Tsiku la Disembala 3, 2007 - Ofalitsa nkhani achita chisangalalo anthu aku Venezuela atagonjetsa mwapang'onopang'ono referendum ya Hugo Chavez yosintha malamulo a dziko dzulo. Zotsatira zake zinali zosemphana ndi zomwe zanenedweratu pochita zisankho zodziyimira pawokha ndipo zidapitilira mpaka kumapeto. Zotsatira zotsala pang'ono kutha sizinalengezedwe mpaka 1:15AM pa Disembala 3 pomwe mavoti pafupifupi 100,000 alekanitsa mbali ziwirizi komanso 44% yodabwitsa ya anthu oyenerera osavota. Pa Disembala 7, bungwe la National Electoral Council (CNE) la Venezuela lidatulutsa zotsatira zomaliza potengera 94% ya mavoti omwe adawerengedwa. Zosintha zokwana 69 zidavoteredwa m'magulu awiri:
Kwa Block A: Ayi - 50.65%; Ndi (Inde) - 49.34%;
Kwa Block B: Ayi - 51.01%; Inde (inde) - 48.99%.
Pansipa pali zitsanzo za makampani media gloating. Ayenera kuchepekera pang'ono chifukwa adikirira zaka zisanu ndi zinayi mpaka pano, ndipo mwina sangalandire ina kwakanthawi. Anthu aku Venezuela atayika, adapambana, koma Chavez atha kunena kuti kusintha kwatayika "por ahora (pakadali pano)." M'mawu ake atatha zisankho pa kanema wawayilesi waku Venezuela VTV adawonjezeranso kuti: Kusintha kukucheperachepera koma kuli moyo, ndipo "anthu aku Venezuela ali ndi mphamvu ndi ufulu wopereka pempho lofuna kusintha malamulo (nthawi yanga) (yanga) isanathe, zomwe zatsala zaka zisanu.
Pansi pa malamulo aku Venezuela, Nyumba Yamalamulo Yadziko Lonse (NA) ikhoza kukhazikitsa malamulo atsopano opindulitsa kwa anthu kapena malamulo ena nthawi iliyonse malinga ngati sakusemphana ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko. Lamuloli likhoza kusinthidwa ndi referenda ya dziko mu imodzi mwa njira zitatu - ngati Purezidenti, NA kapena 15% ya olembetsa olembetsa (podandaula) apempha. Koma malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino amaletsa pulezidenti kuti asafune kusinthanso kawiri mu nthawi imodzi, koma akhoza kukhala lamulo kudzera m'njira zodziwika bwino kapena msonkhano wachigawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, Chavez atha kugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro wake wololedwa ndi malamulo ovomerezeka mpaka chilimwe chamawa ikatha. Pansi pake, atha kuyika malamulo ndi lamulo m'malo ofunikira a 11 omwe akuphatikizapo kapangidwe ka mabungwe aboma, kusankha kwa akuluakulu amderalo, chuma, ndalama ndi misonkho, mabanki, mayendedwe, chitetezo chankhondo ndi dziko, chitetezo cha anthu, ndi mfundo zokhudzana ndi mphamvu.
Chavez anali ndi ulamulirowu kawiri m'mbuyomo ndipo adaugwiritsa ntchito mu 2001 kuti asinthe malamulo 49 kuti agwirizane ndi Constitution m'malo osintha malo ndi mabanki komanso kuti pakhale mgwirizano wogawana ndalama ndi makampani amafuta akunja pochita mgwirizano ndi boma. Iye adafuna kuti nthawi ino ifulumizitse kusintha kwa demokalase m'munsi komanso kuti athe kusamutsa mphamvu kwa anthu kudzera m'makonsolo am'madera. Angagwiritsenso ntchito kupititsa patsogolo chitsanzo chake cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zachuma potengera kugawa moyenera chuma cha dziko lonse kupyolera mu ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo, maphunziro ndi chitetezo cha anthu. Ngati njira zosinthira izi ziganiziridwa, apeza chithandizo champhamvu cha anthu pokhapokha ngati akuwasunga mosavuta ndikuwafotokozera moyenera komanso pafupipafupi.
M'mawu ake atatha zisankho, Chavez adatsindika kuti lingaliro lina lokonzanso likubwera "chaka chamawa kapena zaka zitatu. Siziyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi. Zitha kukhala mbali imodzi, koma mwanjira ina, zowongoka komanso zosavuta, chifukwa ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti kusintha komwe tidapereka kunali kovuta kwambiri. โ
Kukangana kwa chisankho chisanachitike komanso kuukira zabodza kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri, ndipo otsutsawo adatulutsa minyewa yolimbikitsa kusintha. Ndikukonzekera bwino ndi kukhazikitsa, vutolo ndi lokonzeka, ndipo pakadali pano, NA ikhoza kukhazikitsa zosintha zina mwalamulo ndipo Chavez atha kuchita yekha mwa lamulo. Yembekezerani kuti izi zichitike ndipo anthu ambiri aku Venezuela azichirikiza ndi chidwi.
Pano, mamembala a National Indigenous Movement (MNIV) ku Venezuela akufuna kukonzanso malamulo a dziko, akufuna kulimbikitsa anthu, ndipo ayambe kutolera siginecha kuti apereke pempho. Iwo adakumana kuti akonze njira pa Disembala 7 pambuyo pake wogwirizira wa MNIV a Facundo Guanipa adalengeza kuti anthu ang'onoang'ono aku Venezuela akugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa Chavez molingana ndi zotsatira za referendum.
Komabe, pakadali pano, okonda masewerawa ali ndi gawo lalikulu ndipo sakutchula ndemanga ya Mlembi Wamkulu wa OAS Jose Miguel Insulza kuti "Nthano zochepa chabe za demokalase yaku Venezuela zikugwa. Zimagwira ntchito ngati madera onse a demokalaseโฆ.Ndikukhulupirira kuti boma la US litha kuvomereza, monga tonsefe, kuti zinali zolondola komanso zoyera.
Osadalira izi kapena zoulutsira mawu, ndikuyamba ndi mdani yemwe amamukonda kwambiri wolembayu - Mary Anastasia O'Grady wa Wall Street Journal, nthawi ino pa kanema wa mphindi zitatu wopangidwa ndi Journal yomwe ikupezeka pa intaneti. Amatenthedwa mwachangu ndi ndemanga ngati referendum, ikadaloledwa, ikadapatsa Chave z "mphamvu zankhanza kuti alamulire moyo wawo wonse," ndipo Venezuela ili ndi "masankho achinyengo." Zowopsa komanso zabodza pazonse ziwiri, inde, koma izi ndizomveka kwa O'Grady.
Kuphatikiza apo, adati ziwerengero zotsala pang'ono kumaliza zinalipo nthawi ya 8:15pm, koma National Electoral Council (CNE) idadikirira mpaka 1:15am kuti inene. Ndipotu, kupereka malipoti kunachedwa chifukwa chisankho chinali pafupi kwambiri kuti chiyitanidwe, ndipo adagwirizana pasadakhale kuti asachite mpaka 90% ya mavoti awerengedwa. Panthawiyo, zotsatira zake zinalengezedwa. Chinthu china chamtengo wapatali cha O'Grady chinali Chavez adayamba kulamulira mu 1999 "pochotsa" "osankhika akale" kutanthauza kuti kuwagonjetsa motsimikiza komanso mwademokalase kunali kosayenera - O'Grady wakale yemwe adamutsimikizira zambiri.
Journal sinathe. Nkhani ya pa intaneti inati: โAnthu a ku Venezuela Amvula kwa Hugo (ndipo ndi) kuposa kubweza mmbuyo kwa mesiya wamphamvu wa ku Venezuela. Ndi chigonjetso cha ufulu wabwino ku Latin Americaโฆ.kudosโฆ.kwa anthu aku Venezuela (poletsa Chavez kuti) asachite) zomwe zidali ngati kulanda boma motsutsana ndi demokalase ya dzikolo. Anayesa kuvutitsa anthu a ku Venezuela kuti avotere ulamuliro wa munthu mmodzi ndi chitsanzo cholimba cha socialism. Iwo anati ayi (ndipo CNE inadikirira mpaka 1:15AM) pamene zinaonekeratu kuti panalibe njira yothetsera zotsatira.โ
Malinga ndi magazini ya Journal, zimene Chavez anachitazi โzikanasokoneza ufulu wa anthu ku Venezuela (ndipo) zikanathetsa zitsimikizo za katundu wa munthu.โ Chiwopsezo chomaliza chinali ngati chenjezo loti Chavez akuwongolerabe mabungwe andale mdziko muno ndipo "adakali pachiwopsezo kuderali. Ali pa mpikisano wolimbana ndi nthawi (kuti apititse patsogolo zolinga zake) zokulitsa (zomwe) zitha kusokoneza demokalase ya Colombia, ndipo wasokoneza kale Bolivia ndi Ecuador. " Phew, ndi Rupert Murdoch sanatengebe pepala lomwe adagula chilimwe chatha pamene adamaliza mgwirizano wa Dow Jones & Company.
Lowani mu New York Times ndi munthu wake ku Caracas, Simon Romero, yemwe kalembedwe kake kamaposa olemba Journal koma osati zake. Nkhani yake pa Disembala 3 idati "Venezuela Hands Narrow Defeat to Chavez Plan" yomwe ikanamupatsa "mphamvu zatsopano. Atsogoleri otsutsa anali okondwa," ndipo bwanamkubwa wa chigawo cha Zulia komanso wotsutsa pulezidenti wa Chavez 2006, Manuel Rosales, adati "usiku uno, Venezuela yapambana." Lipoti lake latsiku lotsatira linanena kuti "voti imayimitsa njira (ndipo) yapereka mphamvu zatsopano kwa () otsutsa oleza mtima." Ndi "chiwonetsero cha ....kusayendetsa bwino kwa boma (ndi) chenjezo kwa a Chavez kuti pamapeto pake adadutsa (pofuna kuthetsa malire a purezidenti) ndikuyika pakati) mphamvu zawo." Ndi "chidzudzulo chaukali (kuchokera kwa ovota mpaka) kuti a Chavez adziwe (iwo sakufuna) kuti awatsatire patali kwambiri panjira yopita ku tsogolo la sosholisti."
Zambiri kuchokera ku Romero, pamodzi ndi olemba op-ed a Times, kuti "Kusinkhasinkha ndi Mkwiyo (kunabwera) Pambuyo Kugonjetsedwa," ndi Chavistas "akudyedwa ndi kudzudzulidwa ndi kufufuza moyo" kutsatira kukana voti. "Chavez adadzudzula adani ake (ndi) adatsutsa (kupambana kwawo) ndi chidwi (chosadziwika)," ndipo "Chavismo" ayenera "kuvomereza njira zambiri."
Izi zinali zokometsera kwa wolemba op-ed Roger Cohen. Iye adayankha moni mopanda pake chifukwa cha "chitonzo cha kukana 51 mpaka 49 peresenti kukana kuthetsa malire a nthawi ndi kusokoneza ufulu wa katundu waumwini." Anasiya kutchulapo machitidwe ambiri a West Europe ndi nyumba zamalamulo amalola kuti asankhidwenso mopanda malire, ndipo mlandu womaliza ngati wabodza. Kenako Cohen akuukira kutcha Chavez โmunthu wamphamvuโฆ.a caudilloโฆ.wowopsa (ndi) 'socialismo' yake ikufanana ndi 'Hugoismo.' โ Iye anali ndi cholinga โchodziunjikira (e) mphamvu kudzera mโziwopsezo, kunena zabodza otsutsa kuti โachiwembu,โ (ndi) kugula chithandizo ndi ndalama zokwana madola 150 miliyoni patsiku.โ
Zikuipiraipira: "omwe amabanki (aku) akuponya mamiliyoni ambiri pothetsa kusiyana pakati pa mitengo ya boma ndi msika wakuda (bolivar). Umbanda ndi kuzembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo zikuchuluka.โ Socialism yake ndi โRussia (yofanana) ndi โAsovieti,โ (ndipo) ndikupereka moni kwa anthu a ku Venezuelaโ chifukwa choika โMalire a (a) Kuukira kwa Zaka za zana la 21.โ Pa Disembala 3, Cohen adawalemba m'misika isanu ndi itatu yaku Venezuela ndi malamulo andale kuti awonetse ndi malingaliro ake a Chavez "(''t) sangatembenuzire koloko kuti asinthe".
Nyuzipepala ya Times sinachitidwe, ndipo pa Disembala 4 idatulutsa mkonzi ndi "Nthano ya Awiri Amphamvu." Wina anali Vladimir Putin atapambana zisankho za Disembala 2. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya The Times, inali โreferendumu ya iye mwini (mโmene iye) mwachipongwe anasokoneza chipambano chachikuluโฆ.โ Chavez sanachite mwayi ngati "mpikisano wake waposachedwa komanso wowopsa kwambiri (kotero pali) chiyembekezo (ku Venezuela) mpikisano wandale .... Nyuzipepala ya Times yavomereza kuti "akadali wamphamvu kwambiri," kotero "Magulu apadziko lonse lapansi ....ayenera kulimbikira (chifukwa iye) sanakhale wademokalase mwadzidzidzi."
Nyuzipepala ya Washington Post idanena kuti zisankho zake zitachitika pambuyo pake ndi mawu achipongwe ofanana ndi a agitprop - kuti "Mr. Chavez adaganiza zodzipanga kukhala purezidenti wa moyo wake wonseโฆ.Mavoti asanavote adawonetsa pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu aku Venezuela adakonda kusinthako (ndipo) anthu okhala m'matauni omwe adathandizira a Chavez m'mbuyomu anali ndi zifukwa zomveka zoganiziranso: Chifukwa cha ndondomeko zake zachuma za crackpotโฆ.zotsatira zake sizidzabwezeretsa demokalase yonse (chifukwa Chavez) amayang'anirabe nyumba yamalamulo, makhothi, wailesi yakanema ya dziko lonse ndi kampani yamafuta ya boma, ndipo ali ndi ulamuliro wolamulira mwalamulo. " Zabodza pazonse kupatula kuti aphungu ambiri osankhidwa mwademokalase ndi oweruza osankhidwa ndi Chavez amathandizira Bolivarianism monga momwe zilili mu Constitution ya dziko lomwe adalumbirira kutsatira.
AP inalinso yaudani kutcha Chavez "mkangano wokhazikika (wokhala ndi) wokulirapo kuposa moyo wosiya (ku) malo ocheperako (omwe) amawonetsetsa kuti mikangano yambiri (m'dziko) isiyanitsidwe kwambiri." Koma "kupambana kwa Lamlungu kwalimbikitsa otsutsa (amene angapemphe) kuti abweze referendum pamene Chavez afika pakati pa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mu December, 2009."
Kumadzulonso, nyuzipepala ya Los Angeles Times inali yokondwerera ponena kuti kugonja kwa Lamlungu ndi โchigamulo chochititsa chidwi cha (Chavez) . Koma idati: "Chavez sanathe." Ngakhale atagonjetsedwa, "adzatha kuchita zambiri zomwe akufuna mwalamulo" popeza amayang'anira NA ndi Khothi Lalikulu. Nyuzipepala ya Times inatchulapo โzithunzi za maulendo aakulu (otsutsa) a ophunzira,โ koma โchinthu chachikulu kwambiri (pa) Lamlungu (chinali) mfundo zachabechabe zazachuma za Chavez, zomwe zachititsa ambiri omwe amamutsatira osauka kukayikira ngati akudziwadi zomwe akuchita. โ Ali ngati "Soviet Russia kapena Cuba yamakono (ndi) malingaliro a Chavez a sosholisti akutsogolera dziko la Venezuela ku phompho, ndipo ndi osauka omwe adzavutike kwambiri ngati adutsa malire."
Magazini a Time anadabwa kuti โKodi Chavez Adzathana Nazo Motani? (ndi) Chifukwa Chake Anthu aku Venezuela Anatembenukira Chavez. Adanenanso kuti "mantha omwe adayamba 7pm Lamlungu madzulo," koma idafika 1:00am pomwe "el comandante" adavomereza kugonja. Malinga ndi wolemba Time, Jens Erik Gould, amada nkhawa kwambiri ndi kulandidwa mphamvu kwa Chavez komanso kuthekera kulanda katundu wamba kuposa momwe angathandizire osauka komanso mphamvu zodziwika bwino zomwe angapeze. Koma ngakhale โkugonja kukhozaโฆ.kuchedwetsa Purezidentiโฆ.iye ndi ogwirizana ake akadali ndi mphamvu zokulirakulira (kotero) nkhondoyo ili kutaliโ mosakaikira mbali yomwe Time ikubwerera.
Magazini ya Business Week inali kukamba za zomwe zinali "Kumbuyo kwa Chavez Kugonja ku Venezuela" munkhani yodzaza ndi zolakwika zanthawi zonse, zolakwika komanso zolimbikitsa bizinesi. Idati "kukanidwaโฆ.kutha kutanthauza kukhazikika kwabizinesi ndi chuma" osatchulapo kuti bizinesi ikupita patsogolo, ndipo chuma ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zikukula mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi pansi pa "masomphenya a chikhalidwe cha anthu" a Chavez.
Nkhaniyi inagwira mawu otsutsa kunena kuti ngati referendum ikanatha "Tikadadzuka muulamuliro wankhanzaโฆ.chigonjetso chothekaโฆ.kuchepetsa chidaliro chabizinesiโฆ.kugonja kumakayikitsa ngati Chavez azitha kuzamitsa kusintha kwake kwa sosholistiโฆ.ambiri mu Dziko la Venezuela siligwirizana ndi masomphenya a Chavez a chikhalidwe cha anthuโฆ.Pali kusakhutira ndi utsogoleri wa Chavez. Kupambana kukadalola Chavez โkulanda katundu wambaโฆ.kuletsa umwiniโฆ.kunyozetsa maziko a demokalase ndi ukapitalist ku Venezuela, ndikulola Chavez kukhazikitsa dziko lotchedwa Cuba lachikominisi ngati litavomerezedwa.โ
Zochita za Anti-Chavez pambuyo pa zisankho zitha kudzaza ma voliyumu. Enanso amatsatira pansipa:
โ San Francisco Chronicle inadandaula kuti "Chave z (akadali) akugwira makhadi onse (ndipo) Otsutsa sanapeze mtsogoleri yemwe angafanane ndi umunthu wa maginito wa Chavez ndi chikoka.
- Bloomberg.com idakhumudwitsidwanso kuti kugonja kumodzi "sikutheka ....kuyimitsa (Chavez) kufuna kuyanjana ndi chuma cha Venezuelaโฆ.atha kulanda mafakitale, kulanda katundu ndikufooketsa ufulu wa banki yayikulu."
- Voice of America (VOA) yoyendetsedwa ndi boma idatsutsa ndemanga ya George Bush pambuyo pa chisankho kuti kugonja kwa Chavez ndi "kuvota kwa demokalase;" silinatchulepo zonena zake zisanachitike zisankho za Venezuela kukhala wopanda demokalase;
- Nkhani ya CBS inali ndi mutu wakuti "Chavez's Democratic Authoritarianism (choncho) Ngakhale (kugonjetsedwa pamasankho), Purezidenti wa Venezuela apitirizabe kulamulira;"
โ Christian Science Monitor inati "Chavez Defiant wa ku Venezuela, Ngakhale Anagonjetsedwa .... ochepa amakhulupirira kuti zotsatira zake zidzamupangitsa (iye) kusintha njira yake,"
- The Financial Times mu "Chronicle of a kugonjwa idanenedweratu" ikuwona thandizo la Chavez pakati pa osauka omwe akusokonekera ngati "anthu akuVenezuela akuwona zinthu ndi zenizeni;"
โ a Economist akuwona โmkhalidwe wake wosagonjetsekaโฆ.kuwonongeka kosatha, nkhondo yotsatizana ikuwoneka kuti iyamba posachedwa (ndipo) Njira zopulumutsira sizilinsoโฆ.zimaphatikizanso kukhulupirika kosakayikitsa kwa 'commandante.' Kulimbana ndi kubwerera kwayamba; "
- CNN inalinso patsogolo pazomwe Chavez pamsonkhano wa atolankhani pambuyo pa zisankho adatcha kampeni yake yosokoneza. Anati Minister of Defense Rangel Briceno "adakwiya kwambiri ndi kampeni yonyenga ya (CNN) ... padziko lonse lapansi," akukonzekera kuzenga mlandu pa intaneti, ndipo "kumbuyo" kuli nkhope yoyipa ya United States;
- BBC imadziwika kuti ndi "woyang'anira mphamvu;" inali ndi mutu wakuti โWhite Houseโฆ.ikulandira kugonjetsedwa kwa Purezidenti wa Venezuela Hugo Chavezโฆ t) akufuna kukukokoloka kwina kulikonse mu demokalase yawo ndi mabungwe awo a demokalase; mawu ochirikiza a Chavez kapena kufotokoza momveka bwino za nkhanizo sikunawonekere chisankho chisanachitike kapena chitatha;
โ The Chicago Tribune mutu wakuti โChavez analanga, nkomwe posatengera (monga) atsogoleri a ndale ndi openda anati ndi molawirira kwambiri kunena ngati kugonja pang'onoโฆ.kungoimira kugunda kwa msewuโฆ.kapena kudzutsidwa kwa chitsutso chokhazikika ndi champhamvu; โ ndi
- The London Guardian's Seumas Milne adalemba mutu wa Chave zwas "Pansi koma osatuluka ku Caracas" polemba pepala lokhala ndi mbiri yakale yochirikiza boma komanso yocheperako kwa anthu ake. Milne, kumbali ina, adalembanso mfundo ina yonena kuti Bolivarianism idabwerera m'mbuyo (koma) "sanathe (ndipo) Lamlungu sikunali kugonja koopsa." Inanenanso "kunyozetsa anthu okhulupirira kuti dzikolo likulowa muulamuliro wopondereza kapena woponderezaโฆ.Referendumuyi idawonetsa demokalase ikuchitapo kanthuโฆ.Njira yosinthira zinthu yomwe ikuchitika ku Venezuela yathandiza kwambiri anthu." Kuwayimitsa kapena kuwasintha "kungakhale kutayika komwe kufunikira kwake kungapitirire malire a Venezuela (koma) ndemanga ndi zomwe a Chavez adachita (kuwonetsa) palibe mayendedwe obwerera."
Chavez ndiwolimba mtima ndipo abwerera mmbuyo pa chisankho chimodzi. Osamuwerengera kapena kupeputsa zomwe ali nazo pa zomwe mkulu wina wa Center for Economic and Policy Research, a Mark Weisbrot, akuti "Sinthauzo lambiriโฆ.lirikuchitikira ku Latin America (motsatira) zaka zopitilira XNUMX zautsogoleri wandale. โ lamulo. Katswiri wina wa nthaลตi yaitali wa ku Latin America, James Petras, akufotokoza motere: โReferendumu ndi chotulukapo chake (pamene chiri chofunika lerolino) changokhala chochitika cha mkangano pakati pa ukapitalizimu wokhazikika wa ufumu waulamuliro (amene Chavez amatsutsa) ndi antchito ademokalase oika patsogolo kusoshalisti (kuli koyembekezeredwa.โ Bolivarianism idzapereka). " Mzimu wa demokalase ukuyenda bwino ku Venezuela, ndipo kubweza m'mbuyo pa chisankho sikungasokoneze.
Stephen Lendman amakhala ku Chicago ndipo atha kufikiridwa pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa].
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