Pomwe zokambirana zidayambika pakati pa United Auto Workers (UAW) ndi Stellantis - kampani ya makolo a Chrysler ndi Jeep ndi imodzi mwamagalimoto a Big Three, pamodzi ndi Ford ndi General Motors, omwe amalemba ntchito pafupifupi mamembala 150,000 a UAW - munthu m'modzi sanapezeke. kuchokera muzokambirana.
Mark Stewart, wamkulu wa opareshoni ya Stelllantis, sanali patebulo lazokambirana ku Detroit, Michigan. M'malo mwake, iye zikuoneka kuti anali ku Acapulco, Mexico, kunyumba yachiwiri. Malinga ndi UAW, Stern sanapite nawo pazokambirana za Zoom.
Komabe Stewart adapeza nthawi yolemba a kalata kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wozikidwa mu "zenizeni zachuma" - kuyankha kwa ogwira ntchito ' zofuna zokhumba kwa kutha makontrakitala osiyanasiyana, ufulu wochita chidwi chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa mafakitale, ndipo 40 peresenti amawonjezeka pa moyo wa mgwirizano wazaka zinayi, zomwe zingabweretse kubweza ziwongola dzanja zomwe zidapangidwa panthawi ya Kugwa kwachuma Kwakukulu. Stewart adatchula ndemanga za pulezidenti wa UAW, Shawn Fain pa zokambiranazo, monga vidiyo imene pulezidenti wa bungweli akuponyamo pepala lokhala ndi malingaliro a Stellantis mumtsuko wa zinyalala, monga โzisudzo.โ
Adafunsidwa ndi Detroit Free Press kuti afotokozerepo za zomwe Stewart akuti sakukambilana, mneneri wa Stellantis Jodi Tinson anakana kutero.
Koma ngati mmodzi wa akuluakulu a Stellantis ankaika patsogolo kupuma ndi kupumula pa ntchito, mwinamwake antchito ake amayenera chimodzimodzi.
Fain nthawi zambiri amagogomezera milungu yayifupi yantchito m'malankhulidwe omwe amaperekedwa m'miyezi kuyambira nthawi yake kupambana kwa misomali pa udindo wa Ray Curry mu Marichi chaka chino. Iye akuti cholinga chake ndi kugwira ntchito maola XNUMX kuyambira Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu, koma wogwira ntchito aliyense akulandira tsiku lolipidwa lopuma tsiku limodzi pamlungu โ ndipo amangogwira ntchito maola makumi atatu ndi awiri pamlungu. Zopereka zowonjezera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito koma zitha kuyambika posachedwa, pakadutsa maola makumi atatu ndi awiri.
Mtsogoleri watsopano wa UAW amalankhula bwino za nthawi yaulere, ndipo wina amazindikira kuti akutanthauzadi.
โTiyenera kugwira ntchito motalikirapo kuti tipitirizebe kukhala ndi moyo umene tinali nawo poyamba,โ anatero Fain in an adilesi kwa mamembala za kukambirana ndi Stellantis, zowulutsidwa pa Facebook Live. Malipiro a mamembala akhala osasunthika kwa zaka zambiri: malipiro oyambira ogwirira ntchito ena ndi $18.04, otsika kuposa omwe ogwira ntchito adalandira mu 2007, omwe adafika $19.60 atasinthidwa ndi kukwera kwa mitengo.
โIzi zitanthauza kukhala ndi nthaลตi yochuluka kuntchito, ndi kukhala ndi moyo wocheperako. Izi zikutanthauza kuphonya masewera a Little League ndi kusonkhananso kwa mabanja. Zimatanthauza kukhala ndi nthawi yochepa panja, kuyenda pang'ono, nthawi yochepa yochita zomwe timakonda komanso zomwe timakonda, "anawonjezera Fain.
Monga purezidenti watsopano wa UAW akuwuzira, adakopeka ndi lingaliro laufupi wamasabata ogwira ntchito powerenga nkhani zakale za mgwirizanowu. Mgwirizano ku Black Lake UAW Conference and Education Center ku Michigan. M'nkhani zam'mbuyo kuyambira 1930s ndi 1940s, mamembala a UAW adalimbikitsa masabata makumi atatu ndi asanu ngakhale masabata makumi atatu ndi awiri. Chikhumbocho chili chodziwika tisiyanitse kuvomereza kwaposachedwa kwa atsogoleri a UAW pakukonza zomwe zitha kukakamiza mamembala ena kugwira ntchito masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata, maola khumi ndi awiri patsiku.
Fain ndi yoyenera kutsindika mzere wautali wa zofuna. Purezidenti wakale wa UAW Walter Reuther anatenga ndi nkhani mโzaka za mโma 1950, panthaลตi imene kupita patsogolo kwaumisiri ndi kulimba kwa mafakitale a mgwirizanowo kunatanthauza kuti ogwira ntchito anali ndi chiwopsezo chenicheni cha kupambana.
Mukulankhula kwake kwa mamembala, Fain adatsatanso kudzipereka kwake kuti apambane moyo wabwino wantchito mpaka buku lomwe adawerenga m'gulu lampingo. Mwezi Umodzi Wokhala ndi MoyoOlembawo adatumikira kwa anthu omwe anali m'masiku awo omaliza a moyo, ndipo zomwe adapeza zinali zowululira mtsogoleri wa mgwirizanowu.
โAnapeza kuti ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri, akayangโana mโmbuyo, amalakalaka atathera nthaลตi kuntchito,โ anatero Fain. โMโmalo mwake, anthu ambiri anali ndi zonongโoneza bondo pa zinthu zonse zimene ankafuna kuchita koma sanachitepo kapena sanachitepo kapena analibe nthawi yoti achite.โ
Mโmawu ake kwa mamembala, Fain anapitiriza kufotokoza kuti nthawi ya munthu ndi โchinthu chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi pano,โ ndipo ananena kuti ngakhale kuti aliyense ali ndi nthawi yokwanira, timathera nthawi yochuluka pa ntchito, ndipo nthawi zambiri timachita zinthu zimene sitikanafuna. osasankha kuchita, chifukwa cha phindu la wina.
"Ndi momwe malipiro alili: ziribe kanthu mtundu wa ntchito yomwe wina akugwira, mukulipidwa chifukwa cha nthawi yanu," Fain anapitiriza. "Ichi chiyenera kukhala cholinga cha zonse zomwe zikupita patsogolo."
Sikuti aliyense ali wokondwa ndi chidwi cha Fain pakuchepetsa maola ogwira ntchito. Kulankhula ndi Washington Post, Fain anati, โAkuluakulu olankhulawo afika pa ntchito ya maola 32 pamlungu [yofuna], ndipo akuyesera kunditchula kuti ndine wachikominisi.โ Poyankha kutsutsa koteroko, Fain analoza zaposachedwapa kafukufuku ndi Deloitte, yomwe inapeza kuti 66 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito zachuma amasiya ntchito zawo ngati atapemphedwa kuti azibwera ku ofesi masiku asanu pamlungu, antchito akutchula maubwenzi abwino ndi okondedwa awo monga chifukwa chofunira kugwira ntchito kutali.
"Zili bwanji kuti mukamanena za ogwira ntchito zachuma kapena ogwira ntchito m'malo oyera, izi ndizovomerezeka?" adatero Fain pamsonkhano wokonzekera sitiraka. Pozindikira kuti atsogoleri ambiri amabungwe akugwirabe ntchito kutali, anawonjezera kuti, "Zili bwino kwa iwo koma mulungu, tikapempha zomwezo, kutichitira zinthu mwachilungamo komanso mosasamala kanthu za moyo wantchito, amatiuza chiyani? Iwo amati, โSimukuyenera.
Fain si munthu yekhayo amene amalimbikitsa lingalirolo. Chifukwa cholimbikitsidwa ndi mliri womwe udapangitsa kuti ogwira ntchito awonenso zomwe amaika patsogolo, kulimbikira kwa sabata lalifupi lantchito kwapeza mphamvu. Ku Iceland, ndi kuyesera kuti kufupikitsa masabata ogwira ntchito kufika maola makumi atatu ndi asanu kapena makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi kumapangitsa kuti antchito achepetse nkhawa komanso nthawi yowonjezera yazinthu zosakhudzana ndi ntchito, pamene "kuchita bwino ndi kupereka ntchito kumakhalabe komweko kapena kupititsa patsogolo malo ambiri ogwirira ntchito," malinga ku lipoti la kuyesako. Kuyambira pamenepo, asanu ndi atatu mwa ogwira ntchito khumi aku Iceland adasinthiratu ntchito zazifupi. Zoyeserera zowonjezera mu UK, Japan, New Zealand nawonso atulutsa zotulukapo zabwino.
Ku United States, Woimira Mark Takeno (D-CA) adayambitsidwa malamulo mu Congress mu 2021 omwe angachepetse nthawi yogwira ntchito mpaka maola makumi atatu ndi awiri kwa ogwira ntchito osatulutsidwa posintha Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) ya 1938. gulu la ogwira ntchito ku US. Kwa ogwira ntchito omwe maola awo angakhale ovuta kuchepetsa (mwinamwake ogwira ntchito pawokha pakati pawo), malamulowo angatanthauze kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa malipiro owonjezera.
Bili ya Rep. Takeno idavomerezedwa ndi a Congression Progressive Caucus koma ilibe thandizo lochepa lomwe lingafune kuti likhazikitsidwe m'dziko lomwe anthu ake, ngakhale acheperako pang'ono maola ogwira ntchito, adayikidwa. nthawi yambiri yogwira ntchito kuposa china chilichonse mu Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2021, ife ntchito Maola 294 ochulukirapo kuposa ogwira ntchito aku Britain, ndi maola 442 kuposa antchito aku Germany.
Apa ndi pamene mabungwe amabwera. M'mbuyomu, anali ogwira ntchito omwe amakakamiza mabwana awo kukhala ndi miyezo yatsopano; zosinthazo zitakhala chizolowezi, zidakhala zosavuta kuzilemba pamalamulo. Tsiku loyamba la Meyi ziwonetsero, pomwe a Ma radicals a Haymarket adaphedwa, chinali chisonkhezero chofuna kupambana pa tsiku la maola asanu ndi atatu, ndi zikwi zikwi za oguba akuimba kuti, โtsiku la maola asanu ndi atatu popanda malipiro.โ Ndi FLSA yokha, patatha zaka makumi asanu, idakhala lamulo ladziko.
Pachitukuko chapadziko lonse lapansi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa sabata lalifupi lantchito sikunathe kuyimilira ndi UAW. membala. Zikafunika kugwirizana ndi vuto la kugwira ntchito mochepa, lomwe ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri ku United States amene amafuna ntchito yanthawi zonse koma amangopeza ntchito yaganyu.
Kugwirizanitsa ogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso ndi osagwira ntchito molimbika pofuna kunena zambiri pakukonzekera - ndi kulinganiza kugawa kwa ntchito polipira antchito anthawi zonse kwa maola XNUMX mpaka XNUMX, kuwapatsa chilimbikitso chochepa chogwira ntchito maola oposa makumi anayi pa sabata - kungakhale pakati. ku polojekiti. Ndondomeko yotereyi ikufuna kubwezera mmbuyo mchitidwe wazaka zambiri wa olemba anzawo ntchito omwe amafuna kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito, kapena zomwe nthawi zina zimatchedwa "ntchito yanthawi yake," ponse paลตiri mwa kukakamizidwa kwa nthawi yowonjezera kwa ena komanso kwakanthawi, kwakanthawi. ntchito kwa ena.
"Ngati sititsogolera ndewuyi, ngati sititsogolera zokambiranazi, palibe amene angachite," a Fain adauza mamembala pamsonkhano wokonzekera sitiraka. "Tiyenera kusintha nkhaniyo. Ndilo udindo wathu monga mgwirizano, ndipo ndi udindo wa utsogoleri wathu ndipo ndi zomwe takonzekera kuchita. "
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