Tili ndi kale ndege “zachinyengo,” koma nanga bwanji pang’ono mwachinyengo zimene chilengedwe chokha chingapereke?
Zisindikizo za Navy, sunthani - apa pakubwera nsomba za Navy. Malinga ndi zaposachedwa Magazini ya New Scientist, Bungwe la Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency kapena DARPA, phiko la buluu la Pentagon, lakhazikitsa gulu lina la asayansi aku America lotayirira kuti apange maziko a mapulogalamu amtsogolo a red-in-tooth-and-maw Discovery Channel. Pamenepa, akukonzekera kuyika ma implants muubongo wa shaki ndi chiyembekezo kuti tsiku lina “adzalamulira kayendedwe ka nyamayo, mwinanso kudziŵa bwino mmene nyamayo ikumvera.” M'maloto awo, opereka ndalama ku DARPA akuyembekeza “kugwiritsa ntchito luso lachilengedwe la nsombazi kuti lizitha kuyandama m'madzi mwakachetechete, kuzindikira mphamvu za magetsi komanso kutsatira njira za mankhwala. Mwa kutsogoza mayendedwe a shaki, iwo akuyembekeza kusandutsa nyamazo kukhala azondi achinsinsi, mwina okhoza kutsatira ngalawa popanda kuwawona.”
Pakali pano angofika ku nsomba zosauka za dogfish, "zowongolera" zomwe zili mu ukapolo pogwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi opangidwa ndi "fungo la phantom." Momwe zimachitikira, mapulani omwe amathandizidwa ndi DARPA ndiabwino kwambiri kuposa izi: Imani kwina, nsombazi buluu, yomwe imafika kutalika kwa mapazi 13. Katswiri wa polojekiti Walter Gomes wa Naval Undersea Warfare Center ku Newport, Rhode Island akuti gulu posachedwapa liyika ma implants a neural "mu shaki zabuluu ndikuwatulutsa m'nyanja pafupi ndi gombe la Florida." Kuti atumize zizindikiro kwa nsombazi, gululo silidzafunikanso china chilichonse koma kukhala ndi nsanja zoulutsira mawu m’deralo. Izi zili ndi "anti-ballistic shark system" yolembedwa ponseponse.
Kwenikweni, aka sikanali koyamba kuti asitikali agwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wa shark. Monga Noah Shachtman wa DefenseTech.org adatero Julayi watha, "Sitima yapamadzi idagwiritsa ntchito makampani atatu kuti apange zida zofananira zomwe zimafanana ndi zomwe shaki zimachita mwachibadwa: kupeza nyama kuchokera kumagetsi omwe amatulutsa." Mmodzi wa iwo, Malingaliro a kampani Advanced Ceramics Research, Inc., anatchula mapindu a ntchitoyo motere: “Ngati atapangidwa, luso loterolo likhoza kusonyeza kuti sitima zapamadzi zing’onozing’ono, zaudani zikulowa m’malo olowera madzi a m’nyanja, doko kapena ngalande, kapena kulola zinthu monga migodi kuti zilozedwe m’madzi osaya kumene kujambula kwa sonar. amakhudzidwa kwambiri. ” Ndiyeno pali loto lalikulu la pansi pa madzi, Microfabricated Biomimetic Artificial Gill System, zomwe zingayambitse mitundu yonse ya zopambana za Navy, mwina ngakhale - ngati mungandikhululukire pang'onopang'ono - blue shark / magulu otsata anthu, kapena ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti ma TV ambiri usiku. Aquaman nthabwala.
Zachidziwikire, Navy yakhala m'madzi achilengedwe m'njira yayikulu kwakanthawi ndi ake Pulogalamu ya Zamoyo Zam'madzi ku San Diego. Kumeneko, imaphunzitsa ma dolphin a mabotolo monga "oyang'anira" ndi zowunikira migodi. Ma dolphin oterowo anali "Zoyamba zagwiritsidwa ntchito" ku Vietnam mu 1971 ndi gulu lonse la Dolphin loyang'anira (monga, poganiza, gulu la shark lomwe likubwera) tsopano ali pantchito mumtsinje wa Khor Abd Allah, njira ya Iraq yolowera ku Persian Gulf. Kwa manyazi a Navy, dolphin wotchedwa Takoma ngakhale kupita "AWOL" kumeneko mu 2003, nkhondo ya Iraq itangoyamba.
As Nick Turse wanena kuti, DARPA imapereka ndalama zofufuzira za zida zankhondo zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi malo aliwonse achilengedwe omwe angaganizidwe - kuphatikiza njuchi zomwe zimatha kuzindikira zida zophulika; “maso” otsatiridwa ndi a ntchentche zomwe tsiku lina zingapangitse zida “zanzeru” kukhala zanzeru; kukwera pakhoma kwa nalimata ndi njira zobisalira octopi; ndi makoswe oyendetsedwa ndi electrode omwe amatha kufufuza milu ya zinyalala. Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa chirengedwe ndi china chilichonse chosiyana ndi kulera, pakhala pali gulu lankhondo lomwe likupitilirabe. Taganizirani, mwachitsanzo, BigDog, yowonetsedwa mu momwemonso New Scientist. Poyerekeza ndi paketi ya bulu, mbuzi, kapena kavalo, "chiloboti chonyamula katundu" ichi chikupangidwa ndi Boston Dynamics kuti chikoke pamtunda wokwana ma kilogalamu 40 a katundu omwe asitikali sangafunikire kunyamula, kwinaku atha kutenga " kukankha kolemetsa” m’miyendo popanda kugwa pansi.
Kuyambira shark mpaka maloboti, kuchokera kukhadzula mu dongosolo lanu lamanjenje kuti kuwongolera nyengo, Pentagon ikuwoneka yotsimikiza kuchita "ulamuliro wathunthu" makamaka pamwamba pa nyani, ife. Kuti akwaniritse izi, amathandizira kuganiza kwamtambo wabuluu ndi kubwezera. Palibe chomwe chimayenda kapena kupuma padziko lapansi, zikuwoneka kuti sichingalephereke kulowa usilikali ndi Amalume Sam kuzochitika zankhondo zamtsogolo.
Mosakayikira izi ndi zomwe zimachitika mukakhala ndi oyang'anira omwe amawona Pentagon yankho lamavuto athu onse ndikuwapatsa. $ 439.3 biliyoni bajeti kusewera nawo - ndipo izi ndizongowonjezera ndalama zenizeni zomenyera nkhondo (zomwe, za Iraq ndi Afghanistan, pakuyerekeza $ Biliyoni 120 kwa chaka, adzabwera muzopempha zowonjezera ku Congress). Ndipo kumbukiraninso kuti ndalama za 2007 Pentagon bajeti sizimaphatikizapo $ 9.3 biliyoni yomwe Dipatimenti ya Mphamvu idzayika mu zida za nyukiliya kapena phindu la chisamaliro cha asilikali ankhondo, zonse zomwe zimabweretsa bajetiyo pafupi ndi $ 600 biliyoni. Powunika bajeti ya 2006, katswiri wazachuma Robert Higgs adayerekeza kuti zonse zokhudzana ndi usilikali - ndiye kuti, kwenikweni Bajeti ya Pentagon - yofikira pafupi $ 840 biliyoni madola.
Ngakhale atatengedwa mopanda phindu, bajeti ya 2007 imakhala yoposa theka la $873 biliyoni mu federal discretionary spending - ndalama zomwe Purezidenti ndi Congress amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito chaka chilichonse. M'chaka cha 2007, maphunziro, chinthu chachiwiri chachikulu kwambiri cha bajeti, chikupitirira $50 biliyoni, ndalama zochulukirapo poyerekezera. Koma mwina palibe njira yowonetsera momwe ndalama za Pentagon zimayendera. Kulankhula zankhondo, zimaponya ndalama zina zankhondo padziko lapansi mumthunzi wakuya kwambiri. Monga Frida Berrigan, wothandizana nawo wofufuza wamkulu ku World Policy Institute's Arms Trade Resource Center komanso wolemba mnzake wa Zida pa Nkhondo ya 2005, inanena kuti, “Pentagon imawononga pafupifupi theka la ndalama zonse zankhondo zapadziko lonse zokwana madola 1.04 thililiyoni, kuwononga zokha zomwe mayiko 32 amphamvu kwambiri amawonongera pamodzi.”
Dziko la United States ndilonso padziko lonse lapansi limene limatumiza zida ndi zida zankhondo. Lipoti lapachaka la DRM Research Service lidapeza kuti, mu 2004, zida zapadziko lonse lapansi zidakwana pafupifupi $37 biliyoni - ndipo United States ndiyomwe imayang'anira zoposa 33% yaiwo, kapena $12.4 biliyoni, ndipo sichinakhale bwino kuyambira pamenepo.
Palibe dziko lina lomwe limapereka chilichonse chonga kuyesayesa koteroko, kukonzekera, ndi kulota m'malingaliro owonetsa mphamvu zankhondo zofalikira padziko lonse lapansi, zogwidwa moyipa kwambiri m'mawu akuti, "ulamuliro wamitundu yonse." Kwa malingaliro a Pentagon izi zikuwoneka kuti zikutanthawuza: kuchokera pamasewera 20,000 kutsika mpaka 20 mailosi mmwamba (ndi chilichonse chomwe chimakwawa, chokwawa, kusambira, kapena kuwuluka pakati). Mawuwa adayamba kukhudzidwa ndi kutulutsidwa mu 2000 kwa mawu a Gulu Lankhondo la Air Force's Joint Vision 2020 - akuyenera kuyang'ana dziko lamtsogolo lankhondo zaku America. Ndi amodzi mwamawu omwe amamatira kwa inu - osati chifukwa cha zida zonse zomwe zili pazithunzi zojambulira, kuyambira pamitolo yamitengo ya hypervelocity yomwe imayenera kulowa m'malo obisala pansi kuchokera mlengalenga (odziwika bwino “ndodo za Mulungu”) kupita ku Common Aero Vehicle (CAV), "wosayendetsedwa ndege zosunthika zomwe [pofika mu 2010] zikanayenda mowirikiza kasanu liŵiro la mawu ndipo zikanatha kunyamula zida zankhondo zokwana mapaundi 1,000, masensa anzeru kapena katundu wina wolipidwa” kulikonse padziko lapansi pasanathe maola aŵiri, kapena maziko okhazikika pamwezi utsogoleri wa Bush wayitanitsa pofika chaka cha 2020 (ndi zida zingapo za Star Wars zomwe zingamvekere).
Ulamuliro wathunthu ukuphatikiza ngakhale United States komwe, mu 2002, olamulira a Bush adakhazikitsa United States Northern Command kapena Northcom yomwe. webusaiti pakali pano ali ndi zotsatirazi kuchokera ku ulendo wa Mlembi Wothandizira wa Chitetezo cha Homeland a Paul McHale monga mawu ake olimbikitsa a sabata: "Ndikuchoka ndi chidaliro chonse pa masomphenya ndi kukonzekera kwa NORTHCOM kuti athane ndi vuto lililonse lomwe likubwera. , kaya ndi mliri wa chimfine, mphepo yamkuntho ya 2006 ... kapena zigawenga zomwe adani athu akukonzabe. "
Pomwe Pentagon ikuyamba kuyang'anira mwakachetechete ntchito zomwe zidaperekedwa kwa mabungwe wamba, mapulani ake a zida zamtambo wabuluu amafikira mtsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za Masewera a Air Force Futures 05, unachitikira kwa masiku angapo October watha mu Dulles, Virginia ofesi ya alangizi Booz Allen Hamilton. Ntchitoyi idaperekedwa kuti "kuyang'ana zochitika za chaka cha 2025," makamaka zomwe zida za nyukiliya zimatayika "m'dziko la Middle East" ndipo nkhondo yaikulu ili pafupi. Monga masewera ena ambiri ankhondo a Pentagon, iyi idadzipereka kwambiri kutsimikizira kufunika kwa zida zomwe zidalibepo kapena kulibeko, makamaka pankhani za "kufikira mlengalenga" ndi "nkhondo zamagetsi." Malinga ndi a Col. Gail Wojtowicz, mkulu wa gulu la Air Force of the future concepts and transformation, ochita masewerawa "ankayang'ananso chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri zomwe Air Force kapena ntchito ina ingakumane nayo: zomwe Pentagon ingachite pa nthaka yaku America." Poyeneradi.
Katswiri wa zankhondo William Arkin analemba za masewera a Air Force awa, omwe amayenera kulimbikitsa "laser, ma microwaves amphamvu kwambiri, ndi zida zomveka," Washington Post Early Warning blog. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zoterezi, iye anafotokoza, zimapititsa patsogolo zida zatsopano (ndi othandizira awo) "panjira yodziwika bwino yachitukuko ndi othandizira omwe amadyetsa zidziwitso kwa osewera ankhondo omwe amadyetsa ophunzira omwe amadyetsa ofufuza omwe amadyetsa opanga. Pamapeto pa tsikuli, nkovuta kudziwa ngati ma microwave okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso laser adakhalapo chifukwa chakuti wina adachipanga chifukwa chosowa kapena chifukwa kukhalapo kwake mu labotale kunapangitsa kufunikira kwake. ”
Kuthandizira kulola malingaliro odzipangira okha kuyenda momasuka kunja kwa machitidwe abwino ndi lingaliro louziridwa. Koma ine kubetcherana palibe DARPA-ngati bungwe kwina m'boma ndalama lofanana maphunziro 2025 kapena thanzi 2025 kapena ngakhale mphamvu ufulu 2025. Kuti izi zichitike, ine ndikuwopa, muyenera kusintha iwo mu Northcom nkhondo masewera.
Tsopano ndizowona kuti kuwulutsa kwamtambo wambiri sikungakhaleko. Nsomba zam'madzi zaku US zomwe sizingayendere m'mphepete mwathu ndipo mdani wabwino, wothamanga kupita kumalo osayembekezeka pa BigDog's anatomy atha kugwa "cholengedwa," ngati makwinya a bajeti kapena apamwamba sachita chinyengo - monga zosayembekezereka. Kumenyedwa kwaukadaulo pang'ono kwa asitikali athu amitundu yonse kwasiya Pentagon yosimidwa komanso Asitikali akuukira ku Iraq.
Sizingakhale zabwino, komabe, ngati kuganiza mozama kwa buluu sikunatanthauze kulimbikitsa zachuma, asayansi, mabungwe, ngakhalenso nyama kuti zithandizire kufa padziko lonse lapansi. Kodi sizingakhale zabwino buluu kuthambo ngati tad za moyo?
[Zindikirani: Tithokoze mwapadera pazowona za Pentagon ndi ziwerengero zomwe zili mugawoli zipita kwa Frida Berrigan wa World Policy Institute wamtengo wapatali. Arms Trade Resource Center. Kuti mukhale ndi ntchito zaposachedwa kwambiri za Pentagon, onetsetsani kuti mwawona zosangalatsa za Noah Shachtman komanso zothandiza. Webusaiti ya DefenseTech, adakumbidwa kwambiri ndi chidutswa ichi, ndi William Arkin's Chenjezo Loyambirira la Washington Post blog.]
Tom Engelhardt, yemwe amayendetsa Tomdispatch.com ya Nation Institute ("mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zonse"), ndiye woyambitsa nawo Pulogalamu ya American Empire Project ndi wolemba wa Mapeto a Chikhalidwe Chogonjetsa, mbiri ya kupambana kwa America mu Cold War. Novel yake, Masiku Otsiriza a Kusindikiza, posachedwapa yatuluka mu mapepala.
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