Izi ndi zolembedwa kuchokera kukulankhula komwe kunaperekedwa Lachiwiri, Julayi 23, ku Center for American Progress ku Washington.
Pamene lamulo la Patriot Act linavomerezedwanso komaliza, ndinayimirira pansi pa Nyumba Yamalamulo ya United States ndipo ndinati, โNdikufuna kupereka chenjezo masana ano. Anthu aku America akapeza momwe boma lawo limatanthauzira Patriot Act, adzadabwa ndipo adzakwiya. โ
Kuchokera pa udindo wanga pa Senate Intelligence Committee, ndinaona ntchito za boma zikuchitidwa motsatira lamulo la Patriot Act limene ndinadziลตa kuti lidzadabwitsa anthu ambiri a ku America. Pa nthawiyo, Nyumba ya Senate inalamula za zidziwitso zachinsinsi zomwe zinandiletsa kuti ndisafotokoze chilichonse cha zomwe ndidaziwona kupatula kuzifotokoza kuti ndi "lamulo lachinsinsi" - kutanthauzira kwachinsinsi kwa Patriot Act, yoperekedwa ndi khoti lachinsinsi, lomwe limavomereza mapulogalamu achinsinsi. ; mapulogalamu omwe ine ndi anzanga tikuganiza kuti amapita kutali ndi cholinga cha lamuloli.
Ngati izi sizikukwanira kuti muyime, ndiye ganizirani kuti sikunali kokha kukhalapo komanso kulungamitsidwa mwalamulo kwa mapulogalamuwa kubisidwa kotheratu kwa anthu aku America, akuluakulu aboma m'boma anali kunena kwa anthu za kuwunika kwapakhomo komwe zinali zosocheretsa ndipo nthawi zina zabodza basi. Senator Mark Udall ndi ine tidayesa mobwerezabwereza kuti nthambi yayikulu ikhale yowongoka kwa anthu, koma malinga ndi malamulo anyumba ya Senate sitiloledwa kunena chowonadi mu Morse code ndipo tidayesa china chilichonse. tikhoza kuganiza za kuchenjeza anthu aku America. Koma monga ndanena kale, mwanjira ina, chowonadi chimapambana.
Chivumbulutso cha Edward Snowden
Mwezi watha, zowululidwa ndi kontrakitala wa NSA zidayatsa dziko loyang'anira moto. Zambiri zamalamulo achinsinsi sizinalinso zachinsinsi ndipo anthu aku America adatha kuwona zina mwazinthu zomwe ndakhala ndikuchenjeza kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo pamene iwo anatero, mnyamata anadabwa, ndipo mnyamata, anakwiya.
Mumamva mzipinda zodyeramo masana, misonkhano ya holo ya tauni ndi m'malo opezeka anthu okalamba. Kafukufuku waposachedwa, kafukufuku wolemekezeka kwambiri wa Quinnipiac, adapeza kuti anthu ambiri akuti boma likuchita mopambanitsa komanso likusokoneza kwambiri ufulu wa anthu aku America. Ndiko kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera ku zomwe kafukufuku yemweyo adanena zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikukwera. Pomwe zidziwitso zambiri zakuwunika kwa boma kwa anthu aku America omwe ali ndi malamulo zikuwululidwa ndipo anthu aku America atha kukambirana za zotsatira zake, ndikukhulupirira kuti aku America ambiri alankhula. Ati, ku America, simuyenera kukhazikika pachinthu chimodzi kapena china: malamulo amatha kulembedwa kuti ateteze zinsinsi ndi chitetezo, ndipo malamulo sayenera kukhala achinsinsi.
Pambuyo pa 9/11, pamene 3,000 Achimereka anaphedwa ndi zigawenga, panali mgwirizano kuti boma lathu liyenera kuchitapo kanthu. Panthawi ya mantha omveka, a Congress adapatsa boma akuluakulu oyang'anira, koma adayika tsiku lomaliza ntchito kwa akuluakuluwa kuti akambirane mosamala kwambiri zikangochitika mwadzidzidzi. Komabe m'zaka khumi kuchokera pamenepo, lamuloli lakulitsidwa kangapo popanda kukambirana pagulu za momwe lamuloli limatanthawuzira. Chotsatira chake: kupangidwa kwa kuchulukirachulukira, kuyang'anira komwe kumawonekera ponseponse kuti ola ndi ola sizikhala ndi ufulu ndi ufulu womwe oyambitsa athu adatipatsa, popanda phindu lotipanga kukhala otetezeka.
Choncho, lero ndipereka chenjezo lina: Ngati sititenga nthawi yapaderayi m'mbiri yathu ya malamulo kuti tisinthe malamulo ndi machitidwe athu, tonse tidzanong'oneza bondo. Ndikhala ndi zambiri zonena za zotsatira za kuwunika komwe kuli ponseponse, koma mukamamvetsera nkhaniyi, lingalirani kuti ambiri aife tili ndi kompyuta m'thumba mwathu yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutilondolera ndi kutiyang'anira 24/7. Kuphatikizika kwaukadaulo wopitilira muyeso ndi kuwonongeka kwa macheke ndi miyeso yomwe imachepetsa zochita za boma kungatifikitse ku dziko loyang'anira lomwe silingasinthidwe.
Zomwe zachitika kuyambira 9/11
Panthawiyi, mbiri yochepa chabe ingakhale yothandiza. Ndinalowa mu Senate Intelligence Committee mu January 2001, pasanafike 9/11. Monga maseneta ambiri ndidavotera lamulo loyambirira la Patriot Act, mwa zina chifukwa ndidatsimikiziridwa kuti linali ndi tsiku lotha ntchito zomwe zingakakamize a Congress kuti abwererenso ndikuwunikanso akuluakuluwa mosamalitsa vuto likadutsa. Pamene nthawi inkapita, malinga ndi maganizo anga pa Komiti ya Intelligence panali zochitika zomwe zinkawoneka kutali kwambiri ndi malingaliro a makolo athu omwe adayambitsa.
Izi zidayamba patangopita nthawi yayitali 9/11, ndi pulogalamu ya Pentagon yotchedwa Total Information Awareness, yomwe inali kuyesetsa kukhazikitsa njira yayikulu yolumikizira deta yapakhomo. Povutika ndi kuyesayesa uku, komanso chizindikiro chake chosawoneka bwino cha diso lopenya m'chilengedwe chonse, ndidagwira ntchito ndi a senators angapo kuti nditseke. Tsoka ilo, uku sikunali komaliza kuwunika kwapakhomo. M'malo mwake, pulogalamu ya NSA yodziwika bwino yopanda zingwe inali itayamba kale kugwira ntchito panthawiyo, ngakhale ine, ndi mamembala ambiri a Komiti ya Intelligence sanaphunzirepo mpaka zaka zingapo pambuyo pake. Ichi chinali gawo la njira yobisira zidziwitso kuchokera ku Congress zomwe zidapitilira muulamuliro wa Bush ndidalowa mu Komiti ya Intelligence ku 2001, koma ndidaphunzira za pulogalamu yolumikizira opanda zingwe mukamawerenga za izi. New York Times kumapeto kwa 2005.
Oyang'anira a Bush adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri ya 2006 kuyesa kuteteza pulogalamu yopanda zingwe. Apanso, chowonadi chikadzatulukira, zidapangitsa kuti anthu azikakamizidwa kwambiri ndipo olamulira a Bush adalengeza kuti aziyang'anira kuchokera ku Congress ndi Khothi Loyang'anira Zachilendo Zakunja, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti khothi la FISA. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa zigamulo za khothi la FISA ndi zachinsinsi, anthu ambiri aku America sankadziwa kuti khotilo linali lokonzeka kupereka zigamulo zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimalola kuti kuwunika kwakukulu komwe kunachitika mwezi watha.
Tsopano ndi nkhani yodziwika bwino kuti pulogalamu yojambulira mafoni ambiri yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira osachepera 2007. Sizongochitika mwangozi kuti aphungu ang'onoang'ono akhala akugwira ntchito kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kuti apeze njira zochenjeza anthu za zomwe zakhala zikuchitika. Miyezi ndi zaka zidayamba kuyesera kupeza njira zodziwitsira anthu za akuluakulu oyang'anira chinsinsi malinga ndi malamulo amagulu. Ine ndi anzanga angapo tapanga kukhala cholinga chathu kuthetsa kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo achinsinsi.
Anthu a ku Oregon akamva mawu akuti "lamulo lachinsinsi," amabwera kwa ine ndikufunsa kuti, "Ron, kodi lamulo lingakhale bwanji lachinsinsi? Anyamata inu mukakhazikitsa malamulo ndiye kuti anthu onse. Ndizifufuza pa intaneti. " Poyankha, ndikuuza a Oregoni kuti pali Machitidwe awiri a Patriot oyamba ndi omwe amatha kuwerenga pa laputopu yawo ku Medford kapena Portland, kusanthula ndikumvetsetsa. Ndiye pali lamulo lenileni la Patriot Act - kutanthauzira kwachinsinsi kwa lamulo lomwe boma likudalira kwenikweni. Zigamulo zachinsinsi za Khothi la Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court zatanthauzira lamulo la Patriot Act, komanso ndime 702 ya lamulo la FISA, m'njira zina zodabwitsa, ndipo zigamulozi zimasungidwa mwachinsinsi kwa anthu. Zigamulozi zitha kukhala zazikulu modabwitsa. Yomwe imavomereza kusonkhanitsa zambiri zamafoni ndi yotakata monga momwe ndidawonerapo.
Kudalira kumeneku kwa mabungwe a boma pa gulu lachinsinsi la malamulo kuli ndi zotsatira zenizeni. Anthu ambiri aku America samayembekeza kudziwa zambiri zazochitika zankhondo ndi zanzeru zomwe zikuchitika, koma monga ovota ali ndi chosowa komanso ufulu wodziwa zomwe boma lawo likuganiza kuti ndilololedwa kuchita, kuti athe kuvomereza kapena kukana zisankho zomwe osankhidwa amapangira m'malo mwawo. Kunena mwanjira ina, anthu aku America amazindikira kuti mabungwe azidziwitso nthawi zina amafunikira kuchita ntchito zachinsinsi, koma sakuganiza kuti mabungwewo akuyenera kudalira malamulo achinsinsi.
Tsopano, ena amatsutsa kuti kusunga tanthauzo la malamulo owonetsetsa chinsinsi ndikofunikira, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusonkhanitsa nzeru pamagulu achigawenga ndi mayiko ena akunja. Mukatsatira mfundo iyi, pamene Congress idapereka lamulo loyambirira la Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act m'zaka za m'ma 1970, akanatha kupeza njira yopangira chinsinsi chonsecho, kuti akuluakulu a Soviet asadziwe zomwe akuluakulu a FBI anali kuyang'anira. Koma si momwe mumachitira ku America.
Ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri ya demokalase ya ku America kuti malamulo asakhale omveka poyera pokhapokha ngati kuli koyenera kuti akuluakulu aboma awawonetsere poyera. Ayenera kukhala opezeka pagulu nthawi zonse, otseguka kuti awonedwe ndi makhothi otsutsa, ndipo angasinthidwe ndi nyumba yamalamulo yoyankha motsogozedwa ndi anthu odziwa zambiri. Ngati anthu aku America sangathe kuphunzira momwe boma lawo likutanthauzira ndikukhazikitsa malamulo ndiye kuti tathetsa mpanda wofunikira kwambiri wa demokalase yathu. Ndicho chifukwa chake, ngakhale pamene Nkhondo Yozizira inali pachimake, pamene mkangano wofuna kubisa chinsinsi unali pachimake, Congress inasankha kuti malamulo a US awonetsere anthu.
Popanda malamulo aboma, ndi zigamulo za makhothi a anthu onse zomasulira malamulowo, sikutheka kudziwitsa anthu mkangano. Ndipo pamene anthu a ku America ali mumdima, sangathe kupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino za yemwe ayenera kuwayimira, kapena ndondomeko zotsutsa zomwe samagwirizana nazo. Izi ndi zoyambira. Ndi Civics 101. Ndipo lamulo lachinsinsi limaphwanya mfundo zoyambirirazo. Zilibe malo ku America.
Zoona Zokhudza Khothi la FISA
Tsopano tiyeni titembenukire ku khothi lachinsinsi la Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, lomwe palibe amene anamvapo miyezi iwiri yapitayo ndipo tsopano anthu amandifunsa za ometa. Pamene khothi la FISA lidapangidwa ngati gawo la lamulo la FISA la 1978, ntchito yake inali yachizolowezi. Linapatsidwa ntchito yowunikanso pempho la boma la ma wiretaps ndikusankha ngati boma likhoza kusonyeza chifukwa chake. Zikumveka ngati ntchito zosiyanasiyana za oweruza makhothi achigawo ku America konse. Ndipotu udindo wawo unali wofanana ndi bwalo lamilandu moti oweruza amene amapanga khoti la FISA ndi oweruza a mโmakhoti a chigawochi.
Pambuyo pa 9/11, Congress idapereka Patriot Act ndi FISA Amendments Act. Izi zinapatsa boma mphamvu zatsopano zowunikira zomwe sizinafanane ndi chilichonse m'dziko lazachigawenga kapena malamulo oyambilira a FISA. Bwalo lamilandu la FISA linapeza ntchito yomasulira maulamuliro atsopanowa, osafanana nawo a Patriot Act ndi FISA Amendments Act. Iwo adasankha kupereka zigamulo zachinsinsi zomwe zimatanthauzira lamulo ndi Constitution modabwitsa zomwe zadziwika m'masabata asanu ndi limodzi apitawa. Iwo amayenera kupereka chigamulo chakuti Patriot Act ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokokera, kuyang'anitsitsa kwakukulu kwa anthu omvera malamulo aku America.
Kunja kwa mayina a oweruza a khoti la FISA, pafupifupi china chilichonse ndi chinsinsi cha khoti. Zigamulo zawo ndi zachinsinsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutsutsa kwawo kukhoti la apilo kukhala kosatheka. Zomwe akukambirana ndi zachinsinsi, koma ndikuuzeni kuti nthawi zonse amakhala kumbali imodzi. Maloya a boma amalowamo nโkukambitsirana chifukwa chake boma liyenera kuloledwa kuchita zinazake, ndipo khotilo limagamula mogwirizana ndi zimene woweruzayo wapereka pa mfundo za boma. Izi sizachilendo ngati khoti likuyang'ana pempho lachilolezo, koma ndi zachilendo ngati khoti likufufuza kwambiri zamalamulo kapena malamulo. Sindikudziwa mwamtheradi makhothi ena mdziko muno omwe amasokera kutali ndi njira yotsutsa yomwe yakhala gawo la dongosolo lathu kwazaka zambiri.
Mwinanso mungakudabwitseni kudziwa kuti Purezidenti Obama atalowa pampando, akuluakulu aboma adagwirizana nane kuti zigamulozi ziyenera kuwululidwa. M'chilimwe cha 2009 ndinalandira chikalata cholembedwa kuchokera ku Dipatimenti Yachilungamo ndi Ofesi ya Director of National Intelligence kuti ndondomeko idzapangidwe kuti ayambe kukonzanso ndi kusokoneza maganizo a khothi la FISA, kuti anthu a ku America akhale ndi lingaliro la zomwe boma limakhulupirira kuti lamulo limalola kutero. M'zaka zinayi zapitazi ndendende malingaliro a ziro atulutsidwa.
Tsopano popeza tadziwa pang'ono za malamulo achinsinsi ndi khoti lomwe adawapanga, tiyeni tikambirane momwe lachepetsera ufulu wa mwamuna, mkazi ndi mwana aliyense waku America. Ngakhale kuyesetsa kwa utsogoleri wa gulu lanzeru kupeputsa kukhudzika kwa zinsinsi za Patriot Act, zosonkhanitsira zochulukira zama foni zimakhudza kwambiri zinsinsi za anthu mamiliyoni aku America omvera malamulo. Ngati mukudziwa yemwe wina adayimbira foni, pomwe adayimba foni, komwe adayitana kuchokera, komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji yomwe adalankhula, mumawulula miyoyo ya anthu aku America omwe ali ndi malamulo kuti awonedwe ndi akuluakulu aboma ndi makontrakitala akunja. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati mukuchotsa zomwe zili pa foni yam'manja, ndikutembenuza foni iliyonse yaku America kukhala chida cholondolera. Tikuuzidwa kuti izi sizikuchitika lero, koma akuluakulu a intelligence auza atolankhani kuti pakadali pano ali ndi mphamvu zosonkhanitsa zambiri za malo aku America.
Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndichakuti palibe chilichonse mu Patriot Act chomwe chimaletsa kusonkhanitsa kochulukiraku kukhala zolemba zamafoni. Boma litha kugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro wamabizinesi a Patriot Act kusonkhanitsa, kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga zidziwitso zamtundu uliwonse, kuphatikiza mbiri yachipatala, mbiri yazachuma, kapena kugula ma kirediti kadi. Angagwiritse ntchito ulamuliro umenewu kupanga nkhokwe ya eni mfuti kapena oลตerenga mabuku ndi magazini amene amaonedwa kuti ndi oukira boma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ulamuliro wa boma wosonkhanitsa zidziwitso za nzika zaku America zovomerezeka ndi zopanda malire. Ngati ndi mbiri yomwe ili ndi bizinesi, bungwe la umembala, dokotala, kapena sukulu, kapena wina aliyense, ikhoza kusonkhetsedwa mochuluka pansi pa Patriot Act.
Akuluakulu a boma motere amapatsa bungwe lachitetezo cha dziko mphamvu zowunika moyo wamunthu aliyense waku America wotsatira malamulo. Kulola zimenezo kupitiriza ndi kulakwa kwakukulu kumene kumasonyeza kusadziลตa mwadala chibadwa cha anthu. Komanso, zikuwonetsa kunyalanyaza kwathunthu maudindo omwe apatsidwa kwa ife ndi abambo oyambitsa kuti tisunge macheke amphamvu pa mphamvu za mkono uliwonse wa boma. Mwachionekere zimenezo zimadzutsa mafunso ofunika kwambiri. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku boma lathu, ufulu wathu wachibadwidwe komanso demokalase yathu yoyambira ngati dziko loyang'anira liloledwa kukula mosayang'aniridwa?
Monga tawonera m'masiku aposachedwa, utsogoleri wanzeru watsimikiza kugwiritsitsa ulamulirowu. Kuphatikizira luso loyang'anira zomwe zimawulula mbali iliyonse ya moyo wa munthu ndi kuthekera kopanga mphamvu zamalamulo kuti ziwonetsedwe, ndipo pomaliza, kuchotsa uyang'aniro wamilandu wodalirika, kumabweretsa mwayi wokhala ndi chikoka chomwe sichinachitikepo m'boma lathu.
Chifukwa Chake Macheke Ndi Mabalance Akufunika
Popanda chitetezo chowonjezera m'malamulo, aliyense wa ife m'chipinda chino akhoza kutsatiridwa ndikuwunika kulikonse komwe tili nthawi iliyonse. Ukadaulo womwe timawona kuti ndi wofunikira pamayendedwe amoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku komanso ukatswiri umakhala wophatikiza mafoni, zida zomvera, tracker yamalo, ndi kamera yobisika. Palibe waku America wamoyo yemwe angavomereze kunyamula chilichonse mwazinthuzo chifukwa chake tiyenera kukana lingaliro loti boma litha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake kunyalanyaza chilolezocho.
Masiku ano, akuluakulu aboma akuuza atolankhani poyera kuti ali ndi mphamvu zosinthira mafoni anzeru ndi mafoni a m'manja a anthu aku America kukhala ma beacons opangidwa ndi malo. Chowonjezera vutoli ndi chakuti lamulo lamilandu silinakhazikitsidwe pa kufufuza kwa mafoni a m'manja ndipo atsogoleri a bungwe la intelligence akhala akusafuna kunena kuti ufulu wa anthu omwe amatsatira malamulo ndi chiyani pankhaniyi. Popanda chitetezo chokwanira chomwe chimamangidwa pamalamulo, palibe njira yomwe aku America angatsimikizire kuti boma silitanthauzira maulamuliro ake mokulirakulira, chaka ndi chaka, mpaka lingaliro loyang'anira pawailesi yakanema kusuntha kwanu kutembenuka kuchoka ku dystopia kupita ku zenizeni.
Ena anganene kuti zimenezi sizingachitike chifukwa pali makhoti achinsinsi amene amayangโanira zinthu. Koma chowonadi ndichakuti opanga mfundo zazikulu ndi oweruza aboma abwerera mobwerezabwereza ku mabungwe azidziwitso kuti asankhe oyang'anira omwe akufuna. Kwa iwo omwe amakhulupirira kuti akuluakulu anthambi amatanthauzira mwakufuna kwawo oyang'anira oyang'anira ndi kudziletsa, ndikukhulupirira kuti ndizotheka kuti ndikwaniritse maloto anga amoyo wonse akusewera mu NBA.
Koma mozama, pamene James Madison ankafuna kunyengerera anthu a ku America kuti malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwa ndale kapena akuluakulu a boma kuti atenge mphamvu zambiri kuposa zomwe anthu adapatsidwa, sanangopempha anzake a ku America kuti amukhulupirire. Iye adalongosola mosamalitsa chitetezo chomwe chili m'malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino komanso momwe anthu angatsimikizire kuti sakuphwanyidwa. Tikulephera madera athu, tikulephera omwe adayambitsa, ndipo tikulephera mwamuna ndi mkazi aliyense wolimba mtima yemwe adamenya nkhondo kuti ateteze demokalase yaku America ngati tikulolera, lero, kungodalira munthu aliyense kapena bungwe lililonse lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zazikulu kuposa zomwe zidasankhidwa komanso zochepa. ulamuliro umene umagwira ntchito ngati firewall motsutsana ndi nkhanza.
Tsopano ndikufuna kuthera mphindi zochepa ndikulankhula za iwo omwe amapanga gulu lazanzeru ndi ntchito zatsiku ndi tsiku kutiteteza tonse. Ndiloleni ndifotokoze momveka bwino: Ndapeza kuti amuna ndi akazi omwe amagwira ntchito mโmabungwe anzeru a dziko lathu ndi olimbikira ntchito, odzipereka. Ndi anthu okonda kwambiri dziko lawo amene amadzipereka kwambiri kuti atumikire dziko lawo. Ayenera kugwira ntchito zawo motetezeka podziwa kuti pali thandizo la anthu pa chilichonse chomwe akuchita. Tsoka ilo, sizingachitike ngati akuluakulu m'boma asocheretsa anthu za oyang'anira boma.
Ndipo tiyeni timveke bwino: anthu sanangokhala mumdima za Patriot Act ndi maulamuliro ena achinsinsi. Anthu adasokeretsedwa mwachangu. Ndanenapo kangapo m'mbuyomu pomwe akuluakulu adalankhula zosocheretsa kwa anthu komanso ku Congress pamitundu yamayendedwe omwe akuwayang'anira anthu aku America, ndipo ndibwerezanso zitsanzo zofunika kwambiri.
Kwa zaka zambiri, akuluakulu a Unduna wa Zachilungamo adauza Congress ndi anthu kuti olamulira a Patriot Act omwe ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa ma foni a mamiliyoni a anthu wamba aku America "ndiwofanana ndi mlandu waukulu." Mawu amenewa ndi osocheretsa kwambiri. Imasokoneza mawu oti "analogues" kupitilira pomwe pakusweka. Ndizowona kuti maulamuliro onsewa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa zolemba zosiyanasiyana, koma lamulo la Patriot Act lamasuliridwa mwachinsinsi kuti lilole kusonkhanitsidwa kopitilira muyeso, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti ulamulirowu ukhale wosiyana kwambiri ndi woweruza wanthawi zonse. Pali maloya alipo muno? Mawuwa akatha, bwerani ndikuuzeni ngati mudawonapo khoti lalikulu lomwe limalola boma kuti litole zolemba za mamiliyoni a anthu wamba aku America.
Chowonadi n'chakuti palibe amene adawonapo chikalata chotere chifukwa palibe. Fanizo losokeretsali lapangidwa ndi akuluakulu angapo kangapo ndipo nthawi zambiri ngati gawo la umboni ku Congress. Mkuluyo yemwe adatumikira kwa zaka zambiri ngati wamkulu wa dipatimenti yazachilungamo pazamalamulo oyang'anira milandu posachedwa adauza atolankhani Wall Street Journal kuti ngati loya wa boma โapereka chikalata cholembera kalata kwa agogo aanthu ochuluka chonchi pofufuza zaupandu, angasekedwe kukhoti.โ
Zaka za Deceiving Congress
Oikira kumbuyo chinyengo ichi ati aphungu a Kongeresi ali ndi kuthekera kodziwa zonse zomwe boma likuchita mopanda tsankho, choncho sayenera kudandaula akuluakulu akamalankhula zabodza, ngakhale pamisonkhano ya congress. Umenewo ndi mkangano wopanda pake. Zedi, mamembala a Congress ndikanathera pezani nkhani yonse m'malo osankhidwa, koma izi sizikukhululukira mchitidwe wonena zoona zenizeni komanso zosokeretsa zomwe zikunenedwa pagulu. Kodi zinakhala bwino liti kuti zonena za akuluakulu aboma pagulu ndi zonena zachinsinsi zisiyane kwambiri? Yankho lake ndilakuti sizili bwino, ndipo zikuwonetsa chikhalidwe chokulirapo chazidziwitso zabodza zomwe zimapitilira chipinda chomvera cha congressional ndikulowa pazokambirana zapagulu.
Mwachitsanzo, masika apitawa mkulu wa National Security Agency analankhula ku American Enterprise Institute, komwe adanena poyera kuti "sitisunga zambiri za nzika zaku US." Mawu amenewo akumveka olimbikitsa, koma ndithudi anthu a ku America tsopano akudziwa kuti ndi zabodza. M'malo mwake, ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zabodza zomwe zanenedwapo zokhuza kuyang'anira m'nyumba. Chakumapeto kwa chaka chomwechi, pamsonkhano wapachaka wa owononga owononga ndalama wotchedwa DefCon, mkulu wa NSA yemweyo ananena kuti boma silisonkhanitsa โdosiโ pa mamiliyoni a anthu aku America. Tsopano ndakhala ndikutumikira mu Komiti ya Intelligence kwa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri ndipo sindimadziwa kuti "dossiers" amatanthauza chiyani pankhaniyi. Ndikudziwa kuti anthu aku America omwe sakudziwa zambiri zomwe zafotokozedwazo angamve mawuwo ndikuganiza kuti panalibe zambiri zachinsinsi za anthu mamiliyoni mazana ambiri aku America zomwe zikuchitika.
Woyangโanira wa NSA atanena zimenezi poyera, Senator Udall ndi ine tinalembera mkuluyo kuti atifotokozere bwino. M'kalata yathu tidafunsa ngati NSA imasonkhanitsa deta yamtundu uliwonse pa mamiliyoni kapena mazana mamiliyoni aku America. Ngakhale kuti mkulu wa bungwe la NSA ndi amene analankhula za nkhaniyi poyera, akuluakulu a ukatswiri anakana kutiyankha molunjika.
Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, ndidapanga chigamulo chakuti sindidzakhala ndi udindo woyang'anira ngati sindikakamiza akuluakulu azamalamulo kuti afotokoze zomwe mkulu wa NSA adauza anthu za kusonkhanitsa deta. Choncho ndinaona kuti kunali koyenera kukafunsa mkulu wa bungwe la National Intelligence. Ndipo ndinawauza antchito anga kuti atumize funsolo kwatsala tsiku limodzi kuti akhale wokonzeka kuyankha. Wotsogolera mwatsoka adanena kuti yankho linali ayi, NSA sichisonkhanitsa mwadala zambiri za anthu mamiliyoni aku America, zomwe mwachiwonekere sizolondola.
Mlanduwo utatha, ndinauza antchito anga kuti ayimbire ofesi ya woyang'anira pa foni yotetezedwa ndi kuwalimbikitsa kuti akonze zolembedwazo. Mwachisoni, ofesi yake inaganiza zolola kuti mawu olakwikawa aime. Ogwira ntchito anga adanenanso momveka bwino kuti izi zinali zolakwika komanso kuti sikunali kovomerezeka kusiya anthu aku America akusocheretsedwa. Ndinapitirizabe kuchenjeza anthu za vuto la malamulo a chinsinsi pa masabata otsatirawa, mpaka June ataulula.
Ngakhale zitatha izi, akuluakulu akhala akuyesetsa kukokomeza mphamvu ya pulogalamu yotolera ma foni ambiri poyiphatikiza ndi kusonkhanitsa mauthenga a pa intaneti pansi pa Gawo 702 la lamulo la FISA. Kusonkhanitsa kumeneku, komwe kumaphatikizapo makina a makompyuta a PRISM, apanga zambiri zamtengo wapatali. Ndidzawona kuti chilimwe chatha ndinatha kupeza nthambi yoyang'anira kuti iwononge mfundo yakuti khoti la FISA lagamula nthawi imodzi kuti chosonkhanitsachi chinaphwanya Malamulo achinayi m'njira yomwe inakhudza chiwerengero chosadziwika cha Achimereka. Ndipo bwaloli latinso boma laphwanya malamulo. Chifukwa chake, ndikuganiza kuti gawo 702 likufunika chitetezo champhamvu pazinsinsi za anthu aku America omwe amamvera malamulo, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti chitetezochi chitha kuonjezedwa popanda kutaya mtengo wake. Koma sindingakane kuti mtengowu ulipo.
Pakadali pano, sindinawonepo chilichonse chosonyeza kuti pulogalamu yojambulira mafoni ambiri idapereka nzeru zapadera zomwe sizinapezekenso ku boma kudzera munjira zocheperako. Pamene akuluakulu a boma amatchula mapulogalamuwa pamodzi, ndi kunena kuti "mapulogalamuwa" amapereka nzeru zapadera popanda kunena kuti pulogalamu imodzi ikugwira ntchito yonse ndipo ina ili pafupi ndi kukwera, m'chigamulo changa chimenecho ndi mawu osocheretsa. .
Ndipo pakhalanso zonena zosokeretsa komanso zosalongosoka zokhuza kusonkhanitsidwa kwa gawo 702. Mwezi watha, Senator Udall ndi ine tidalembera mkulu wa NSA kuti tifotokoze kuti chikalata chovomerezeka cha NSA chili ndi zidziwitso zosokeretsa komanso zolakwika zazikulu zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chitetezo chachinsinsi cha anthu aku America chimveke champhamvu kuposa momwe zilili. Tsiku lotsatira chikalatacho chinachotsedwa patsamba loyamba la webusayiti ya NSA. Kodi pepala lonyenga likadakhalabe pamenepo ngati Senator Udall ndi ine sitinakakamize kuti tichotse? Poganizira zomwe zidafunika kukonza zolakwika za director of National Intelligence ndi National Security Agency zomwe zitha kukhala choncho.
Kodi Mutani Pazimenezi?
Chifukwa chake nditakuyendetsani momwe lamulo lachinsinsi, lotanthauziridwa ndi khoti lachinsinsi, lololedwa kuyang'aniridwa mwachinsinsi, funso lodziwikiratu ndilakuti, chotsatira ndi chiyani? Ron, utani nazo?
Masabata angapo apitawa, opitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a nyumba ya Senate ya ku United States adalembera kalata mkulu wa bungwe la National Intelligence kuti ayankhe mafunso owonjezera okhudza momwe akuluakulu aboma amagwirira ntchito. Patha miyezi iwiri kuchokera pomwe a Snowden adawululira, ndipo omwe adasaina kalatayi - kuphatikiza mamembala akuluakulu a utsogoleri wa senate ndi amipando a komiti omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri - awonetsa momveka bwino kuti sangavomereze mawu owonjezera a miyala kapena osocheretsa. Malamulo osintha malamulo a Patriot Act akhazikitsidwanso. Cholinga chachikulu pakuchita izi chikufuna kuti boma liwonetsere kulumikizana kwauchigawenga kapena ukazitape lisanatole zambiri za anthu aku America.
Aphungu aperekanso malamulo omwe angawonetsetse kuti kusanthula kwalamulo kwa malingaliro a makhothi achinsinsi otanthauzira malamulo owunika kumachotsedwa mwanzeru. Ndipo ndikugwirizana ndi anzanga kupanga zosintha zina zomwe zidzabweretse kutseguka, kuyankha, ndi ubwino wa ndondomeko yotsutsana ndi machitidwe a anachronistic a khoti lachinsinsi kwambiri ku America. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, ine ndi anzanga tikugwira ntchito kuti mkangano wa anthu ukhale wamoyo. Tavumbulutsa zonena zabodza. Tikuwayankha akuluakulu. Ndipo tikuwonetsa kuti ufulu ndi chitetezo sizigwirizana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, mbali ya kuwonekera ndi kumasuka ikuyamba kuyika mfundo zina pa bolodi.
Monga ambiri akudziwa tsopano, NSA inalinso ndi pulogalamu yojambulira maimelo yochuluka yomwe inali yofanana ndi pulogalamu yojambulira mafoni ambiri. Pulogalamuyi idagwira ntchito pansi pa gawo 214 la Patriot Act, lomwe limadziwika kuti "pen register", mpaka posachedwa. Ine ndi mnzanga wa Komiti ya Intelligence Senator Udall tinali okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi momwe pulogalamuyi ikukhudzira ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu aku America komanso ufulu wachinsinsi, ndipo tidakhala gawo lalikulu la 2011 akukakamiza akuluakulu azanzeru kuti apereke umboni wakuchita kwake. Zinapezeka kuti sanathe kutero, ndipo mawu omwe adanenedwa ponena za pulogalamuyi ku Congress ndi khoti la FISA adakokomeza kwambiri ntchito ya pulogalamuyi. Pulogalamuyi idatsekedwa chaka chomwecho. Kotero chimenecho chinali chipambano chachikulu kwa aliyense amene amasamala za zinsinsi za Amereka ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe, ngakhale Senator Udall ndi ine sitinathe kuuza aliyense za izo mpaka masabata angapo apitawo.
Posachedwapa, pamene lamulo la Intelligence Authorization lapachaka likudutsa mu Komiti ya Intelligence kumapeto kwa chaka chatha linaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayenera kuletsa kutulutsa kwanzeru koma zomwe zikanapangitsa kuti atolankhani azitha kufotokoza za ndondomeko zakunja ndi chitetezo cha dziko. Mwa zina, zikanalepheretsa akuluakulu aboma kuti azitha kulankhula ndi atolankhani, ngakhale pa nkhani zosadziwika bwino za malamulo akunja. Ndipo zikanaletsa mabungwe azidziwitso kuti apangitse wina aliyense kunja kwa akuluakulu angapo kuti adzidziwitse zachidule, ngakhale pazinthu zomwe sizikudziwika. Malamulowa adapangidwa kuti aletse kutayikira, koma zikuwonekeratu kuti akadasokoneza kwambiri Chisinthidwe Choyamba, ndikuyambitsa mkangano wapagulu wosadziwika bwino pankhani za mfundo zakunja ndi chitetezo cha dziko.
Zopereka za antileaks izi zidadutsa mumchitidwe wa komiti mobisa, ndipo biluyo idavomerezedwa ndi voti ya 14-1 (ndikuloleni nonse kulingalira kuti voti ya nay anali ndani). Biliyo idafika ku Nyumba ya Senate ndikukambilana pagulu. Biliyo itayamba kuoneka poyera, ndithudi, idatulutsidwa mwachangu ndi ofalitsa ndi olankhula mwaufulu, omwe adawona ngati lingaliro loyipa. Ndinagwira pa biluyo kuti isapitirire mofulumira popanda kukambitsirana koyenera ndipo pasanathe milungu ingapo, zinthu zonse za antileaks zinachotsedwa.
Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, ine ndi anzanga tinatha kupeza malingaliro a Unduna wa Zachilungamo omwe amafotokoza zomwe boma limakhulupirira kuti malamulowo ndi okhudza kupha anthu aku America. Mwinamwake mukudziwa izi ngati nkhani ya drones. Zolemba izi zakupha anthu aku America sizinagawidwenso ndi mamembala a Congress pamaziko achinsinsi, osasiyapo ndi anthu aku America. Mwina munandimvapo ndikunena izi, koma ndikukhulupirira kuti America aliyense ali ndi ufulu wodziwa nthawi yomwe boma lawo likuganiza kuti ndilololedwa kuwapha. Ine ndi anzanga tinamenyana poyera ndi mwamseri kuti tipeze zikalatazi, tinagwiritsa ntchito mwayi uliwonse wopezeka, ndipo pamapeto pake tinapeza zikalata zomwe tidafuna.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo takhala tikuyang'anitsitsa ndikukonza njira yomwe ingalole kuti magawo ofunikira a zolembazi awonekere poyera. Sindimabwerera mmbuyo kwa aliyense pankhani yoteteza zidziwitso zodziwika bwino zachitetezo cha dziko, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri aku America akuyembekeza kuti mabungwe aboma nthawi zina amachita ntchito zachinsinsi. Koma mabungwewo sayenera kudalira malamulo achinsinsi kapena maulamuliro operekedwa ndi makhoti achinsinsi.
Ron Wyden ndi senator wa Democratic ku Oregon.
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