuvutikira kale kumangothandizira kupanga zinthu zopanda pake. Amalola Pentagon kuthandizira mapulogalamu asanayesedwe bwino ndi kuunika.
M'malo molimbitsa chitetezo cha dziko, opanga malamulo oterowo amangolimbitsa umbombo wa anthu opanga zida zankhondo. Pochita izi, amaonetsetsa kuti masoka opezeka m'tsogolo adzapezeka. M'malo mwake, ndalama zambiri zomwe Congress zikuwonjezera ku bajeti ya Pentagon zidzawonongeka pakukweza mitengo, kukwera mtengo, ndi chinyengo chenicheni. Mlandu wodziwika bwino kwambiri waposachedwa ndi wa TransDigm Group, yomwe idalipira boma mpaka 3,850% kwa gawo lopuma la chida chimodzi cha zida ndi nthawi 10 mpaka 100 zochulukirapo kwa ena.
Zotayika zonse: osachepera $ Miliyoni 20.8. Ndipo ziwerengerozo zidatengera zitsanzo chabe za zaka ziwiri ndi theka zakugulitsa kwa kampaniyo ku boma, komanso sikunali koyamba kuti TransDigm ikhale. kugwidwa ndi kukwera mtengo Pentagon. Zochita zotere zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizofanana ndi makontrakitala ambiri achitetezo. Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa zolipiritsa zotere mosakayikira kungafikire mabiliyoni a madola pachaka.
Ndiye pali zida zankhondo ngati ndege zankhondo za Lockheed Martin's F-35 komanso Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) yakampani yomweyo. Onsewa ndi mapologalamu okwera mtengo omwe atsimikizira kuti sangathe kukwaniritsa ntchito zomwe apatsidwa. F-35 ikuyenera kuwononga wokhometsa msonkho waku America modabwitsa $ 1.7 zankhaninkhani, m'moyo wake wonse, ndikupangitsa kukhala pulogalamu yodula kwambiri ya zida zamtundu umodzi. Ngakhale pali zovuta ndi magwiridwe antchito a injini, kukonza, ndi kuthekera koyambira kolimbana, onse awiri House ndi Senate adawonjezeranso zambiri kuposa zomwe Pentagon idapempha ku mapulani awo aposachedwa. Wapampando wa komiti ya House Armed Services Adam Smith (D-WA) ananena motchuka kuti anali atatopa ndi "kuponya ndalama pansi pa dzenje la makoswe," koma adatsutsa kuti pulogalamu ya F-35 inali kutali kwambiri kuti aletse. Kupirira kwake, kwenikweni, kwakakamiza Pentagon kutero yambitsaninso mizere yakale yopangira zida zankhondo ngati F-15, yomwe idapangidwa m'ma 1970s, kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Ngati US ikakakamizika kugula zida zankhondo zakale, kudula F-35 kungapulumutse nthawi yomweyo. $ Biliyoni 200 mu ndalama zogulira zinthu.
Pakadali pano, LCS, a chombo popanda ntchito zomwe sizingathe kudziteteza kunkhondo, komabe zikupitilizabe kutetezedwa ndi oyimira ngati Woimira Joe Courtney (D-CT), wapampando a bungwe la Housebuilding shipbuilding. The Nyumba yomaliza ndi Mabilu ovomerezeka a Senate idalepheretsa Asitikali ankhondo kusiya ntchito zisanu mwa ma LCS asanu ndi anayi omwe ntchitoyo idayembekeza kuyimitsa ntchito chifukwa ingakhale yopanda ntchito polimbana ndi China (mkangano womwe uyenera kupewedwa mulimonse, chifukwa cha zotsatira zowononga za nkhondo pakati pa mayiko awiri okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya).
Ndiye sizodabwitsa kuti gawo lalikulu la madola mabiliyoni ambiri omwe Congress ikuwonjezera bajeti yaposachedwa ya Pentagon idzapindulitsa mwachindunji opanga zida zazikulu zowononga asitikali. M'mawonekedwe a Nyumba ya ndalama zowonongera usilikali, $ Biliyoni 25 - zoposa magawo awiri pa atatu a ndalama zake zowonjezera - zimayikidwa kuti zigule zida ndi kufufuza zomwe zingapindule makamaka opanga zida zankhondo.
Only $ Biliyoni 1 Ndalamazo zidzaperekedwa kuthandiza asilikali ndi mabanja awo, monga momwe ambiri a iwo amavutikira kupeza nyumba zotsika mtengo kapena kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Pamenepo, imodzi mwa zisanu ndi chimodzi mabanja ankhondo tsopano alibe chakudya, zomwe zikuwonetsa zomvetsa chisoni zomwe Pentagon imayika patsogolo.
Pazonse, opanga zida zisanu zapamwamba - Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, Boeing, General Dynamics, ndi Northrop Grumman - adagawanika kuposa. $ Biliyoni 200 mu "chitetezo" ndalama m'chaka chatha chandalama, makamaka kuchokera ku Pentagon komanso kuchokera ku malonda opindulitsa a zida zakunja. Malingaliro atsopano a bajeti adzangowonjezera ziwerengero zomwe zadabwitsa kale.
Kukankhira Mmbuyo pa Dyera la Kontrakitala
Congress yawonetsa chidwi chochepa chodzipatula mwanjira iliyonse kuchokera ku zomwe zimadziwikabe kuti "bizinesi yachitetezo." Komabe, pali njira yodziwikiratu yochitira zimenezi, ngati oimira anthuwo atagwirizana ndikuyamba kubwezera mmbuyo umbombo wa opanga zida.
Opanga malamulo ena ayamba kusuntha kupewa kukwera mtengo kwinaku mukukonza njira zogulira zida. Komiti ya Senate Armed Services, mwachitsanzo, idaphatikizidwa mtundu wake ya bajeti yachitetezo ndi gawo lokhazikitsa pulogalamu yomwe ingalimbikitse magwiridwe antchito a kontrakitala kudzera muzolimbikitsa zachuma. Cholinga chake ndikupangitsa Pentagon kukhala wogula mwanzeru pothana ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu: kuchedwa kubweretsa komanso kuchulukira kwamitengo, makamaka ndi makampani omwe amalipira mitengo yapamwamba pamisika kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zawo. Zingachepetsenso kuthekera kwa makontrakitala kuti azilipiritsa mochulukira pazowonjezera zina ndi zida.
Pulogalamu kuti mupewe zina kukwera mtengo ili ndi njira zingapo zopita ku desiki la Purezidenti Biden. Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) ndi Woimira John Garamendi (D-CA) adaphatikizanso mu bicameral. Lekani Mtengo Kukweza Nkhondo Yankhondo, lingaliro lofuna kuteteza Pentagon ku chiwongola dzanja chambiri. Biliyo ikanatero kutseka zopinga m'malamulo omwe alipo omwe amalola makampani kuti awononge kwamuyaya Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo.
Mwachiwonekere pali zopinga zambiri panjira yochotsa zokonda zandalama ku mfundo zachitetezo, koma kupanga chilimbikitso chothandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito a makontrakitala ndi kuwonekera, kungakhale gawo loyamba lofunikira. Zingathenso kulimbikitsa chidwi cha anthu pakupanga mfundo zotere.
Malingaliro a kampani Secrecy, Inc.
Izi ndi zomvetsa chisoni za boma lachitetezo cha dziko: ife okhoma msonkho tidumphadumpha pafupifupi madola thililiyoni ndi theka chaka chino pakugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha dziko koma njira yopangira mfundo zomwe zimachokera kuzinthu zotere sizikhalabe m'manja mwathu. Komiti ya Senate Armed Services nthawi zambiri imakambirana ndikukambirana za National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) kuseri kwa zitseko zotseka. Kumvetsera kwa makomiti ang'onoang'ono otsegulidwa kwa anthu nthawi zambiri kumakhala komaliza - ndipo inde, uku sikulakwa! - kuposa mphindi 15. Mwachilengedwe, Nyumba ndi Senate idzayanjanitsanso kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa matembenuzidwe awo mwachinsinsi, nawonso. M'mawu ena, palibe kuwonekera pang'ono pankhani ya cheke chomwe oyimira athu amalembera kutiteteza chaka chilichonse.
N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti dongosolo loterolo limalola opanga malamulo, omwe ambiri a iwo sungani ndalama m'makampani achitetezo, kuti akambirane za ndalama za Pentagon ndi zinthu zina zachitetezo cha dziko popanda kuyikapo malingaliro a anthu. Ku Pentagon, kwenikweni, chidziwitso chofunikira sichimangosungidwa mwachinsinsi; ndi mwachangu kuponderezedwa ndipo zinthu zangoipiraipira mโkupita kwa zaka.
Nachi chitsanzo chimodzi chokha cha ndondomekoyi: mu Januware 2022, Ofesi yawo ya Director of Operational Test & Evaluation idapereka lipoti la pachaka pa mtengo wa zida ndi magwiridwe antchito. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu zoposa zaka 30, komabe, sichinaphatikizepo pafupifupi zidziwitso zonse zofunika kuti muwunikire njira yogulira zida za Pentagon. Pokonzanso zambiri zamapulogalamu akuluakulu a 22 ogula, wotsogolera adagawana zomwe adagawana nthawi zonse ngati zasankhidwa. Poganizira mbiri yakale ya Pentagon ikafika pakubweza ndalama mopitilira muyeso komanso zida zoyeserera, ndizosavuta kulingalira chifukwa chake akuluakulu ake angagwire ntchito molimbika kuti asunge zidziwitso zosadziwika.
Kubera okhometsa msonkho kwakhala njira yamoyo yachitetezo cha dziko. Tikuyenera kukhala ndi ndondomeko zowonekera bwino, za demokalase. Akuluakulu athu osankhidwa ali ndi ngongole us kukhulupilika kwawo, osati zimphona zamafakitale achitetezo omwe amathandizira kwambiri pa kampeni pomwe akukulitsa masheya a opanga malamulo.
Kodi ino si nthawi yoti tithe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zopanda malire ku Washington pachitetezo cha dziko?
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