Mazana a omenyera ufulu ochokera m'malo osiyanasiyana ndi madera osiyanasiyana a kusintha kwa Bolivarian adasonkhana pa 23, 24 ndi 25 ya February ndi cholinga chimodzi chotenga njira yamagulu monga yomwe imatitsogolera ku zomanga za socialism.
Msonkhano wa El Maizal [m'matauni a Simon Plana, m'boma la Lara] ndiwo unali malo oyambira msonkhanowu mogwirizana ndi gulu lonse la a Simon Planas, lomwe pano likumenyera zisankho za Angel Prado, membala wa gulu lathu yemwe adapambana. pazisankho zomaliza zamatauni [mu Disembala 2017].
Msonkhanowo sunali chabe chisonyezero cha mgwirizano komanso kusinthana kwa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za anthu ammudzi zomwe zimalimbana ndi zolinga zofanana ndi machitidwe omwewo. Zinalola mkangano wa momwe timaganizira kuti ndizotheka kupitiliza njira iyi munthawi yamavuto omwe alipo, pomwe mdani wamkulu amabisalira kuposa kale komanso pamene ndondomeko ya ma communes sikuwoneka ngati mzere wogwirizana kuchokera ku [panopa. ] Boma la Bolivarian.
Pa El Maizal ndi kumanga hegemony
March 5 ali pa ife, tsiku lofunika kwa mamiliyoni ambiri ku Venezuela ndi kupitirira apo, pamene tinataya kukhalapo kwa Mtsogoleri Chรกvez, kusakhalapo komwe kumativutitsabe ndipo kumasiya kukoma koipa mkamwa mwathu. Koma [kulibe] komwe kumatithandizanso kuzindikira zovuta ndikuchita khama kusanthula zopereka za Chรกvez ndi kufunikira kwake lero.
Tsiku lomweli mu 2009 likunena za chochitika china, pomwe Mtsogoleri mu pulogalamu yake ya TV ya 'Alo Presidente' adalankhula kuchokera kudera lomwe adalandidwanso pakati pa mayiko a Lara ndi Portuguesa. Mโchigawo chino, Pulezidenti anatisonyeza kuti anatha kugwirizana ndi anthu ake polimbana ndi madera akuluakulu komanso madera osabereka. Mโchaka cha 2009 izi zinali ndondomeko zomwe boma likadali nalo. Komabe, panthaลตiyo nkhani zoterozo zinali zogwirizana ndi nkhani ina yandale imene inalimbikitsa gulu la anthu kulimbikitsa kudzilamulira kotchuka: ma communes a Socialist.
Mzinda wa El Maizal watsala pang'ono kukwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Inabadwa kuchokera ku mgwirizano womwewo pakati pa Chรกvez ndi opanga odzichepetsa omwe adakweza mbendera za ndondomeko ya Bolivarian kuyambira nthawi yoyamba. Zambiri zachitika m'zaka zino m'dziko lino, kotero kuti tinganene kuti commune yakhala umboni woonekeratu kuti wager yopereka njira zopangira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchito ndi bungwe, omwenso asankha kudzikundikira mphamvu zachitukuko chawo chonse monga njira yawo, ndi njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo ku Socialism ku Venezuela.
Kuthekera kwa El Maizal kwapangitsa kuti pakhale maziko azinthu zamayanjano osiyanasiyana komanso zovuta zokhudzana ndi kubwezeretsanso madera ndi madera osabereka. Malo oterowo omwe ali pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka midzi ndi kutsegulidwa kwa anthu adayikidwa pa ntchito ya anthu, ndipo tikhoza kunena kuti mphamvu yogawa chakudya cha commune yakhala yofunika kwambiri pochepetsa pang'ono zovuta zina zomwe nkhondo yachuma, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi adani. za kuwukira kwa anthu.
Mahekitala oposa 1,100 omwe anafesedwa ndi chimanga chaka chatha ndi dera la El Maizal adagulitsidwa kwambiri ku dziko la Venezuela, koma gawo lofunikira linagawidwanso m'misika yachindunji.
Momwemonso, m'mwezi wa Disembala, nyama yopitilira 12,500 kg, tchizi wokwana 1,000 kg, komanso khofi, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana zidagawidwa, zomwe zidapindulitsa anthu osachepera 80 makhonsolo ammudzi omwe ali ndi anthu osakwana 30,000. okhalamo. Kutsatira chivomerezo choyambirira chochokera ku Nyumba Yamalamulo Yachigawo, zonse zomwe zidapangidwa kuchokera ku malonda (pambuyo pa kubweza ndalama) zimaperekedwa kuzinthu zamabizinesi m'malo ndi ma projekiti osiyanasiyana. Masukulu awiri amangidwa, kukonza kwanthawi zonse kwachitika ku chipatala cha municipalities, ndipo misewu yaulimi yabwezeretsedwa, kuti apereke zitsanzo zochepa.
Ndi kupezeka kwamphamvu mu tauni ya Simรณn Planas komanso popeza ndife oyamba kukhazikitsidwa m'tauniyi, chitukuko cha bungwe la El Maizal chathandizira kuti ma communes ena apitirire kuchuluka kwa makhonsolo 22 omwe amapanga akale.
Tatsogolera njira yopangira ma communes ena asanu ndi atatu omwe amakhudza madera osati m'boma la Lara komanso m'boma la Portuguesa, monganso El Maizal, komanso m'boma la Yaracuy. Kugwirizana kwa mizinda inayi kwakula molingana ndi mbiri ndi malo, kugonjetsa kugawikana kwachikhalidwe chandale. Chifukwa cha izi, lero tikukweza nkhani ya Communal Federation ndi galimoto yake yazaulimi/zakudya, zomwe ndizomwe kupangidwa kwa Mizinda iwiri ya Communal kudapangidwira (1).
Pamapeto pake, ichi ndi chitsanzo cha boma lodzilamulira lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zenizeni zolamulira pamaziko a mphamvu zomwe commune ikukula yokha: kusonkhanitsa mphamvu kwa commune kumatanthauza kuti pomanga hegemony tikhoza kupita patsogolo ndikukhala m'malo onse ofunikira kuti tipitirize kupita patsogolo. .
Ichi ndichifukwa chake dzina la Angel Prado lidasankhidwa kukhala woyimira dera ndi a Simรณn Planas municipality kupita ku National Constituent Assembly (ANC). Prado ndi membala wa komiti ya El Maizal komanso m'modzi mwa olankhulira Nyumba Yamalamulo yawo, atapambana ndi mavoti opitilira 80% pazisankho za ANC pa Julayi 30. Iye akuyimira kuwonetsetsa kwamphamvu kwa kuyesayesa komwe kumapitirira malire a chigawo chokhazikitsidwa.
Kuti tikwaniritse chipambanochi, mamembala a ma communes a municipality adapanga dongosolo lomwe limatsimikizira kupezeka kwawo m'malo onse ovotera. Anthu ammudzi omwewo adadzikonzekeretsa kuti awonetsetse kuti mavoti ambiri [ofunikira] kuti apambanenso pazisankho za nduna za pa 15 October. Chifukwa chake, zinali zomveka kuti gulu la madera litapempha Prado yomweyo kuti ayime pa zisankho za ameya pa Disembala 10, chipambano chathu chinali chotsimikizika.
Chifukwa chake chitukuko cha "chatsopano" chinali ndi chithandizo chokwanira chodziwika chomwe chinapangitsa kuti azitha kuganiza zamphamvu zomwe zakhala mdani wa commune. Kugwiritsa ntchito kufunsana kodziwika bwino kuti athetse njira ya otsutsa yakhala njira yodziwika bwino m'zaka zino zachisinthiko, koma pakadali pano wotsutsa adakhala zida zandale zomwe zimatsogolera boma losintha.
Pa Novembara 1, tsiku lomwe ofuna kulembetsa adalembetsa, a United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) adatiuza kuti sizigwirizana ndi Angel Prado, ndipo mogwirizana ndi chigamulo cha msonkhano wotchuka adaganiza zomulembetsa patsamba lathu. kuyesayesa kwanu, motero kuyambitsa kulimbana kwanthaลตi yaitali kumene kukuchitikabe mpaka lero.
Zopinga zikwi zambiri zagonjetsedwa kuti tifike ku zisankho, zomwe tidapambana ndi 57.45% ya mavoti, kutanthauza kuti Prado iyenera kukhala yovomerezeka ngati meya wovomerezeka wa Simรณn Planas municipality ku Lara state. Komabe, kupambana kwake sikunavomerezedwe ndi National Electoral Council (CNE) ponena kuti sanavomerezedwe kukhala phungu ndi utsogoleri wa National Constituent Assembly (ANC) omwe adalungamitsa chisankho chawo ponena kuti iye ndi chigawo cha ANC. nthumwi zamatauni omwewo.
Kumenyera mphamvu, chitsogozo, ndi njira yabwino mkati mwa Chavismo
Zomwe zidachitika ku Simon Plans zikuyimira ndewu yomwe imadutsa meya wa tauni yaing'ono. Ndiwo mkangano wapakati pamtima wa Chavismo pamlingo uliwonse, kapena pang'onopang'ono umasonyeza kukula kwa mikangano yamkati momwe angayendetsere ndi momwe angapititsire ndondomekoyi kuchokera mkati, kupitirira kulimbana kosatha ndi otsutsa ndi zofuna zakunja. zomwe zimayang'ana kuthetsa ndondomeko ya Bolivarian.
Momwe mphamvu zina zimagwiritsidwira ntchito zimatanthauzidwa ngati kuchepetsa kukula kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatsutsana nawo mkati, kukana kuthetsa kusiyana pakati pa kusinthaku ndi ndondomeko zamakhalidwe zomwe zakhala zikufotokozedwa momveka bwino ndi ndondomeko za demokalase, nthawi zonse zimalepheretsa. mwayi wopeza njira zothetsera kusamvana kumeneku zomwe zikuyenera kupereka mphamvu ku kayendetsedwe ka boma.
Kuonjezera apo, khalidwe lotereli limayika chikayikiro tanthauzo la kusintha komweko, ponena za njira zomwe zingatheke kuti apite patsogolo ndi kupambana mumphindi zomwe kusowa chiyembekezo kuli ponseponse komanso maonekedwe a socialist akuwoneka akufalikira.
Chisinthiko cha Bolivarian, ndi mawonekedwe ake onse, chimatenga ngati gawo lachidziwitso chomwe Chavez adapereka kangapo, kuchokera ku Blue Book kwaGolpe de Timonโ*: โChimodzi mwa zinthu zatsopano kwambiri mโchitsanzo chathu ndicho chikhalidwe chake cha demokalase, ulamuliro watsopano wademokalase, ndipo chimatikakamiza kuti tisakakamize koma kutsimikizira.โ
Izi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi chidziwitso china, chomwe ndi "kusintha kwachuma cha dziko kuti likhale lademokalase" ndi cholinga chofuna "kusintha ubale wonse wa anthu, chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi chikhalidwe."
Zambiri zomwe zimatanthawuza kayendetsedwe ka anthu komanso zomwe zinawonetsedwa mu msonkhano wathu wa mgwirizano ndi gulu la anthu, komanso zomwe zinalimbikitsa ambiri kupezekapo, zikufotokozedwa m'mawu awa (2).
Mgwirizano wa Chavismo wofunikira kuti ayambitsenso gulu la anthu
Pamsonkhanowu, panali mitu yosiyanasiyana yomwe inamvera pempholi: omenyera ufulu wa anthu ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, madera, zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, aluntha, magulu atolankhani, zipani zandale, ndi zina.
Izi zikuwonetsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimalumikizana munthawi ino, makamaka kukhalapo kothandiza kwa nkhani yandale yomwe idamangidwa zaka izi kuyambira pomwe Chavismo adatenga njira yolumikizirana ngati njira yomangira kusinthaku, mosiyana ndi zomwe zikuchitika muulamuliro. m'malo kapena muzochitika zandale.
Zimasonyezanso kufooka kwa njira iyi ya anthu onse: ngakhale kuti pali mazana a zochitika, zikhoza kunenedwa kuti chitukuko cha mphamvu zake ndizochepa.
Ngakhale zapita patsogolo zomwe zapezedwa, zofooka izi zikuphatikiza kusatheka kukweza mapulani odziyimira pawokha omenyera nkhondo, kuyang'anira ntchito zachuma zomwe zingalole chitukuko chenicheni cha phindu, ndikupita patsogolo pakuphatikizana kapena kutanthauzira kutanthauzira chizindikiritso cha gulu lopitilira izi. mabungwe omwe alipo.
Kugonjetsa zofooka izi kungatilole kukakamiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko yomveka bwino, yomwe ingaphatikizepo zomwe zinavomerezedwa ndi Purezidenti Maduro m'mabungwe a Presidential Councils for Communes kapena chitetezo chawo ku ziwonongeko ndi zopinga zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi akuluakulu a boma ndi ndale. m'maboma ang'onoang'ono.
Pazofooka zonsezi tiyenera kuwonjezera kulephera kuwona ma communes ngati ntchito yomwe imadutsa makhonsolo a midzi ndi ma communes okha, ngati kuti ndi ntchito ya gawo linalake osati la anthu onse. Izi ndi zina mwazifukwa, ndithudi osati zokhazo, zomwe zimalongosola kusowa kwa khama lotsogolera njira ndi masomphenya ofunikira a kusintha kwa Bolivarian.
Mosakayikira, malingaliro omwe akutuluka muzachuma ku Venezuela akhala ndi chikoka pazandale zilizonse, komanso momwe anthu amakhalira.
Kukonzanso momwe timachitira zinthu kuti tigonjetse izi ndi imodzi mwantchito zofunika kwambiri zomwe tikuyang'ana. Kupitirizabe kupulumuka kwa zochitika za anthu ammudzi kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi izi, koma kukonzanso malingaliro uku ndi njira yogwira ntchito yomwe tiyenera kulimbikitsa. Kusunga chiyambi cha kulimbana kwa anthu ammudzi ndikofunikira kuti zisawonongeke panthawi yamavuto komanso kuti zisapangidwenso ndi ena mwa olankhula Boma, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi ntchito zawo. -boma ndi kuthekera kwake kosintha zinthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti, vutoli lasokoneza kwambiri chikhalidwe chonse chachisinthiko, ndipo n'zomvetsa chisoni kuti njira zina zothana nazo, mpaka pano, zakulitsa njira za Boma za mayankho amunthu payekha kapena mayankho kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. kulimbikitsana m'malo molimbikitsa kugwirizanitsa anthu monga chinsinsi. Mitundu yotereyi imasemphana ndi zomwe zawonedwa mpaka pano pakusinthitsa, ndipo ngakhale zidakhalapo, m'mbuyomu zosankhazi zidaphatikizidwa ndi zina zomwe cholinga chake chinali kukulitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu cha Chavismo polimbikitsa mabungwe otchuka amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, kusonkhana ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limatilola kutsutsa ndondomeko za boma izi kuti tithane ndi vutoli, kuti tiwatsutse ndi ntchito zingapo zomwe zikufunika mwamsanga, zambiri zomwe zinaperekedwa ngati mgwirizano wamagulu ogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo: kumanga kofunikira kwa mgwirizano mkati mwawo. Chavismo, yomwe iyenera kuwonedwa ngati yomanga yosiyana siyana yomwe yalola kuti polojekiti ya ndale ipitirire kuchokera kumalo a hegemonic omwe ayenera kubwezeretsedwanso; kulimbikitsa ndi kuyenerera kwa mabizinesi azachuma omwe akulozera ku chitukuko cha ndondomeko yeniyeni ya chuma chamagulu, mosiyana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi akuluakulu a boma, omwe akuganiza kuti abwerere mmbuyo mwachuma, kuchoka ku socialism; komanso kupita patsogolo ndi chitukuko cha machitidwe ogwirizanitsa omwe akufotokozedwa ndi malamulo a mphamvu zodziwika bwino, kuwonetseratu kuti Boma la Communal si ntchito ya makhonsolo a anthu ndi ma communes okha.
Momwemonso, kommuni ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo zake sizingawonekere ngati kulandira fomu yolembetsa mu Unduna wa Ma Communes, komanso sizingawoneke ngati gawo, koma ngati kuphatikiza kwa ntchito yomangamanga. State Communal State, yomwe inali ntchito yomwe Mtsogoleri Chรกvez komanso Purezidenti Maduro adapereka mukulankhula kwake koyamba ku National Constituent Assembly.
Apa tikuganiza kuti kumanga Boma la Communal ndi ntchito yosapeลตeka ya osintha zinthu omwe amagwira ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana: ogwira ntchito, alimi, ophunzira, akazi, ndi mawu amderali amphamvu zodziwika bwino, zomwe zimaphatikizapo makhonsolo am'magulu ndi ma communes (muzowonetsera zawo zonse) . Nkhani zonsezi ziyenera kubwera pamodzi mโkulimbana kofanana, monga momwe zinasonyezedwera pamsonkhanowo. Tiyenera kudzinenera tokha ngati ammudzi omwe akufuna kupanga mbiri yakale ya oponderezedwa kuti atetezere moyo ndi zinthu zomwe zili zofunika, monga momwe zilili pakukonzanso zida zankhondo zaku Bolivarian.
Tikulimbikira kuti imodzi mwa madera omwe akufunika kumangidwa ndi osintha, ndi ma communards, mogwirizana ndi Boma la Bolivarian, ndi Dongosolo la Boma Lotchuka, lomwe liyenera kuyambitsa mikangano yofunikira pakati pa zomwe sizikufa ndi zomwe zikubadwa. .
Dongosololi liyenera kuyambira pomwe anthu akuyenera kugwira ntchito yomanga Boma la Communal ndikukhazikitsa maboma odziwika okha komanso zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro wogwirizana ndi boma losintha (mumitundu yonse yoyimira), zomwe zimapanga dongosolo latsopano lofunikira kuti apite patsogolo.
Zonsezi zimachitika polimbana ndi kuukira koopsa kuchokera kumbali zonse. Kuwukira kwapadziko lonse lapansi ndikomwe kwakonzedwa bwino kwambiri m'zaka zambiri, ndi mwayi weniweni woyimitsa ntchito yathu. Komabe, kugawikana kwanuko kwa otsutsa kumatilola kuyesa mphamvu zapawiri ndikusamutsira maudindo kwa anthu okonzedwa osati ngati gawo lofunikira la boma losintha, komanso kupanga zigawo za kukana kodziwika ngati zovuta zilizonse.
Ambiri mwa magulu ogwirira ntchito adatsimikiziranso kuti amathandizira kuti Nicolas Maduro akhale pa chisankho cha pulezidenti. Chiwerengero chofunikira cha zotsutsa chinaperekedwa ponena za boma lake koma zikuwonekeranso kuti kulimbana kwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira ya chikhalidwe cha Socialism ndi kotheka kokha mwa dongosolo la Boma la Chavista, lomwe tidzafuna khama lalikulu ndi zomwe tidzatero. tsatirani pamene izo zitero.
Vuto lili pano. Kusonkhanako kunatipatsa mwayi wopezanso mphamvu kuti tipitirizebe kuyenda mโnjira imeneyi. Izi si nthawi zophweka koma ndi mwayi wa chitukuko chofunikira chodziyimira pawokha kuti tikonzenso ndikupita patsogolo pazochitika zamagulu. Kupitirizidwa kwa zonse zomwe zinaperekedwa kuli m'manja mwa ambiri. Chavismo akulongosolabe njira zake, ndipo tikupitirizabe pamsewu wa Socialist woperekedwa ndi Commander Chรกvez.
(1) Bungwe la Communal Movement Simon Planas akupitiriza ndikumanga pulojekiti ya Commander Chรกvez: Tilimbikitsa Dongosolo la Boma Lotchuka la Chigwirizano chathu chamtsogolo cha Communal Federation.
(2) Statement za msonkhano wogwirizana ndi gulu la Commune la Simon Planas: Commune or nothing!
*Golpe de Timon inali mawu omwe Chavez adalankhula mu Okutobala 2012 atangotsala pang'ono kumwalira pomwe Chavez adafotokoza kufunikira kwa kusintha kwabwino, kukonzanso utsogoleri, ndi kubadwanso kwa gulu la Bolivarian.
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