Nthawi ya 2003-2006 idadutsa ena mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino mu nyimbo za pop. Ndi Mwezi wa Mbiri Yakuda, kotero ndikoyenera kukumbukira apainiya amphamvu Akuda ndi omwe amapanga blues/soul/R&B omwe adatisiya mwathupi, koma osati mwauzimu kapena mwaluso: Ray Charles, Hank Ballard, Lou Rawls, Wilson Pickett, Little Milton. , Clarence 'Gatemouth' Brown, Floyd Dixon, Ruth Brown, Willie Kent, King Floyd, ndi 'Godfather of Soul,' James Brown. Koma awiri omwe adapangadi oyera mtima adatisiyanso: Woyambitsa Sun Records Sam Phillips ndi Johnny Cash.1 Ma Promethean awa ali m'gulu la anthu omwe Hegel anawatcha 'odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.' Ngakhale kuti ife, amoyo, tikuchepa chifukwa cha kupita kwawo, timalemeretsedwa ndi zolengedwa zomwe adatipatsa monga miyala yomangira kuti tipititse patsogolo chikhalidwe chaufulu weniweni.
Ndiyamba ndikukambirana kaye za Sam Phillips ndi Johnny Cash. Sam Phillips, woyambitsa mbiri ya 1950s Sun Records, anali, ndithudi, woyamba kulemba Elvis Presley, koma iye ndi wodziwika kwambiri kuposa izo. Analinso woyamba kujambula Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash, ndi gulu la achinyamata ena a rockabilly and rock 'n' roll masters, ndipo anali ndi maganizo oti angosiya nyimbo zaphokoso za anthu osaphunzitsidwawa. Anyamata achizungu akummwera okha ndi kuwalola kuti aziimba nyimbo momwe amamvera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Dzuwa lidatulutsa zolemba zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zidatuluka mu Rock 'n' Roll Era, komanso chifukwa chake situdiyo yake yotchuka yojambulira ku Memphis, Tennessee ili mwachilungamo pa Register of Historical Places. Mutchuleni kuti ndi wabizinesi wa capitalist muzaka za Eisenhower-era 1950s - Sam Phillips adayimilira ndi opanga nyimbo ena odziyimira pawokha omwe anali ndi nzeru zokana 'kuwongolera' mwala womwe utangotuluka kumene ndipo R&B imamveka kuti sinakhalepo kuti awapangitse kukhala ochulukirapo. 'zokoma,' ngakhale kuti makolo ndi anthu ena otsutsa ankazinyoza ndi kuzinena kuti 'nyimbo zovunda' ndi 'nyimbo za m'nkhalango.' Kwa nyimboyi, ngakhale mosagwirizana bwanji kapena mosagwirizana bwanji, idayambitsa kusintha kwachikhalidwe komwe kungapangitse oimba nyimbo "za serious" kukhala zotheka ndi kuwapatsa ulemu wa 'ojambula.' Kwa ine, kuyambira pomwe ndidagwetsedwa ndi a Jerry Lee Lewis a 'Great Balls of Fire' kupyola masiku anga achichepere aku koleji ku New Left mpaka tsopano zaka zopitilira XNUMX zachikoka chasosholisti, kugwedezeka uku ndi kugunda kwagalimoto kunandilimbikitsa kupanduka. , monga momwe zinachitira ndi ena ambiri a mbadwo wanga. Monga momwe kuwerenga Marx ndi Malcolm X kunalimbikitsa kutengeka kwathu pazandale, momwemonso rock 'n' roll, ndipo pambuyo pake rock and soul, zimalimbikitsa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe chathu. Pazimenezi zokha, Sam Phillips anali wosintha zinthu mosayembekezereka, yemwe adazindikira koma osazindikira kuti nyali yoyaka idagwira m'manja mwake.
Ndipo monga Sam Phillips anali wochulukirapo kuposa munthu yemwe adapeza Elvis, momwemonso Johnny Cash anali woposa woyimba wina wanyimbo. M'malo mwake, The Man in Black inadutsa 'dziko lamba' kuti lipereke mawu oimba ku chidziwitso chachikulu, monga mmodzi mwa oimba ochepa a 'pop' kuti azisewera zikondwerero zamtundu nthawi zonse; kuyankhula motsutsa zomwe zinapeza njira yopita ku mawayilesi apawailesi a pop, mu nyimbo monga 'The Ballad of Ira Hayes;' ndikupereka kuzindikira koyambirira pa pulogalamu yake yapa TV kwa a Young Turks a 1960s ndi 1970s rock. Munthu wodekha, womasuka uyu analinso woyamba kuzindikira luso lolemba la Kris Kristofferson ndipo adalemba nyimbo yotsimikizika ya imodzi mwa nyimbo za Kristofferson, 'Sunday Morning Coming Down.' Analinso wotsutsa nkhondo zonse za Vietnam ndi Iraq.
Chiwopsezo china chosagwirizana ndi nthawiyi chinali mbuye wa R&B Hank Ballard. Ndidalemba zotsatirazi mu Diso la Indianapolis za bambo wazaka za m'ma 1950 ndi 1960s R&B:
Ballard amadziwika bwino ngati wolemba The Twist, yemwe adapanga nyenyezi ya Chubby Checker ndikuyambitsa chidwi chachikulu chovina koyambirira kwa 1960s. Ballard ndi Midnighters adajambulitsanso The Twist, ndipo mtundu wake udali wopikisana ndi Checker's wolamulira ma chart mpaka mphunzitsi wamkulu wa American Bandstand Dick Clark adavomera mtundu wa Chubby Checker woyeretsedwa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti nyimbo za Ballard ndizopambana mwaluso, mwachiwonekere zinali za R&B (werengani: Wakuda kwambiri) kwa munthu yemwe adapanga ntchito yotsimikizira makolo a Wally Cleaver kuti zinali bwino kuti achinyamata achizungu, apakati, aku America azikonda rock ' n roll; kuti sizinali chabe nyimbo za ana achifwamba, Opanduka Popanda Chifukwa sagwirizana; ndipo koposa zonse, anthu aku America aku Africa. . . Ballard adalumikizana ndi Midnighters yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, ndipo gululo lidakopa chidwi cha dziko ndikukwiya mu 1954 ndi awo. #1 Nyimbo ya R&B, Work With Me Annie, imodzi mwamawu oyambilira owonetsa kugonana kopitilira muyeso kuti apange pop splash. 1954 inali nthawi yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya rock 'n' roll, ndi kutulutsidwa kwa nyimbo zina zoyendetsa galimoto, up-tempo ndi mawu a tell-it-like-it-is. Nyimbo monga Joe Turner's Shake, Rattle and Roll,' ndi Muddy Waters', Hoochie Coochie Man, zomwe zinali zotchuka ndi achinyamata akuda ndi oyera, kupanga zoyambira zofunika kugwedeza. Nyimbo zoterozo zinkanyozedwa monga โnyimbo za mโnkhalango,โ ndipo anadzudzula katswiri wanyimbo amene analemba mโbuku la Encyclopedia Britannicaโs Book of the Year kuti: ndi phokoso lalikulu kwambiri, lopikisana mwadala ndi malingaliro aluso a nkhalango momwemo.'
Sam Phillips, Johnny Cash, ndi Hank Ballard ndi osintha chikhalidwe cha zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zomwe zinali 1905 mpaka 1917 m'mbiri ya Russia. Monga John Lennon ananenera, 'Pamaso pa Elvis panalibe kanthu.'
Lou Rawls ndi Wilson Pickett, monga James Brown ndi Ray Charles, aima, ndiye, pakati pa ma Prometheans a chikhalidwe Petrograd mu 1917. Iwo anathandiza kupanga nyimbo za 1960s ndi 1970s, aliyense kupanga zosiyanasiyana za Soul Music mwapadera kwambiri. njira. Ndinalemba mu msonkho wanga kwa Rawls ndi Pickett: 'nthawi zonse amawonetsa mwachibadwa, momveka bwino, kotero kuti nthawi zina sangafotokozedwe koma zodziwikiratu' mumadziwa pamene kulipo!' chinthu chotchedwa mzimu. Kupyolera mโnjira zawo zanyimbo zosiyana kwambiri, aliyense angatulutse mzimu wodabwitsa umenewu, kuupanga kukhala weniweni mโnyimbo zosakayikitsa kwambiri, nyimbo zimene palibe kuganiza kuti zingatulukire mwanjira imeneyi.โ
Lou Rawls, ndithudi, ankadziwika chifukwa cha luso la urbane lomwe adayika mu nyimbo zoimba za blues-jazz monga 'Chikondi Ndi Chinthu Chopweteka' ndi 'Simudzapeza Chikondi Wina Monga Changa' komanso pobwezera anthu aku Africa America kuti. adamulera kudzera mukuchita nawo telethoni ya 'An Evening with the Stars' m'malo mwa United Negro College Fund, yomwe idakweza ndalama zokwana $200 miliyoni zamakoleji akuda. Moyo wa Wilson Pickett unali wamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo unkadutsa pa 'Mustang Sally' kuti uphatikize nyimbo 49 za nyimbo za R & B zomwe zinagunda ma chart ndi 38 pa ma chart a nyimbo za pop, kupanga nyimbo zosaiลตalika za soul, zakale monga 'In the Ola lapakati pausiku,' 'Musalole Green Grass Kukupusitseni,' ndi 'Funky Broadway,' komanso chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha moyo osati cha Beatles chokha' 'Hey Jude' komanso ngakhale a Archies' bubblegum adagunda 'Shuga, Shuga'!
James Brown, 'Godfather of Soul,' ndi Ray Charles, 'The Genius,' amaima m'kalasi mwaokha. Amatanthauzira nyimbo za rock ndi soul, ndikuyika sitampu yawo panyimbo zawo mosaiลตalika kotero kuti ndi ochepa omwe amayesa kuzitengera. M'nyimbo monga 'Poppa's Got a Brand New Bag' ndi 'Sex Machine,' James Brown adapanganso gawo la lipenga, akuligwiritsa ntchito mu gulu lake, The Fabulous Flames, ngati nyimbo yosangalatsa komanso yoyimba. Ngakhale adavomereza Black Capitalism ndikuthandiza Nixon kukhala Purezidenti, adapereka liwu loyimba ku Civil Rights Movement, makamaka ngati mawu ake ankhanza, omveka akufuula, 'Nenani mokweza! Ndine Wakuda ndipo ndimanyadira!' Ray Charles adalankhulanso zomwezo mu ntchito yake ndipo adadzipeza ataletsedwa ku Georgia m'ma 1960 chifukwa chokana kusewera m'malo opatukana. Mu nyimbo, Ray Charles amadziwika kuti ndi wojambula yemwe poyamba analowetsa uthenga wabwino mu 'nyimbo za mdierekezi,' nyimbo za blues, monga 'Ndili ndi Mkazi' ndi 'Hallelujah, I Love Her So.' Koma luso lake lanyimbo silingathe kungokhala pamtundu umodzi kapena awiri, ndipo adasiya siginecha yake yosasinthika pa blues, soul, ndi R&B, komanso jazi komanso dziko! James Brown ndi Ray Charles adadzetsa kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi kwa nyimbo za pop zaku America zaku America ndipo zidapangitsa kuti pakhale nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Wojambula wina waku America wa R&B waku America yemwe chikoka chake padziko lonse lapansi chiyenera kukumbukiridwa ndi King Floyd, Mfumu yeniyeni ya mzimu wa New Orleans. Anthu ogula nyimbo za ku Caribbean anamvera nyimbo yake yoyamba, yotchedwa 'Groove Me,' ndipo inachititsa kuti nyimbo ya reggae ikhale yomveka bwino. King Floyd anali wotchuka kwambiri ku Jamaica ndipo adayendera komweko ndi oyambitsa apainiya awiri a reggae, Peter Tosh ndi Bob Marley.
Ojambula ena odziwika omwe adadutsa posachedwa koma adasiya mbiri yosakhoza kufa - Little Milton, Clarence 'Gatemouth' Brown, Ruth Brown, Floyd Dixon, ndi Willie Kent - amalumikizidwa ndi ma blues m'malo mwa R&B. Ndizomveka kunena kuti palibe mmodzi wa iwo amene amadziwika bwino monga ma greats omwe takambirana pamwambapa, komabe iwo anali opanda mafilimu otchuka pa ma chart a R & B. Ruth Brown anali woimba wodziwika bwino wa blues / R & B m'zaka za m'ma 1950 ndipo adagonjetsa nyimbo monga 'Oh What a Dream' ndi 'Amayi, Amachitira Mwana Wanu Wamkazi.' Clarence 'Gatemouth' Brown adapezanso zazikulu pazithunzi za R & B m'zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi nyimbo monga 'Okie Dokie Stomp.' Anapitirizabe mpaka imfa yawo ngati nyumba zoimba nyimbo, kujambula ndi kusewera mpaka m'ma 1980, m'ma 1990, ndi kupitirira. Milton wamng'ono adachita chidwi kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi nyimbo yake ya blues yomwe adadzilemba yekha, 'The Blues Is Alright,' yomwe tsopano yakhala muyeso wa blues womwe ndi wovuta kuti gulu la blues lidziwe. Little Milton adakhalanso ndi nyimbo zina zambiri kuyambira m'ma 1960 mpaka mtsogolo, nyimbo zomwe zidadzipanganso mu repertoire yamasiku ano: 'Tipanga,' 'Grits Ain't Groceries,' 'Annie. Mae's Cafรฉ,' 'Galu Wanga ndi Ine,' 'Little Bluebird' ndi 'Walkin' the Backstreets and Cryin '.' Adasankhidwa kukhala Grammy pa CD yake ya 2001, Welcome to Little Milton, ndipo adawonedwa ngati woyimba gitala ngati BB King. Floyd Dixon, 'Mr. Magnificent,' anali woyimba piyano wolimba nkhonya / woimba komanso woyimba wa West Coast blues/R&B, yemwe nyimbo yake, 'Hey Bartender,' idakhala gawo losaina la gulu la Blues Brothers'.
Odziwika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri pakati pawo ndi Chicago bassist/mtsogoleri wa gulu Willie Kent, yemwe anali atangoyamba kumene kuzindikirika ngati blues powerhouse yemwe anali atatsala pang'ono kumwalira. Moyo wa Willie Kent ndi mawu aiwisi, okhudza mtima kwambiri akuwonetseratu zovuta za anthu a ku Africa America, kuwonetsera momveka bwino zomwe woimba wa ku Africa wa m'ma 1950 Al Hibbler adatcha tanthawuzo la blues: 'kudziwa chomwe chiwonongeko chaukapolo.' Kent anaimbidwa mlandu wolakwa ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zitatu ndipo anakhala miyezi khumi ndi isanu ndi itatu pa famu ya ndende ku Mississippi. Adasamukira ku Chicago ali wachinyamata m'ma 1950s ndipo adasewera ndi pafupifupi ma Chicago blues odziwika bwino pantchito yake yazaka makumi atatu. M'zaka zake zomaliza, ankakonda kucheza ndi woimba Bonnie Lee, woimba gitala Johnny B. Moore, ndi azeze Lester 'Mad Dog' Davenport ndi Billy Branch. Cholowa chake chikuphatikiza ma CD anayi pagulu lodziwika bwino la blues ndi jazi, Delmark Records. Zolemba za Lois Ulrey ku imodzi mwa ma CD awa, otchedwa Too Hurt to Cry, moyenerera akufotokoza mwachidule Willie Kent, blues, ndi African American experience: 'The blues ndi gawo lina la magazi ake ndi mafuta a mafupa ake. Iye amadziwa . . . chisangalalo chokoma cha kumasulidwa popereka zonse zomwe ali nazo ndi zonse zomwe ali nazo. . . . Poyang'anizana ndi ululu ndikuyang'ana pansi ndikupeza mtendere, akupitiriza kuimba ndi kusewera blues.'
Willie Kent, Ruth Brown, Little Milton, Floyd Jones, King Floyd, Lou Rawls, Wilson Pickett, Ray Charles, James Brown, Sam Phillips, Johnny Cash. Osakhoza kufa onse, osakhoza kufa ndithu! Koma kodi timamvetsa bwino lomwe tanthauzo lake kwa ife?
Pakuti iwo ndi athu. Nyimbo zawo ndi zathu. Yakhala gawo lathu, gawo la anthu ogwira ntchito kulikonse. Ma repertoires awo ndi ma repertoire athu, mawu awo mawu athu. Nyimbo za pop, ngakhale zili zovuta komanso zonyansa, zilinso mawu enieni a anthu, chilichonse ndi cholowa chathu monga 'Solidarity Forever' ndi 'This Land Is Your Land.'
Willie Kent, Ruth Brown, Little Milton, Floyd Jones, King Floyd, Lou Rawls, Wilson Pickett, Ray Charles, James Brown, Sam Phillips, Johnny Cash. Iwonso ndi olemba ndakatulo a anthu, nawonso amalankhula za ziyembekezo zathu zazikulu ndi zokhumba zathu zabwino kwambiri. Ndipo chilichonse chomwe chili choyenera kuphunzira ndi kuyamikiridwa kwathu monga Karl Marx ndi WEB DuBois, Che Guevara ndi Rosa Luxemburg. Momwe timafunikira ma VI Lenin athu, timafunikira ma John Lennons athu, komanso mofunikira!
1 Ndakhala ndi mwayi wofalitsa zolemba zakufa zomwe zimaganiziridwa bwino za ena mwa ojambulawa. Mu nyuzipepala yapaintaneti yomwe yatha tsopano ya Indianapolis Eye (webusaiti yomwe ilipobe, www.indianapoliseye.com), ndinasindikiza buku lakuti โHank Ballard: An Appreciation,โ pa March 10, 2003; 'Rock 'n' roll Pioneer Sam Phillips: In Memoriam,' pa August 4, 2003, yomwe inasindikizidwanso kumanzere kawiri pamwezi Against the Current (January/February 2004); ndi 'Johnny Cash: The Man in Black Leaves a Legacy of Gold,' pa September 15, 2003. Ndinafalitsanso mbiri ya imfa ya Ray Charles, 'Hallelujah, We Just Loved Him So,' mu September-October, 2004 Solidarity News. ; nkhani yapawiri ya imfa ya Little Milton ndi Clarence 'Gatemouth' Brown mu November/December 2005 ya Against the Current, โThe Sky Is Crying,โ Koma . . . 'The Blues Is Alright', ndi ina pa Lou Rawls ndi Wilson Pickett, 'Giants and Immortal Legacies,' komanso Against the Current, May/June 2006.
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George Fish ndi womenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe wanthawi yayitali komanso membala wapano wa Solidarity, yemwe zolemba zake zidawonekera m'mabuku angapo akumanzere / asocialist. Zambiri mwazolemba za Fish zikupezeka pa www.frogmajikmusic.com/Georgefishhome.html. Akhoza kulumikizidwa pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa].
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